The Histochemical Journal最新文献_第3页

Nitric oxide synthase isozymes antibodies. 一氧化氮合酶同工酶抗体。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

J S Pollock, U Förstermann, W R Tracey, M Nakane

{"title":"Nitric oxide synthase isozymes antibodies.","authors":"J S Pollock, U Förstermann, W R Tracey, M Nakane","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Three isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been identified, cDNAs isolated and sequenced, and antibodies produced against each isozyme. Isozyme I (found primarily in central and peripheral neuronal cells), II (in cytokine-induced cells), and III (in endothelial cells) show less than 58% identity in the deduced amino acid sequences from humans. Many investigators have produced isozyme-specific antibodies and used these antibodies to locate these proteins in various cells and tissues. NOS-I is constitutively expressed, and the enzymatic activity is regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. The anti-NOS-I antibodies have allowed investigators to characterize non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurons as nitrergic neurons, revealed NOS-I immunoreactivity in neurons and macula densa cells of the kidney and pancreatic islet cells, human skeletal muscle, and to demonstrate that various structures within the brain and spinal cord contain NOS-I. NOS-II is not regulated by Ca2+ and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis and autoimmune diseases. The anti-NOS-II antibodies have localized this isoform to infiltrating macrophages in pancreatic islets of diabetic rats, infiltrating macrophages and myocytes of a transplant heart model in rats, various cell types in bacterially and endotoxin-treated rats, alveolar macrophages in areas of inflammation in humans, and vascular smooth muscle cells of human atherosclerotic aneurysm. Isoform III is similar to NOS-I in that it is constitutively expressed and regulated by Ca2+ and calmodulin. Anti-NOS-III antibodies have found that this isoform is relatively specific for endothelial cells.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19555787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitric oxide synthase in invertebrates. 无脊椎动物中的一氧化氮合酶。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

A Martínez

引用次数: 0

Histochemical methods for detecting nitric oxide synthase. 一氧化氮合酶检测的组织化学方法。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

J E Beesley

{"title":"Histochemical methods for detecting nitric oxide synthase.","authors":"J E Beesley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS), can be visualized in cells and tissues by NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Histochemical demonstration of NADPH-d shows the formazan final reaction product as a solid blue deposit. The ultrastructural localization of NADPH-d in the rat hippocampus showed an electron-dense deposit on membranes predominantly of the endoplasmic reticulum. The immunohistochemical demonstration of nNOS, using the nickel enhancement technique, shows positive reaction product over the dendrites and the soma of the nerve cell in the rat brain. Ultrastructural localization of nNOS in whole mount preparations of myenteric plexus and circular smooth muscle from guinea-pig ileum shows that NOS immunoreactivity was patchily distributed in myenteric neurones and was not specifically associated with any intracellular organelles or with plasma membranes. In situ hybridization, using radio-labelled probes, was used to study nNOS mRNA in lumbar dorsal root ganglia after peripheral transection of the sciatic nerve in rats. Labelling of the NOS mRNA-positive neurones is observed as a series of dense granules over the entire cell. NADPH-d histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization each have a significant role to play in the localization of NOS. NADPH-d detects an enzyme associated with the NOS molecule, immunocytochemistry detects the NOS molecule, and in situ hybridization detects mRNA for NOS. Therefore, if each of these techniques is applied in carefully controlled experiments, consideration of the accumulated data should be valuable in revealing insights into the biology of NOS.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19555789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the respiratory tract of the frog, Rana temporaria. 临时蛙呼吸道神经元一氧化氮合酶免疫反应性。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

M E Bodegas, A C Villaro, L M Montuenga, S Moncada, V Riveros-Moreno, P Sesma

{"title":"Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the respiratory tract of the frog, Rana temporaria.","authors":"M E Bodegas, A C Villaro, L M Montuenga, S Moncada, V Riveros-Moreno, P Sesma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological and histochemical studies have recently supported the notion that nitric oxide (NO) is the transduction signal responsible for the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxation of the vasculature as well as the airways of the mammalian lung. We report the presence of immunoreactivity to NO synthase (NOS) in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in the neural plexus of the buccal cavity and lungs of the frog, Rana temporaria, using the indirect immunocytochemical technique of avidin-biotin and the NADPH-diaphorase technique. The neural ganglia located next to the muscle layer and within the connective tissue of the buccal cavity were partially immunoreactive for NOS. In the lungs, NOS immunoreactivity occurred in nerve cell bodies, as well as in both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres. Fine nerve fibres immunoreactive to NOS were observed within the muscle fibre bundles and next to the respiratory epithelium. Both the presence of NOS immunoreactivity and the positive histochemical reaction for NADPH-diaphorase in the neural plexus of amphibian respiratory tract suggests a broad evolutionary role for NO as a peripheral neurotransmitter.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19555704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The histochemistry of NOS. NOS的组织化学。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

J Rodrigo, R Martinez-Murillo, J E Beesley

引用次数: 0

Histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system. 神经系统一氧化氮合酶的组织化学。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

D Blottner, Z Grozdanovic, R Gossrau

{"title":"Histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system.","authors":"D Blottner, Z Grozdanovic, R Gossrau","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide synthase, which generates the physiological messenger molecule nitric oxide, and its associated NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) activity are distributed throughout selective neuronal populations of the central and peripheral nervous system. Considerable evidence has been accumulated to indicate that NADPHd activity labels cells lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase, i.e., the specificity of the reaction has to be considered for the reliable detection of the enzyme in neuronal but also non-neuronal tissue. In the present review, critical aspects of nitric oxide synthase visualization in neurones, using its NADPHd activity, are discussed. Furthermore, the organization of the central and peripheral nitric oxide synthase-containing neuronal systems is described. Nitric oxide synthase is present in local cortical and striatal neurones, hypothalamic magnocellular neurones, mesopontine cholinergic neurones, cerebellar interneurones, preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones, neurones in parasympathetic autonomic and enteric ganglia and primary viscero-afferent neurones. Finally, injury-related alterations in nitric oxide synthase activity are briefly outlined. In this respect, the histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase may represent a valuable marker for neurochemical, if not structural, alterations observed in neural diseases, regeneration and transplantation.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19555705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in rat parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory ganglia: a comparative study. 大鼠副交感神经、交感神经和感觉神经节含一氧化氮合酶神经元的比较研究。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

P Alm, B Uvelius, J Ekström, B Holmqvist, B Larsson, K E Andersson

{"title":"Nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in rat parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory ganglia: a comparative study.","authors":"P Alm, B Uvelius, J Ekström, B Holmqvist, B Larsson, K E Andersson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In rats, the distribution of nerve structures staining for NADPH-diaphorase, and showing immunoreactivities for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tyrosine hydroxylase and various neuropeptides was studied in sensory ganglia (dorsal root, nodose and trigeminal ganglia), in sympathetic ganglia (superior cervical, stellate, coeliac-superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia), parasympathetic ganglia (sphenopalatine, submandibular, sublingual and otic ganglia), and in the mixed parasympathetic/sympathetic ganglia (major pelvic ganglia). The coincidence of neuronal cell bodies with strong NOS-immunoreactivity and strong NADPH diaphorase reactivity was almost total. The relative proportions of NOS-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were largest in parasympathetic ganglia and major pelvic ganglia followed by sensory ganglia. In sympathetic ganglia no NOS-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies could be detected. In parasympathetic and major pelvic ganglia, there was a very significant neuronal co-localization of immunoreactivities for NOS and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). This was almost total in major pelvic ganglia, in which NOS-/VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were separate from sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase-/neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive), suggesting that NOS-/VIP-immuno-reactive neurons might also be parasympathetic.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19555707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitric oxide in physiology and pathology. 一氧化氮在生理学和病理学上的应用。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

B J Whittle

引用次数: 0

Studies on the localization and expression of nitric oxide synthase using histochemical techniques. 利用组织化学技术研究一氧化氮合酶的定位和表达。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-10-01

P J Norris, I G Charles, C A Scorer, P C Emson

引用次数: 0

Histochemistry of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase using dysprosium as capturing reagent. 肌浆网ca - atp酶的组织化学。

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1995-09-01

W J van der Laarse, P van Noort, W S Simonides, P C Diegenbach, M B Lee-de Groot, C van Hardeveld

{"title":"Histochemistry of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase using dysprosium as capturing reagent.","authors":"W J van der Laarse, P van Noort, W S Simonides, P C Diegenbach, M B Lee-de Groot, C van Hardeveld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes the development of a histochemical method for the demonstration of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activity in cross-sections of skeletal muscle. The demonstration of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activity is complicated by the fact that capturing reagents for phosphate inhibit the enzyme. We present a minimal model for heavy-metal-phosphate precipitation reactions which gives a theoretical description of the effect of enzyme inhibition on the rate of phosphate precipitation in the section. The model indicates that the choice of capturing reagent is crucial: whether or not ATPase activity can be demonstrated depends mainly on the inhibition constant and the solubility product of the phosphate salt of the capturing reagent (but also on a fairly large number of other factors). All lanthanides tested can be used to demonstrate sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activity, but dysprosium results in the highest staining intensity. This suggests that dysprosium inhibits sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase to a lesser degree than the other lanthanides and/or the solubility product of its phosphate salt is smaller. As an example, the method is used to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activity in individual fibres of the rat soleus muscle.","PeriodicalId":22439,"journal":{"name":"The Histochemical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19536799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0