The American Review of Public Administration最新文献

{"title":"Perception or Reality: An Examination of Police Misconduct, Organizational Justice, and Promotion Opportunities in the NYPD","authors":"D. Carroll, Helen H. Yu","doi":"10.1177/02750740221094468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221094468","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars across multiple disciplines have identified numerous correlates to police misconduct. Missing, however, from this body of research is the impact of police misconduct on future promotion opportunities in a local police department. Using population data (N = 33,358) released by New York city’s Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) from September 1985 to July 2020, this study employs logistic regression to examine civilian complaints that were found to be substantiated, in comparison to complaints that were found to be unsubstantiated or exonerated, and their effect on police officers moving up in rank beyond the incident. The intent is to examine the relationship between police misconduct and promotion. In addition, recognizing the inherent differences in the promotion process for detectives from all other officer ranks, we found that the odds of detectives being promoted to higher ranks are somewhat impacted by the outcomes of complaints, but not by the types of complaints received. However, our findings suggest that all other officers are impacted by the outcomes of civilian complaints, in addition to the types of complaints received, in terms of promotion. Furthermore, we found that the severity of police misconduct, captured by the CCRB-recommended disciplinary actions associated with substantiated complaints, matters for NYPD officer promotability for first-time offenders differently than for officers who repeatedly engage in misconduct.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"51 1","pages":"351 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Civilian Oversight on Police Organizational Performance: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Jisang Kim","doi":"10.1177/02750740221098344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221098344","url":null,"abstract":"Although civilian oversight has been introduced to make the police accountable to citizens and perform better, its effectiveness has not been thoroughly investigated yet. To better understand civilian oversight of the police, this study explores its theoretical basis as an accountability mechanism and suggests how it holds police agencies accountable even without direct disciplinary authority. The data from Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey, the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) program, and the Fatal Encounters (FE) database are analyzed to estimate the effect of civilian oversight on police organizational performance, using a propensity score matching analysis. Among the dependent variables included in the analysis as performance indicators, civilian oversight turns out to have a significant influence only on police agencies’ clearance rates. The police agencies with civilian oversight have lower clearance rates by 2.71 percentage points on average compared to those without civilian oversight. The implications of civilian oversight's negative impact on police organizational performance are further discussed.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"144 1","pages":"382 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84364860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Public Governance and the Classical-Liberal Perspective: Political Economy Foundations by Aligica, P. D., Boettke, P. J., & Tarko, V.","authors":"Nina Alvandipour","doi":"10.1177/02750740221098797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221098797","url":null,"abstract":"This fascinating book calls upon public administration to reorganize and reconstruct its governance and institutional principles on a positive doctrine of public governance based on the classical-liberal ethos. Drawing upon insights from Austria, Virginia, and Bloomington Schools of Political Economy, Aligica, Boettke, and Tarko attempt to bridge the classicalliberal view of political economy, new institutionalism, and public choice with public administration. The book is an endeavor to answer some of the most crucial metaquestions facing the audience in the field of public administration, such as what is the viable role of government in a democratic society? What is the suitable range of government activities and legitimate tools, instruments, and procedures for governing collective affairs? The authors explore the answers to these questions by identifying and exploring the classical-liberal conceptual framework, tools, features, and procedures of the administration of collective affairs. This framework is grounded in “individualism, freedom of choice, freedom of association” (p.25). The authors build and develop their argument by addressing the issue of collective coordination in the public sector through a polycentric understanding of multiple nodes of competing powers. The book is divided into 3 sections and 11 chapters. In section one, “A Distinctive Perspective on Governance,” Aligica, Boettke, and Tarko emphasize the ever-changing logic of the private and public relationships based on Normative Individualism and Public Choice. Building on the work of scholars and philosophers such as F.A. Hayek, James Buchanan, and Vincent and Elinor Ostrom, they explore the public administration field from the angle of “freedom of choice, voluntary association, knowledge, and learning, adaptability and resilience” to find a solution for the knowledge and power problems related to bureaucratic public administration based on “authority, hierarchy, and control” (p.80). The classical-liberal governance approach invites us to govern with citizens; “see like a citizen” rather than rule over citizens; “see like a state” (p.24). Without prioritizing individuals and their choices, there is no democratic view of public administration. As a result, they offer the notion of “Dynamic Governance” as “an adaptive institutional system” that can capture the ever-changing nature of the collective affairs based on “private-public mixed arrangements, quasi-markets, quasi-governments, and nonprofit and civil society organizations” rather than “pure market or a pure government” (p.122). Public governance can often be carried out through civic/ civil society organizations or the third sector. These institutions can limit social conflicts and satisfy the preferences of people who are directly impacted by programs and policies. Based on this view, local knowledge embedded in the complexities of our everyday life plays a critical role. They argue that in contrast to top-down direc","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"30 1","pages":"398 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Local Service Effectiveness Through Purpose-Oriented Networks: The Role of Network Leadership and Structure","authors":"Anna Uster, D. Vashdi, I. Beeri","doi":"10.1177/02750740221084336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221084336","url":null,"abstract":"The public administration literature has demonstrated that the manner in which a network is led is related to its effectiveness. However, why this relationship occurs and whether it is dependent on external circumstances remain unclear. Relying on Provan and Milward's framework of interorganizational network effectiveness and the neo-institutional approach to local leadership, we propose that the manner in which the local authority leads the local network is related to the network's structure, which, in turn, influences its effectiveness. We also propose that this association is contingent on the characteristics of the local authority in which the network exists. Using a sample of 586 network participants from 68 Israeli networks, we demonstrate that the degree to which the local authority is centralized explains the link between the network's leadership and its effectiveness, but only in local authorities with a high socioeconomic status (SES). In addition, we find that in Israeli Arab municipalities such centralization is counterproductive, impeding the network's effectiveness. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"7 1","pages":"298 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78502081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women in State Law Enforcement: An Exploratory Trend Analysis","authors":"Helen H. Yu, S. Viswanath","doi":"10.1177/02750740221088315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221088315","url":null,"abstract":"Gender diversity in policing has never been more important than it is today. However, women in state law enforcement are the least noticeable and most underrepresented of all women in policing. Using data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) surveys, this study examines gender diversity across the 49 primary state law enforcement agencies in the United States between 2000 and 2016. Although representation varies broadly across the states, the findings are mostly negative and suggest that women in state law enforcement have remained stagnant over the past two decades with very little improvement. This is important because scholarship must continue to bring attention to the underrepresentation of women in law enforcement, regardless of intergovernmental level, and monitor its progress.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"220 1","pages":"268 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75890793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Empirical Emergency Management Network Research: Formation and Development, Properties, and Performance","authors":"Q. Hu, Jungwon Yeo, N. Kapucu","doi":"10.1177/02750740221077348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221077348","url":null,"abstract":"Although network analysis has gained much attention in emergency management studies, there are few systematic reviews of emergency management network studies in public administration. After reviewing 44 journals, this article identified and reviewed a total of 58 studies that conducted network analysis in the context of emergency management. Based on existing literature, this article summarizes the common and unique factors driving network formation and development, describes the structural characteristics of emergency management networks, and reports the performance measures that have been used to evaluate network performance. It concludes by addressing research gaps, presenting propositions and recommendations for future research, and highlighting implications for emergency management practice. The context of this review is emergency management, but the three network research streams focused upon—network formation and development, network properties, and network performance—are relevant to all management and policy domains. This review also underscores the need to further explore the dynamic process of network formation and outcomes of network relationships and structures.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"2 1","pages":"280 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75328956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining Sustainability Innovation in City Governments: Innovation Mechanisms and Discretion Types in Multi-Level Governance","authors":"Jiasheng Zhang, Hui Li, Kaifeng Yang","doi":"10.1177/02750740221090913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221090913","url":null,"abstract":"While existing studies have examined the separate effects of local governments’ internal conditions and external environment on local innovation, few have paid attention to their interactive effects. This study examines whether state-level rules regarding local discretion moderate the effects of city governments’ slack resources and learning, using local sustainability innovation as an example. We distinguish two types of discretion (fiscal and statutory) granted by state governments. Applying a difference-in-differences (DDD) approach with a longitudinal dataset of 238 U.S. cities, we find that fiscal discretion strengthens the positive effect of fiscal slack while statutory discretion enhances the positive effect of learning. The findings uncover the complex interactions between multilevel institutional arrangements and local innovation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"38 1","pages":"366 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82949836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Practices and Second-Generation Gender Bias: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Career Progression of U.S. State-Level Managers","authors":"M. D’Agostino, Helisse Levine, Meghna Sabharwal, Al C. Johnson-Manning","doi":"10.1177/02750740221086605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221086605","url":null,"abstract":"Ely and Meyerson’s gendered organizations framework reconceptualizes traditional gender differences defined by biology and lack of structural opportunities, to a complex set of social relations in the workplace. We apply this framework to second-generation gender bias to further understand impediments to women's career progression in the public sector workplace. In-depth interviews of state-level administrators in U.S. public sector agencies indicate that “narratives” perpetuate second-generation gender bias that is deeply ingrained in organizational practices and policies, especially for women and women of color. This framework can be applied to future studies examining the gendered nature of organizations in different workplace settings. Moving beyond already identified barriers, this study offers a comprehensive framework to understand how second-generation gender bias is central to long-standing workplace inequities.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"36 1","pages":"335 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89496679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police Chiefs, Organizational Justice, and Body-Worn Cameras: A Key to Releasing Video Footage","authors":"Daniel E. Bromberg","doi":"10.1177/02750740221084330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740221084330","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses a missing link in the organizational justice literature—a police chief's trust in their officers. Most organizational and procedural justice studies examine these concepts from an officer's perspective, but fail to capture how leaders perceive their officers. Trust, however, is a relational concept, which implies there might be effects of a leader's trust in their officers. This study addresses if a police chief's level of trust in officers will affect their behavior as related to the release of body-worn camera footage. Body-worn cameras have been adopted across the United States and all over the world. However, if the footage they capture is rarely shared, cameras impact will be minimal. The findings suggest that if a chief has higher levels of trust in their officers, then the chief's willingness to release footage is increased, potentially leading to an improved relationship between law enforcement and communities.","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"13 1","pages":"255 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86655976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Law & Leviathan: Redeeming the administrative state by C. Sunstein and A Vermeule","authors":"Jennifer L. Selin","doi":"10.1177/02750740211072246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740211072246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22370,"journal":{"name":"The American Review of Public Administration","volume":"90 1","pages":"248 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80412439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}