饲料蛋白质溶解度作为公牛日粮中营养物质消化率和利用率的指标

V. Kozyr, V. I. Petrenko, G. G. Dimchya, A. Maistrenko
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摘要

本试验以十二指肠和回盲部吻合的草原红牛为试验对象,饲喂不同水平可溶性蛋白(SP)和瘤胃可降解蛋白(RDP)的等能、等蛋白精料饲粮。我们分别研究了干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(CA)、粗脂肪(CF)、粗纤维(CF)和无氮提取物(NFE)在复杂胃、小肠(SI)和大肠(LI)部分的转化。动物对蛋白质的同化是通过SI中消化的量来评估的,而非生产性成本是通过尿液中氮的部分来评估的。他们的饮食包括干草、豌豆和矿物质补充剂。通过饲喂天然豌豆(对照)和+105℃烤制豌豆(试验)来获得不同量的SP。当饲粮中SP和RDP水平降低时,消化表观强度降低,表现为饲料消耗量略减少,十二指肠和回盲肠食糜数量减少。在复杂胃中,降低SP水平的试验饲粮CP消化率降低10%。在高SP水平的对照饲粮中,瘤胃中CP的降解量增加,向SI提供了更多的铵态氮。试验饲粮中粗蛋白质的消化利用率比对照组高5.8%,DM、OM和CP的消化率提高8-10%,CA和CF的消化率降低。在LI中,各营养物质的消化率呈多向分布。在高SP水平的对照日粮中,由于尿氮排泄量增加40%,大量的膳食蛋白质被贬值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Feed protein solubility as an indicator of digestibility and availability of nutrients in the diets of bulls
The research was conducted on steppe red bulls with duodenal and ileocecal anastomoses when feeding isoenergetic, isoprotein hay-concentrate diets with different levels of soluble protein (SP) and rumen degradable protein (RDP). We studied the transformation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) separately in a complex stomach, small (SI) and large (LI) parts of the intestine. Assimilation of protein by animals was assessed by the amount of it digested in SI, and unproductive costs — by the part of nitrogen in the urine. Diets consisted of hay, peas and mineral supplements. Different amounts of SP in the diets were achieved by feeding natural pea (control) or pea grilled at a temperature of +105°C (experiment). When feeding a diet with a reduced level of SP and RDP, the apparent intensity of digestion decreased, which was manifested in a slightly smaller amount of feed consumed, and in a smaller number of duodenal and ileocecal chyme. In a complex stomach, the CP digestibility of the experimental diet with a reduced level of SP was 10% lower. In the control diet with a high level of SP, more CP was degraded in rumen and more ammonium nitrogen was supplied to SI. The availability of CP for digestion in SI on the experimental diet was 5.8% higher, against control, with 8–10% higher digestibility of DM, OM and CP, but lower digestibility of CA and CF. In LI, the digestibility of nutrients in the studied diets was multidirectional. A significant amount of dietary protein was depreciated in the control diet with a high level of SP due to a 40% increase in urinary nitrogen excretion.
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