Oxford Open Climate Change最新文献_第3页

A climate justice perspective on international labour migration and climate change adaptation among Tuvaluan workers 从气候正义的角度看国际劳工移徙和图瓦卢工人适应气候变化

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgac002

Carol Farbotko, Taukiei Kitara, Olivia Dun, C. Evans

{"title":"A climate justice perspective on international labour migration and climate change adaptation among Tuvaluan workers","authors":"Carol Farbotko, Taukiei Kitara, Olivia Dun, C. Evans","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research on climate change and human mobility has posited migration as a potentially adaptive response. In the Pacific Islands region, international labour migration specifically is an important component of emerging climate change mobility policy, at both regional and national scales. However, the existence of opportunities for people in climate-exposed locations to move for work does not, on its own, advance climate justice. To gain insights into the nexus of climate justice, labour migration and adaptation, this paper explores the social and emotional experiences of international labour migration program participants from climate-vulnerable Tuvalu as well as the emergent climate mobility regime in which this migration is taking place, drawing on qualitative research undertaken on the emergent policy context, and with workers from Tuvalu on short-term contracts under Australia’s Pacific Labour Scheme (PLS). Their experiences, their perceptions of climate change, and their role as livelihood earners for families are explored to consider issues of climate justice in understanding labour migration as adaptation in the current policy context. While the workers benefited economically, they experienced significant social and emotional issues including poor mental health and family breakdown during their time working abroad, in addition to long-term climate change concerns. Further, the labour mobility program in which they participated does not recognize migration-as-adaptation or climate justice, even though these are an emergent priority in the climate mobility regime. This highlights the need to consider how international labour migration programs can be strengthened to advance climate justice for climate vulnerable populations on the move.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125285264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Everyday limits to adaptation 适应的日常限制

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgab013

Karen Paiva Henrique, P. Tschakert

{"title":"Everyday limits to adaptation","authors":"Karen Paiva Henrique, P. Tschakert","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgab013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgab013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adaptation to climate change, in terms of both academic and policy debates, has been treated predominantly as a local issue. This scalar focus points towards local agency as well as the contested responsibilisation of local actors and potential disconnects with higher-level dynamics. While there are growing calls for individuals to take charge of their own lives against mounting climatic forces, little is known about the day-to-day actions people take, the many hurdles, barriers, and limits they encounter in their adaptation choices, and the trade-offs they consider envisaging the future. To address this gap, this article draws on 80+ interviews with urban and rural residents in Western Australia to offer a nuanced analysis of everyday climate adaptation and its limits. Our findings demonstrate that participants are facing significant adaptation barriers and that, for many, these barriers already constitute limits to what they can do to protect what they value most. They also make visible how gender, age, and socioeconomic status shape individual preferences, choices, and impediments, revealing compounding layers of disadvantage and differential vulnerability. We argue that slow and reflexive research is needed to understand what adaptation limits matter and to whom and identify opportunities to harness and support local action. Only then will we be able to surmount preconceived neoliberal ideals of the self-sufficient, resilient subject, engage meaningfully with ontological pluralism, and contribute to the re-politicisation of adaptation decision making.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114843592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Net economic benefits of well-below 2°C scenarios and associated uncertainties 远低于2°C情景的净经济效益及相关的不确定性

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgac003

L. Drouet, V. Bosetti, M. Tavoni

{"title":"Net economic benefits of well-below 2°C scenarios and associated uncertainties","authors":"L. Drouet, V. Bosetti, M. Tavoni","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgac003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgac003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate stabilization pathways reviewed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change depict the transformation challenges and opportunities of a low carbon world. The scenarios provide information about the transition, including its economic repercussions. However, these calculations do not account for the economic benefits of lowering global temperature; thus, only gross policy costs are reported and discussed. Here, we show how to combine low carbon pathways’ mitigation costs with the growing but complex literature quantifying the economic damages of climate change. We apply the framework to the scenarios reviewed in the Special Report on 1.5°C of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Under a probabilistic damage function and climate uncertainty, we show that Paris-compliant trajectories have net present economic benefits but are not statistically different from zero. After mid-century, most scenarios have higher benefits than costs; these net benefits are most prominent in developing countries. We explore the robustness of results to an extensive set of damage functions published in the literature, and for most of the specifications examined, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of net benefits. Future research could improve these results with a better understanding of damage functions with greater coverage of damages and including adaptation and its cost.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"1992 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125521101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A review of West African monsoon penetration during Green Sahara periods; implications for human evolution and dispersals over the last three million years 绿色撒哈拉时期西非季风渗透的研究进展对过去300万年人类进化和分散的影响

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgab011

J. Larrasoaña

{"title":"A review of West African monsoon penetration during Green Sahara periods; implications for human evolution and dispersals over the last three million years","authors":"J. Larrasoaña","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgab011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgab011","url":null,"abstract":"Green Sahara periods (GSPs) represent episodes during which the present-day Sahara was transformed into a savannah in response to intensification of the West African monsoon (WAM). Although GSPs might have dramatically altered the size, structure, and connectivity of human populations in Africa and nearby regions of Asia, their significance for human evolution remains unknown due to the problems involved in gauging the penetration of the WAM over the Sahara at evolutionary timescales. Here I reanalyse monsoon run-off and dust records back to 3 million years ago from Eastern Mediterranean ODP Site 967, and assimilate them with North African palaeoenvironmental data to substantiate penetration of the WAM front during GSPs to latitudes beyond 28°N. These results, coupled with demographic and ecological data for modern hunter-gatherers, point to a significant expansion of human populations during GSPs compared with background desert conditions. Given the clustering of GSPs around long-term maxima in the eccentricity of the Earth´s orbit, I propose that recurrent periods of human population expansion driven by GSPs led to an increased number of favourable mutations. Along with environmental factors favourable for triggering epigenetic changes, this might have led to the rise in enhanced phenotypic plasticity that underpins the speciation of hominin lineages at times of high climate variability envisaged by the variability selection hypothesis. Clustering of GSPs around the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary, simultaneously with a protracted period of wetter conditions in East Africa and the Sinai Peninsula, further suggests that the initial colonization of Eurasia by hominins occurred circa 2.6 Ma, much earlier than typically considered.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation 太阳能地球工程治理:有远见的联盟形成的动态框架

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2021-09-15 DOI: 10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010

Daniel Heyen, Jere Lehtomaa

{"title":"Solar Geoengineering Governance: A Dynamic Framework of Farsighted Coalition Formation","authors":"Daniel Heyen, Jere Lehtomaa","doi":"10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgab010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate interventions with solar geoengineering could reduce climate damages if deployed in a globally coordinated regime. In the absence of such a regime, however, strategic incentives of single actors might result in detrimental outcomes. A well-known concern is that a \"free-driver\" (Weitzman 2015), the country with the strongest preference for cooling, might unilaterally set the global thermostat to its preferred level, thus imposing damages on others. Governance structures, i.e. more or less formal institutional arrangements between countries, could steer the decentralized geoengineering deployment towards the preferable global outcome. In this paper, we show that the coalition formation literature (an excellent summary is Ray & Vohra 2015) can make a valuable contribution to assessing the relative merit of different governance schemes. An important feature of the coalition formation literature is the sophisticated dynamic structure. A country pondering whether to leave a coalition anticipates that its departure could spark another process of disintegration among the remaining members of that coalition, which in turn may affect the assessment of whether leaving the coalition is worthwhile in the first place. This dynamic structure thus enables a more realistic picture of what coalitions are likely to form and remain stable. A second important feature of coalition formation models is wide control over the \"rules of the game\", for instance, which agents need to consent to a transition from one coalitional arrangement to another. This control over the institutional setting allows consistently comparing and discussing various international governance arrangements.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114764425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Prey selection of polar bears in Foxe Basin, NU, Canada: evidence of dietary flexibility in a specialized predator 加拿大福克斯盆地北极熊的猎物选择:一种特殊捕食者饮食灵活性的证据

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB002

Melissa P. Galicia, G. Thiemann, M. Dyck, S. Ferguson, I. Stirling

{"title":"Prey selection of polar bears in Foxe Basin, NU, Canada: evidence of dietary flexibility in a specialized predator","authors":"Melissa P. Galicia, G. Thiemann, M. Dyck, S. Ferguson, I. Stirling","doi":"10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ecological flexibility of a species reflects its ability to cope with environmental change. Although polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing changes in foraging opportunities due to sea ice loss, regional prey availability and environmental conditions will influence the rate and severity of these effects. We examined changes in polar bear diet and the influence of sea ice characteristics in Foxe Basin over an 18-year period. We combined previous fatty acid data from bears harvested from 1999 to 2003 (n = 82) with additional data from 2010 to 2018 (n = 397). Polar bear diets were diverse; however, ringed seal (Pusa hispida) was the primary prey throughout the sample period. Prey contribution varied temporally and spatially, and by intrinsic factors, while the frequency of prey in diets varied over time suggesting that diet estimates reflect the variability in available prey. Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), although still a minor dietary component, has more than doubled in frequency of occurrence in diets in recent years in association with increased scavenging opportunities. Higher dietary levels of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) were linked to later breakup date suggesting heavier ice conditions may promote access to both prey species. The flexible foraging strategies of bears in Foxe Basin may help mitigate their vulnerability to changes in prey distribution and habitat conditions. Our results provide insights into the importance of alternative and supplemental food sources for polar bears during phenological changes in ice conditions that will likely have consequences to Arctic community structure as warming continues.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The role of negative emissions in meeting China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal 负排放在实现中国2060年碳中和目标中的作用

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB004

J. Fuhrman, A. Clarens, H. Mcjeon, P. Patel, Yang Ou, S. Doney, William M. Shobe, Shreekar Pradhan

{"title":"The role of negative emissions in meeting China’s 2060 carbon neutrality goal","authors":"J. Fuhrman, A. Clarens, H. Mcjeon, P. Patel, Yang Ou, S. Doney, William M. Shobe, Shreekar Pradhan","doi":"10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFCLM/KGAB004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 China’s pledge to reach carbon neutrality before 2060 is an ambitious goal and could provide the world with much-needed leadership on how to limit warming to +1.5°C warming above preindustrial levels by the end of the century. But the pathways that would achieve net zero by 2060 are still unclear, including the role of negative emissions technologies. We use the Global Change Analysis Model to simulate how negative emissions technologies, in general, and direct air capture (DAC) in particular, could contribute to China’s meeting this target. Our results show that negative emissions could play a large role, offsetting on the order of 3 GtCO2 per year from difficult-to-mitigate sectors, such as freight transportation and heavy industry. This includes up to a 1.6 GtCO2 per year contribution from DAC, constituting up to 60% of total projected negative emissions in China. But DAC, like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation, has not yet been demonstrated anywhere approaching the scales required to meaningfully contribute to climate mitigation. Deploying NETs at these scales will have widespread impacts on financial systems and natural resources, such as water, land and energy in China.","PeriodicalId":225090,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Open Climate Change","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132080637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Enhancing natural cycles in agro-ecosystems to boost plant carbon capture and soil storage 加强农业生态系统的自然循环，促进植物碳捕获和土壤储存

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202012.0397.v1

W. Buss, Kirsty Yeates, E. Rohling, J. Borevitz

引用次数: 5

Knowing Behavior Matters Doesn’t Hurt: The Effect of Individual Climate Behavior Messaging on Green Policy Support 知道行为无关紧要:个人气候行为信息对绿色政策支持的影响

Oxford Open Climate Change Pub Date : 2020-02-20 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/hu24g

Abdurakhim Rakhimov, Erik Thulin

引用次数: 0