The Animal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic structure of the Ukrainian water buffalo population by ISSR-PCR markers","authors":"N. Mokhnachova","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"The study of intraspecific genetic diversity of cattle, including species of the genus Bubalus from the subfamily Bull, is important because of the reduction of biodiversity of farm animals. The basis of genetic diversity is its genetic component. The loss of native species and breeds of cattle is a real threat to the biosphere, as the resilience of natural ecosystems and agroecosystems is directly linked to their genetic ability to adapt to environmental conditions. Polymorphism of ISSR-markers of the Ukrainian population of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the farm of “TASBIO” LLC (Chernihiv region) was analyzed in 66 animals selected for the study. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from venous blood with a standard set of reagents. Genotyping was performed using specific ISSR primers: (ACC)6G, (GAG)6C, (AG)9C, (CTC)6C, (AG)8CA, (AG)8CGand (GA)6CC. We determined the difference in spectra both by the number of amplicons, their lengths (number of nucleotides) and by their polymorphism. As a result of the study, all primers showed polymorphism of buffalo DNA regions. Amplicons were defined in the range from 200 bp up to 4000 bp. Analysis of ISSR spectra revealed 87 loci, of which 71 were polymorphic. (AG)8CA-marker was the least polymorphic (PIC=0.234), (CTC)6C the most polymorphic (PIC=0.389). Conservative loci were found in four ISSR markers: 6 in (AG)8CA marker, 5 in (AG)8CG, 4 in (GA)6CC, and 1 in (AG)9C. 67 species-specific loci were identified for the Ukrainian water buffalo population: 10 for (AG)9C, 3 loci for (ACC)6G, 4 for (GAG)6C, 7 for (CTC)6C, 15 for (AG)8CA, and 14 in (AG)8CG and (GA)6CC. The ISSR primers used are recommended for molecular genetic analysis of buffalo DNA polymorphism.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74529024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoperiod-induced alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats of different ages and individual physiological reactivity","authors":"Kurhaluk N., Tkachenko H., Partyka T.","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to investigate the photoperiod- and age-related variability between the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers in rats with different physiological reactivity estimated by different resistance to hypoxia. The study was carried out on 96 male Wistar rats divided into 16 groups based on resistance to hypoxia (LR, low resistance, HR, high resistance) and age, i.e. 6 and 21 months. The studies were conducted at four photoperiod points: winter (January), spring (March), summer (July), and autumn (October). Lower levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (P<0.05) were observed in the younger rats when compared to older rats, as well as in HR rats compared to LR rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation end product, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as the major indicator of oxidative stress, were found to increase with age, and summer resulted in further elevation compared to other seasons. Also, oxidative stress biomarkers were lower (P<0.05) in winter than in other seasons, especially in the HR rats. TAC level in the hepatic tissue of the 6 months aged rats was significantly higher (P<0.05) elevated when compared to older rats. A similar higher TAC level was in the hepatic tissue of HR rats compared to the LR rats. The adult rats with HR maintained TAC with minimal fluctuations throughout the year. It should be noted that the difference in TAC was higher for the groups of the adult animals with HR in winter, spring, and summer, which may indicate effective mechanisms preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species and systems of elimination thereof.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78599629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germanium compounds and their role in animal body","authors":"R. Fedoruk, I. Kovalchuk, L. M. Mezentseva, U. Tesarivska, A. Pylypets, V. Kaplunenko","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"Last years literature data and separate research results analysis was carried out concerning biological influence of Germanium compounds at laboratory and productive animals. The article states a comparative effect of mineral and organic Germanium compounds in chemical and biotechnological synthesis, as well as nanotechnological germanium citrate influence on the functioning of the immune, hematological, antioxidant, detoxification, reproductive and nervous systems of animals. The article displays a difference in influence of Germanium compounds on animal body depending on its form, dose and exposure. Benefits of using organic Germanium compounds in chemical, biotechnological and nanotechnological synthesis are highlighted based on a comparative analysis of the own research results, as well as other authors. Functioning analysis of a separate body organs, body systems as well as animal body in total was conducted after animals been exposed to short-term and long-lasting action of various Germanium compounds. Studies results for various Germanium compounds toxicity, their impact on animal productivity and product quality are stated based on the available literature. Comparison of influence effect for some drugs, biologically active additives and products containing Germanium compounds on the animal body was documented. Conclusions are made about the advantages of biological action of organic Germanium compounds, made by biotechnological synthesis using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Germanium citrate, obtained on the basis of nanotechnology, regarding the prospects of its use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"535 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89759366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of bovine coronavirus strain CV-315 cultural properties","authors":"A. Berezenko, F. Vabishchevych, O. Godovskyі, V. Nedosekov","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of cultivation of bovine coronavirus strain CV-315 isolated in Ukraine from a calf with coronavirus infection and to select optimal methods of virus cultivation to obtain viral material with the highest possible titers of infectious activity in order to develop manufacturing technology of means of immunoprophylaxis and specific diagnostics. During the study, the influence of a number of factors on the accumulation of strain CV-315 was studied: the presence and concentration of trypsin in the nutrient medium, the effect of fetal bovine serum, the degree of cell culture monolayer during virus infection, also the virus dose, temperature and the term of cultivation. According to the results, it was established that bovine coronavirus strain CV-315 has the highest infectious activity when cultured for 72 hours before the manifestation of CPE of 70–80%, without the addition of trypsin and fetal bovine serum content of 2% at 37±0.5°C. It was also found that the optimal infective dose is 0.1–0.01 viral particles per cell for infection of the fully formed monolayer of MDBK cell culture. The obtained results will be used in the development of veterinary vaccines against bovine coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88836110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic structure of micropopulations of domestic pigs at the locus of the ryanodine RYR1 receptor","authors":"T. M. Ryk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"An important problem in transplant medicine is the lack of organs and tissues for human transplantation. One of the promising areas of its solution today is the use of organs and tissues of animals — xenotransplantation. Pigs for medical and biological needs must be stress-resistant and adapted to the conditions of keeping and feeding within the vivarium. Stress syndrome in pigs is caused by a point mutation that replaces 1843CT in exon 17 of the ryanodine RYR1 receptor gene in a homozygous state. The aim of the study was to examine the genetic structure of individual pig populations at the locus of the RYR1 gene responsible for hypersensitivity. DNA testing of 102 pigs of Poltava meat, Myrhorod, Great White, Landrace and Pietren breeds was performed. The studies were performed on DNA samples obtained from pig blood. DNA was isolated using Chelex 100 reagent. Studies of the RYR1 gene fragment were performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFPR) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two alleles of the ryanodine RYR1 receptor gene (n and N) and three genotypes (NN, Nn, nn) were identified in the studied animals. A molecular study of pigs of different breeds revealed a polymorphism of the RYR1 gene. The number of animals carrying the recessive allele n of the ryanodine receptor gene RYR1, which is responsible for the sensitivity of pigs to stress factors, varied considerably: from its complete absence in the Vietnamese Pot-bellied, Ukrainian meat, Large White and Ukrainian Spotted Steppe breeds up to 100% of animals of homozygous RYR1nn genotype in the Piétrain breed and 50% of Landrace individuals with the heterozygous RYR1Nn genotype The mutant RYR1n allele was found in animals of the Piétrain breed with a 100% frequency. Heterozygous genotype RYR1Nn was found in pigs of Poltava Meat (10%), Landrace (50%), Myrhorod (15%) Ukrainian Spotted Steppe (50%). Homozygous RYR1NN genotype was detected in all Large White, Vietnamese Pot-bellied, and Ukrainian Meat pigs studied, indicating the absence of stress syndrome. It has been established that pigs of the Great White, Vietnamese Pot-bellied, and Ukrainian Meat breeds are preferred for breeding for biomedical purposes. Breeding of Piétrain pigs and any combinations with this breed makes it impossible to use such animals for biomedical experimental work.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83866606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usage of polyvinylalcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone for preparion of thawed ejaculated boar sperm for fertilization by ICSI","authors":"O. J. Lyzohub","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to explore the effect of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) media on deconserved ejaculated boar sperm and their preparation for artificial insemination to optimize biotechnological approaches. The studies used ejaculated cryopreserved sperm of a boar of the Myrhorod breed Dnipro 641. Genetic material was stored in the Bank of Genetic Resources of Animals IABG nnamed after M.V. Zubets NAAS for eight years. The sperm suspension was thawed in a water bath at +37 °C for 5 min until completely thawed. Separation of sperm from cryopreservative agent and diluent was performed using the swim up method in Sp-TALP medium. After the presence of sperm in the 10.0% solution of PVP for 10 min, motility decreased by 68.2% (P < 0.05) and amounted to 3.4%, and after the next 10 min of incubation decreased to 1.4% (P <0.01), which is 10 times lower than the initial mobility. In 10.0% of PVA mobility after 10 min of incubation decreased by 37.4% (P <0.05) and amounted to 6.7%, and after 10 min decreased to 5.7% (P < 0.01), which is 1.8 times lower than the initial mobility. It was found that in the case of 10.0% of PVP solution ejaculated deconserved boar sperm lose motility by 86.9% (P <0.01) from the initial motility, which makes it impossible to select a suitable sperm for fertilization by ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection). It is shown that 10.0% PVA solution can be used for immobilization of boar sperm, as it reduces motility by 46.7% (P <0.01) of the initial sperm motility. It is proved that the mobility in the case of incubation of deconserved ejaculated boar sperm in 5.0% PVA solution decreases only by 28.0% (P <0.05) from the initial, which is optimal when using cryopreserved boar sperm, material which are limited and convenient for the operator and safe for oocytes.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88898785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection criteria for highly productive breeding boars and sows by fattening and meat qualities of their offspring using some evaluation indexes","authors":"V. Khalak, O. Zhukorsky, O. M. Tserenyuk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol24.01.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol24.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is to study the fattening and meat qualities of young white pigs and to determine the criteria for selection of high-yielding breeding boars and sows using some evaluation indices. It was found that young pigs of large white breed of the controlled population at the age of 100 kg exceed the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.13%, the thickness of the fat at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae — 32.25% and the length of chilled carcass — 3.92%. Significant difference between animals of different intrabreed differentiation according to the Tyler index (groups I and III) was established by the average daily gain of live weight during the control period of fattening (91.7 g), age of 100 kg live weight (7.3 days), fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (3.4 mm), length of chilled carcass (1.7 cm), length of bacon half of chilled carcass (2.7 cm). Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation according to the Sazer-Fredin index, it was found that young pigs of group II outperformed peers of I on average daily live weight gain for the period of control fattening by 4.03%, age of 100 kg — 3.67% and length of chilled carcass — 0.2%. The pairwise correlation coefficient between fattening and meat qualities of young pigs and evaluation indices ranges from –0.710 (tr=10.24) to +0.844 (tr=20.98). The maximum increase in additional products was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group according to the Tyler index (+5.03%) and the second experimental group according to the Sazer-Fredin index (+1.12%). The cost of additional products obtained from young pigs of these groups, provided that the selling price per 1 kg of live weight of young pigs at the time of the study was 47.5 UAH. is +247.51 and +55.42 UAH/animal respectively. Thus, the criteria for selecting highly productive breeding boars and sows for fattening and meat qualities are the limits of the Tyler index 214.89–242.85, the Sazer-Fredin index — –3.018 — –0.102 points.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84287591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical markers of hepatobiliary system functional state in rats under the action of laser irradiation and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids","authors":"O. Ketsa, I. Y. Kapitanchuk","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.043","url":null,"abstract":"Markers of the functional state of the hepatobiliary system — enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), levels of total and direct bilirubin, the value of thymol probe in the plasma of the diaphragm waves and the introduction of ω-3 PUFA were investigated. It has been found that the action of laser irradiation in blood plasma increases the enzymatic activities of aminotransferases and GGT, along with an increase in the level of total and direct bilirubin and thymol index. The corrective effect on the liver functional state is shown by ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been established that the protective properties of ω-3 PUFAs depend on the scheme of their introduction. The highest hepatoprotective effect of ω-3 PUFAs is manifested under the conditions of their previous introduction to the action of laser irradiation, as evidenced by a decrease in hyperenzymemia ALT, AST, GGT, a decrease in total and direct bilirubin and thymol in plasma. The introduction of ω-3 PUFA after the end of the laser diode does not change the markers of the functional state of the liver in blood plasma compared with irradiated animals that were not injected with the studied lipophilic nutrients.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75177376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of “Biolide” disinfectant working solutions for action on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria","authors":"O. Chechet, V. Kovalenko, T. Garkavenko, O. Gorbatyuk, T. H. Kozytska","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.066","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the new developed disinfectant “Biolide” research for use in poultry and other sectors of agriculture, because today the problem of developing cheap and effective disinfectants remains relevant. In recent years, the poultry industry has a tendency to rapid development, since the population’s demands for poultry products have increased markedly. With an integrated approach to the production of chicken meat, it is possible to increase the productivity of poultry enterprises, energy efficiency and reduce the cost of production. When applying such an integrated approach, one of the important roles is played by the provision of high-quality disinfection with effective and inexpensive means. In connection with the relevance of the development of new effective disinfectants, the main purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of working solutions in concentrations of 0.1; 0.2; 0.25 and 0.5% for gram-negative E. coli ATCC 25922 and gram-positive S. aureus ATCC 25923 for different periods of time — 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. after the simulation of protein contamination. Test cultures E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 in lyophilized form were stored in a refrigerator at a temperature –70±5°C. By replacing them on nutrient media, metabolic processes were restored and their correspondence to the main typical properties for this type of pathogens was checked. Simulation of protein contamination was carried out using sterile inactivated blood serum of cattle in the amount of 40.0% to the volume of the used bacterial suspension. In laboratory tests, smooth surfaces of tiles with an area 100 cm2 were used as test objects. The analysis of the obtained research results showed the high efficiency of 0.5% working solutions of the new disinfectant “Biolide” when exposed to test cultures E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 for 60 min., since this concentration of the working disinfectant solution and the exposure time ensured the destruction by 99.99–100.0% of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms when imitating protein contamination of test objects.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79293767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of wintering temperature on the state of the antioxidative system in Apis mellifera L.","authors":"V. Karavan, D. Y. Kachmaryk, V. Cherevatov, L. Yazlovytska","doi":"10.15407/animbiol23.04.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/animbiol23.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"The state of the antioxidant system of protection of honey bees Apis mellifera carnica under the action of different temperatures in order to optimize the temperature regime to keep of bee colonies indoors during the winter was studied. Bee colonies of 81–91-day-old worker bees were transferred from the territory of the Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University apiary during the period of sharp changes in temperature (the end of November) in constant conditions of the buildings (5±0.6°С and 14±0.8°C) and were kept there for 12 weeks. The selection of worker bees for biochemical analysis was performed 7 times every two weeks. The level of TBA-active products (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in insect tagmas (head, thorax and abdomen) were studied. It has been found that the transfer of bee colonies from unstable temperature conditions to stable ones, regardless of their value, leads to a decrease in the flow rate of lipid peroxidation (TBRAS level) against the background of increasing activity of enzymes (CAT та GST). The tagmospecific response of the antioxidant system of honey bees depending on the wintering temperature was revealed. Keeping bee colonies indoors at constant temperatures (for ten weeks) was accompanied by certain coherence in the work of the antioxidant system of insects. In particular, the TBRAS level, as well as the activity of enzymes, did not change significantly during the study. However, in early February (at the end of the experiment), regardless of the building temperature, the TBARS level was increased in the tissues of the bee’s head, and in the tissues of the abdomen the GST activity was intensified. At the same time, in the middle of winter (on January), the level of TBARS in bees, that were kept at +5°С, was lower in comparison with bees that wintered at +14°С. The optimal temperatures for keeping bee colonies in winter indoors was proposed: for bee colonies of medium strength at temperatures around +5°С, and for bee colonies of weak strength around +14°С by the end of January with further temperature decrease to +10°С.","PeriodicalId":22372,"journal":{"name":"The Animal Biology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}