The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care最新文献

{"title":"Concerns on future fertility among users and past-users of combined oral contraceptives: a questionnaire survey","authors":"S. K. Landersoe, K. Petersen, D. Vassard, E. Larsen, H. S. Nielsen, A. Pinborg, B. Nøhr, A. Nyboe Andersen, L. Schmidt","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2019.1639659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2019.1639659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: The combined oral contraceptive pill is the most preferred contraceptive method worldwide. Despite high life-time prevalence of infertility of 16–26%, scarce data about concerns of future fertility among COC users are available. We aimed to study whether COC usage induces concerns about fertility. Methods: Online questionnaire-based survey included 1283 current COC users and 1006 past users. The questionnaire covered knowledge and concerns of various aspects of fertility with respect to COC usage. Results: Significantly, more current users (66%) than past users (52%) had considered whether or not COC usage could affect future fertility (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–1.9). Nearly 50% of both groups believed COC usage could impair conception rates after discontinuation. Furthermore, 28% current vs. 19% past users believed COC could diminish the ovarian reserve more permanently. Conversely, 14% current and 11% past users believed that lack of ovulation could ‘spare’ the eggs (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.3). Significantly fewer current users (22%) vs. past users (35%) had heard, primarily by female friends, that a short break of 1–2 months during long-term COC usage was healthy, (OR 0.72, 95%CI = 0.56–0.92). Conclusions: Health care professionals prescribing hormonal contraception should be aware of misapprehensions and concerns of fertility among users of COC.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"14 1","pages":"347 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82426525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The legal and non-legal barriers to abortion access in Australia: a review of the evidence","authors":"C. de Moel-Mandel, J. Shelley","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1276162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1276162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: In Australia, about one in four pregnancies results in an induced abortion. The termination of a pregnancy is still, however, a criminal act in most jurisdictions, and access to abortion is not without barriers. This paper analyses existing access barriers and their implications. Methods: Databases and the grey literature were searched for publications that examined any legal and/or non-legal abortion access barrier applicable to Australia (2000–2016). Only those barriers that had been demonstrated to be the most restrictive were included and categorised. Results: From the initial 410 studies, only 20 publications were identified that matched the inclusion criteria. They indicated that access barriers do indeed exist in Australia. In many parts of Australia, abortion is only legal under strict conditions. Relatively strong evidence was found on the limited abortion access of rural women and of an imminent shortage in the provision of late abortions. For other barriers only limited research evidence existed, or merely opinions were expressed. Very few studies were undertaken to link barriers to outcomes. Conclusion: Although this review can form a base for the national improvement of abortion access, the gap found in Australian research demonstrates a need for additional studies.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"114 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83576265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why a biopsychosocial approach is needed when studying the sexual effects of hormonal contraception","authors":"E. Elaut","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2017.1280153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2017.1280153","url":null,"abstract":"Approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of the first oral contraceptive (OC) on 9 May 1960 stirred both public and scientific debate. Initially, concerns regarding the sexual effects on women were limited. Even today, despite decades of widespread use of OCs by over 100 million women worldwide, it is astonishing how little we know about the effects of hormonal contraception on women’s sexuality. In the late 1980s, the human reproduction programme of the World Health Organization (WHO) appointed John Bancroft to conduct a series of studies into OC use and sexual health [1–4]. This short paper discusses the three main conclusions of these studies, supplemented by recent additions to the field, to show why research in this area requires a biopsychosocial approach. To be able to put studies on OC use and female sexual desire (also termed sexual interest or sexual motivation) into perspective, we refer to a leading theoretical, biopsychosocial model called the incentive motivation model [5] (Figure 1), in which it is stated that sexual desire, or sexual motivation (in both women and men), is the result of a complex, layered process. According to the model, sexual desire typically emerges when a functional ‘sexual system’ (influenced by receptors, sex steroids, genetic sensitivity, etc.) is activated by an internal or external stimulus that is sexually meaningful to the individual concerned. This stimulus can be visual, olfactory or otherwise, and its valence depends on the sexual memory (attitudes, norms and previous sexual experiences) of the person (Figure 1). For example, some individuals will find a certain smell or sound sexually stimulating, since it reminds them of earlier positive experiences with that smell or sound, in their personal memory associated with a sexual reward. This same stimulus can be experienced as neutral or even negative by another person, depending on the specific associations in that person’s sexual memory [5].","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"156 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abortion services at hospitals in Istanbul","authors":"M. O'Neil","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1276163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1276163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Despite the existence of a liberal law on abortion in Turkey, there is growing evidence that actually securing an abortion in Istanbul may prove difficult. This study aimed to determine whether or not state hospitals and private hospitals that accept state health insurance in Istanbul are providing abortion services and for what indications. Method: Between October and December 2015, a mystery patient telephone survey of 154 hospitals, 43 public and 111 private, in Istanbul was conducted. Results: 14% of the state hospitals in Istanbul perform abortions without restriction as to reason provided in the current law while 60% provide the service if there is a medical necessity. A quarter of state hospitals in Istanbul do not provide abortion services at all. 48.6% of private hospitals that accept the state health insurance also provide for abortion without restriction while 10% do not provide abortion services under any circumstances. Key conclusions: State and private hospitals in Istanbul are not providing abortion services to the full extent allowed under the law. The low numbers of state hospitals offering abortions without restriction indicates a de facto privatization of the service. This same trend is also visible in many private hospitals partnering with the state that do not provide abortion care. While many women may choose a private provider, the lack of provision of abortion care at state hospitals and those private hospitals working with the state leaves women little option but to purchase these services from private providers at some times subtantial costs.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"86 1","pages":"88 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73975949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum adolescents’ contraceptive counselling preferences","authors":"Stephanie Sober, J. Shea, Allison Shaber, P. Whittaker, C. Schreiber","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1269161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1269161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The optimal approach for provision and timing of postpartum contraceptive counselling for adolescents has not been established. To reduce repeat pregnancies from current USA levels of nearly 20%, a better understanding is needed of postpartum adolescent females’ preferences regarding contraceptive counselling and delivery. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 30 USA postpartum teens (97% Black) explored pregnancy prevention and contraceptive counselling. Transcripts were independently coded by two researchers and inter-rater reliability calculated using Kappa coefficients. With a standard content analysis approach, common themes were identified, coded and summarized. Results: Findings indicated pregnancy prevention was important – two thirds of subjects reported becoming pregnant ‘too soon’, almost all did not desire another child for at least 6 years and most indicated that pregnancy prevention was either ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ important right now. The subjects described doctors and their prenatal clinic as their most accurate sources of contraception information, but stated that doctors and parents were the most helpful sources. All were comfortable discussing contraception with providers and had a desire for shared decision making. While many had received written materials, most preferred in-person contraceptive counselling. Optimally, participants suggested that contraceptive counselling would be provided by a physician, begin antepartum and almost all preferred to leave the hospital with their chosen method of contraception. Conclusions: Pregnancy prevention is important for postpartum adolescents as most desired to delay future childbearing. In-person contraceptive counselling should begin in the antepartum period and include provision of contraception prior to discharge.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"74 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90185545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contraceptive counselling of women seeking abortion – a qualitative interview study of health professionals’ experiences","authors":"H. Kilander, B. Salomonsson, J. Thor, J. Brynhildsen, Siw Alehagen","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1238892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1238892","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: A substantial proportion of women who undergo an abortion continue afterwards without switching to more effective contraceptive use. Many subsequently have repeat unintended pregnancies. This study, therefore, aimed to identify and describe health professionalś experiences of providing contraceptive counselling to women seeking an abortion. Methods: We interviewed 21 health professionals (HPs), involved in contraceptive counselling of women seeking abortion at three differently sized hospitals in Sweden. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: Three clusters were identified: ‘Complex counselling’, ‘Elements of counselling’ and ‘Finding a method’. HPs often experienced consultations including contraceptive counselling at the time of an abortion as complex, covering both pregnancy termination and contraceptive counselling. Women with vulnerabilities placed even greater demands on the HPs providing counselling. The HPs varied in their approaches when providing contraceptive counselling but also in their knowledge about certain contraception methods. HPs described challenges in finding out if women had found an effective method and in the practicalities of arranging intrauterine device (IUD) insertion post-abortion, when a woman asked for this method. Conclusions: HPs found it challenging to provide contraceptive counselling at the time of an abortion and to arrange access to IUDs post-abortion. There is a need to improve their counselling, their skills and their knowledge to prevent repeat unintended pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"2 1","pages":"10 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76928218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone on menstrual-related symptoms: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"R. B. Machado, L. Pompei, M. Badalotti, R. Ferriani, A. Cruz, Eliana Nahas, H. Maia","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1239077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1239077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy for menstrual-related symptoms of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in comparison with a 24/4 d cyclical regimen of the same formulation. Methods: This randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, multicentre study was conducted in women aged 18–39 years. Their menstrual-related symptoms were assessed using the Penn Daily Symptom Rating (DSR17). Participants were randomised to use an extended flexible regimen of 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (EE/DRSPe.flex), comprising 168 consecutive days with a 4-d hormone-free interval (HFI, allowing for management of unexpected bleeding) or a conventional 24/4 cyclical regimen of the same pill (EE/DRSP24/4). The primary measure of efficacy was the percentage change in DSR17 total score from baseline to cycle 6. The secondary measures of efficacy were the percentage changes in DSR17 total score from baseline after each 28-d interval throughout the entire study and in the scores for individual DSR17 symptoms. Results: The primary analysis demonstrated that EE/DRSPe.flex was not inferior to EE/DRSP24/4 (Mean DSR17 score 9.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 2.5, 20.6; p = 0.123). Analysis at intervals throughout the entire evaluation period showed greater reduction in DSR17 total score for EE/DRSPe.flex than for the 24/4 regimen (p < 0.001). The decreases in individual scores for the symptoms ‘poor coordination’ and ‘depression/feeling sad/down or blue’ were greater for the extended flexible regimen than for the cyclical regimen (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The extended flexible regimen was not inferior to the 24/4 cyclical regimen in terms of the primary endpoint. It significantly improved symptoms in the interval analysis, and the effects on specific DSR17 symptoms, compared with the cyclical regimen.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"29 1","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why prevention of repeat abortion is so challenging: psychosocial characteristics of women at risk","authors":"B. Leeners, Simone Bieli, D. Huang, S. Tschudin","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1258053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1258053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Abortion rates have declined in recent decades; however, the rate of repeat abortion remains high. In order to identify keys to making efficient interventions against repeat abortion, our objectives were: to assess the percentage of repeat abortions in women opting for termination of pregnancy over a period of 1 year; to identify the risk factors for repeat abortion; and to assess the characteristics of women who opted for a further pregnancy termination despite having received standard post-abortion care. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey was carried out among 362 women who underwent pregnancy termination during a 1-year period. Women with and without repeat abortion were compared with regard to age, nationality, marital status, parity and use of contraception. In a subsample of 160 women who were available for follow-up over 4 years, those who underwent a further pregnancy termination during the observation period were also analysed qualitatively. Results: The rate of repeat abortion was 30.1% in the survey population. Age and immigrant status were identified as risk factors. The use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) was significantly higher after repeat abortion than after a first termination of pregnancy. Among women with repeat abortion in the follow-up group, those with psychological problems tended to discontinue contraception and those with partnership conflicts were prone to using unreliable contraceptive methods. Conclusion: Aside from promoting LARC methods, strategies to reduce repeat abortion should consider the psychosocial risk factors and characteristics of women at risk identified in this study. An interdisciplinary approach including social care and counselling would be the most appropriate means to enable this.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"19 1","pages":"38 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91115514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dishonourable disobedience of not providing abortion","authors":"Joyce H Arthur, C. Fiala, K. Gemzell Danielsson, O. Heikinheimo, Jens A Guðmundsson","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1250255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1250255","url":null,"abstract":"We thank Lesley Bacon for her response (‘Conscientious objection to abortion’, EJCRHC, 2016;21:5;414–415) to the papers in the June 2016 Journal on conscientious objection. As authors of one of these papers (‘Yes We Can! Successful examples of disallowing “conscientious objection” in reproductive health care’, EJCRHC, 2016;21:5:201–206), we would like to address the points she raises. We agree with Dr. Bacon that if we ever see the return of human rights violations like coercive contraception or eugenics, we will need HCPs with a conscience to be disobedient to such practices, and that would not be dishonourable. However, the type of conscientious objection that qualifies as ‘dishonourable disobedience’, is where an HCP refuses to provide a legal medical procedure that the patient requests and needs, not something imposed upon her. Also, providing a stigmatized or even illegal treatment that the patient requests and needs – such as safe abortion – is an act of ‘conscientious commitment’, a term coined by Canadian ethicist and legal scholar Dickens.[1] Refusing to provide a treatment that is harmful, coercive or done without patient consent, would be true conscientious objection (examples are torture or infant/child genital mutilation). Dr. Bacon also questions whether conscientious objection is really the main barrier to abortion care, when legal and organisational barriers are also major contributors. She points to examples of laws that reduce access, and also suggests that if abortion was done by a much wider range of HCPs, not just obstetricians/gynaecologists, this would greatly improve access. It is certainly true that abortion access is hampered by many legal and organisational barriers, and we agree that conscientious objection is not the only barrier, although it is a major problem in some regions and the hugely negative consequences for women cannot be ignored. Further, we would point out that most if not all barriers to abortion care are either the result of stigma (such as criminal laws), or are worsened by stigma, including how abortion practice tends to be limited to mostly obstetricians/gynaecologists. Expanding the field of abortion care to other HCPs such as nurses and midwives is a necessary and welcome reform, and has been shown to be safe, well accepted and cost effective, as implemented in Sweden.[2,3] However, making that happen is challenging in many countries because of abortion stigma and politics. While stigma negatively impacts almost every aspect of abortion care to some degree, ‘dishonourable disobedience’ is a form of full-blown, officially-approved stigma, which makes it particularly unsupportable, especially when abortion access is already curtailed by stigma in so many other ways.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"12 12 Pt 1 1","pages":"81 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90370861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis of knowledge and practices regarding sexual and reproductive health: a study among adolescent street girls in Kinshasa (DRC)","authors":"X. Vallès, Patrick Lunzayiladio Lusala, Hortense Devalière, Marie-Michele Metsia-Thiam, Daniel Aguilar, Anne-Laure Cheyron, Didier Cannet","doi":"10.1080/13625187.2016.1262023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2016.1262023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to ascertain the influence of knowledge and interventions in sexual and reproductive health and contraception practices among adolescent street girls from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among street girls between 12 and 21 years of age. A standardised questionnaire was used, encompassing socio-demographic data and knowledge and practices regarding sexual and reproductive health. A network analysis was carried out. Results: The study comprised 293 street girls. The mean age was 17.1 years (range 12–21 years) and the mean time spent living on the streets was 3.9 years (range 0–15 years). Commercial sex was reported by 78.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.3%, 83.2%) as the main source of their income. During their last sexual intercourse, 44.0% (95%CI 38.1%, 50.4%) had not used a condom; 29.3% (95%CI 23.3%, 35.9%) had used hormonal contraception. Previous pregnancy was reported by 62.5% (95%CI 56.7%, 68.3%) and current pregnancy by 12.3% (95%CI 8.8%, 17.2%); 24.5% of previous pregnancies ended in voluntary termination, with a higher rate among the youngest street girls (12–15 years, 50.0%; p = 0.01). Time spent living on the streets was independently associated with pregnancy (odds ratio 1.2; 95%CI 1.1, 1.4). Practices and outcomes (previous or current pregnancy) were poorly correlated with knowledge about sexual and reproductive health. The network analysis confirmed the poor influence of exposure to intervention activities on sexual and reproductive health practices and outcomes, but did confirm a centrality effect of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Street girls in Kinshasa are extremely vulnerable with regard to their sexual and reproductive health, especially the youngest street girls. Behavioural and biomedical interventions have had limited influence. Structural and societal changes are necessary to positively impact street girls’ sexual and reproductive health. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS than about risk of pregnancy had a greater influence on sexual and reproductive health practices.","PeriodicalId":22423,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care","volume":"76 1","pages":"62 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86713692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}