The British Journal of Psychiatry最新文献_第8页

Childhood psychosocial adjustment and midlife obesity, diabetes and hypertension: prospective study from two birth cohorts 童年社会心理适应与中年肥胖症、糖尿病和高血压：两个出生队列的前瞻性研究

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.133

Lin Liu, Kevin Chun Hei Wu, Anping Cai, Aimin Xu, Bernard M. Y. Cheung

{"title":"Childhood psychosocial adjustment and midlife obesity, diabetes and hypertension: prospective study from two birth cohorts","authors":"Lin Liu, Kevin Chun Hei Wu, Anping Cai, Aimin Xu, Bernard M. Y. Cheung","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2024.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2024.133","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundUnderstanding how childhood psychosocial adjustment (CPA) influences later life health outcomes is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs).AimsTo investigate the association between CPA and incident CMDs in mid-life, and the mediating roles of educational attainment, smoking habits and depression during young adulthood.MethodA prospective cohort study utilised data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS; 1958–2013) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70; 1970–2018), encompassing 22 012 participants assessed for CPA in childhood, who were subsequently evaluated for educational attainment, smoking habits and depression in young adulthood, followed by assessments for CMDs in mid-life. CPA was assessed using the Bristol Social Adjustment Guides in the NCDS and the Rutter Child Behaviour Scale in the BCS70, with higher scores indicating poorer psychosocial adjustment. The primary outcomes were the mid-life incidences of hypertension, diabetes and obesity.ResultsCompared with children in the lowest tertile for CPA scores, those in the middle tertile had an adjusted odds ratio for hypertension of 0.98 (95% CI 0.90–1.06), whereas those in the highest tertile had an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.08–1.26). For diabetes, the corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.15 (0.98–1.35) and 1.39 (1.19–1.62). For obesity, the corresponding odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.08 (1.00–1.16) and 1.18 (1.09–1.27). These associations were partially mediated by educational attainment (2.4–13.9%) and depression during young adulthood (2.5–14.9%).ConclusionsPoorer CPA is correlated with the development of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in mid-life. Interventions aimed at improving CPA may help in reducing the burden of these diseases in later life.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating inequalities in patient outcomes for first-episode psychosis 调查首发精神病患者治疗结果的不平等现象

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.132

Dasha Nicholls, Jobie Budd, Philippa Nunn, Paul French, Jo Smith, Veenu Gupta, Jonathan Holdship, Alan Quirk

{"title":"Investigating inequalities in patient outcomes for first-episode psychosis","authors":"Dasha Nicholls, Jobie Budd, Philippa Nunn, Paul French, Jo Smith, Veenu Gupta, Jonathan Holdship, Alan Quirk","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2024.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2024.132","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundUnderstanding inequalities in outcomes between demographic groups is a necessary step in addressing them in clinical care. Inequalities in treatment uptake between demographic groups may explain disparities in outcomes in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP).AimsTo investigate disparities between broad demographic groups in symptomatic improvement in patients with FEP and their relationship to treatment uptake.MethodWe used data from 6813 patients from the 2021–2022 National Clinical Audit of Psychosis data-set. Data were grouped by category type to obtain mean outcomes before adjustment to see whether disparities in outcomes remained after differences in treatment uptake had been accounted for. After matching, the average effect of each demographic variable in terms of outcome change was calculated. Moderator effects on specific treatments were investigated using interaction terms in a regression model.ResultsObservational results showed that patients aged 18–24 years were less likely to improve in outcome, unless adjusted for intervention uptake. Patients classified as Black and Black British were less likely to improve in outcome (moderation effect 0.04, 95% CI 0–0.07) after adjusting for treatment take-up and demographic factors. Regression analysis showed the general positive effect of supported employment interventions in improving outcomes (coefficient −0.13, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.18, P < 0.001), and moderator analysis suggested targeting particular groups for interventions.ConclusionsInequalities in treatment uptake and psychotic symptom outcome of FEP by social and demographic factors require monitoring over time. Our analysis provides a framework for monitoring health inequalities across national clinical audits in the UK.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controversies in trauma- and stress-related disorders 创伤和压力相关疾病的争议

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.147

Andreas Maercker, Chris R Brewin

引用次数: 0

Maternal mental disorders and neonatal outcomes: Danish population-based cohort study 产妇精神障碍与新生儿预后：丹麦人群队列研究

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.164

Natalie C. Momen, Hannah Chatwin, Katrine Holde, Xiaoqin Liu, Trine Munk-Olsen, Kathrine Bang Madsen, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen

{"title":"Maternal mental disorders and neonatal outcomes: Danish population-based cohort study","authors":"Natalie C. Momen, Hannah Chatwin, Katrine Holde, Xiaoqin Liu, Trine Munk-Olsen, Kathrine Bang Madsen, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2024.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2024.164","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated associations between maternal mental disorders and adverse birth outcomes; however, these studies mainly focus on certain types of mental disorders, rather than the whole spectrum.AimsWe aimed to conduct a broad study examining all maternal mental disorder types and adverse neonatal outcomes which is needed to provide a more complete understanding of the associations.MethodWe included 1 132 757 liveborn singletons born between 1997 and 2015 in Denmark. We compared children of mothers with a past (>2 years prior to conception; n = 48 646), recent (2 years prior to conception and during pregnancy; n = 15 899) or persistent (both past and recent; n = 10 905) diagnosis of any mental disorder, with children of mothers with no mental disorder diagnosis before the index delivery (n = 1 057 307). We also considered different types of mental disorders. We calculated odds ratios and 95% CIs of low birthweight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, Caesarean delivery and neonatal death.ResultsOdds ratios for children exposed to past, recent and persistent maternal mental disorders suggested an increased risk for almost all adverse neonatal outcomes. Estimates were highest for children in the ‘persistent’ group for all outcomes, with the exception of the association between persistent maternal mental disorders and neonatal death (odds ratio 0.96, 0.62–1.48).ConclusionsOur study provides evidence for increased risk of multiple adverse neonatal outcomes among children of mothers with mental disorders, highlighting the need for close monitoring and support for women with mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial disparities influence access and outcomes in talking therapies 种族差异影响谈话疗法的使用和效果

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.174

J. S. Bamrah, Sam Rodger, Habib Naqvi

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Taming the Chimaera–Hydra: disconnecting from the net to fortify our mental health 驯服 Chimaera-Hydra：断开网络连接，加强心理健康

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.159

Konstantinos Ioannidis, Naomi A. Fineberg, Samuel R. Chamberlain

引用次数: 0

Racism in psychiatry and the case of presentism 精神病学中的种族主义和现世主义案例

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.171

Rina Arya

引用次数: 0

Chronopsychiatry 慢性精神病学

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.81

Daniel J. Smith, Elise McGlashan, John Gottlieb, Nicholas Meyer, Matt W. Jones

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Artificial intelligence and cybercrime: implications for individuals and the healthcare sector 人工智能与网络犯罪：对个人和医疗保健行业的影响

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.77

Scott Monteith, Tasha Glenn, John R. Geddes, Eric D. Achtyes, Peter C. Whybrow, Michael Bauer

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary theory can advance and revitalise the biopsychosocial model 进化论可以推进和振兴生物心理社会模式

The British Journal of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.87

Riadh Abed, Adam Hunt, Paul St John-Smith

引用次数: 0