The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration最新文献

{"title":"Place-Making Practices for Park Improvements to Support Environmental Justice in a Low-Income African American Neighborhood","authors":"Alexandra H. Carnahan, Lisa Groshong, S. W. Stanis, Vidya Balasubramanyam, Asha Kutty","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9676","url":null,"abstract":"Place-making practices can facilitate effective place and park design. This study explores the importance of inclusive place-making practices for supporting procedural justice in park design. Place-making is a multifaceted approach to space design and management that seeks to integrate a community’s needs for the space. The incorporation of such practices in design is particularly important for low-income minority communities and for promoting environmental justice. While it has been shown that place-making practices can help facilitate social justice and place attachment, research regarding the use of these practices in park design is lacking. As such, this study sought to examine park user perceptions that could be used to facilitate better place-making practices in relation to ongoing design changes at a historically significant park in a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with park users ( n = 30) in June 2015. Interview questions examined community members’ use of the park, history and connections to the park, and feelings towards the park changes, which were planned at the time of the interviews but have since been completed. Six overall themes emerged: everyday activities, organized events, belonging, dependence, safety, and political processes. An emphasis on park changes and youth emerged throughout the themes. Interviews revealed a heavy reliance on park features that were scheduled to be removed from the park, with participants questioning how these changes would affect park users and overall park use. While park changes seemed to prioritize green space and a skate park designed to promote physical activity, many park users spoke of a desire to maintain social gathering spaces, including a parking lot and large picnic shelter. This highlights a potential mismatch between the goals of the design changes and neighborhood priorities. A better understanding of how park users connect to and use this park can inform park changes that more appropriately accommodate the community’s needs. Such findings suggest that changes to a place necessitate greater understanding of its cultural significance to a community, how changes can positively or negatively influence the community and the use of the space, and how officials can better include the community in the decision-making process. This study provides a foundation for future place-making research aimed at better understanding the unique concerns of low-income minority communities.","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A People's History of Leisure Studies: The Great Race and the National Parks and U.S. Forests","authors":"Rasul A. Mowatt","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9674","url":null,"abstract":"For some time, researchers have discussed the relationship of the National Park Service (NPS) and other parks, parks and recreation, and outdoor recreation entities’ cultural engagement through a lens of needed and improved management that emphasizes culturally diverse outreach programming, but that also is aimed at a greater awareness of social marginality and the preponderance of racial preferences. While Santucci, Floyd, Bocarro, and Henderson (2014) particularly explored the potential influence of the organizational culture of the NPS for maintaining a traditional culture resistant to diversity-related changes as an effort on truly diversifying its staffing, programming, and outreach, there has never been a call to examine the historical influences of the culture of the NPS, the United States Forest Service (USFS), the overall environmental movement, and even our very conception of outdoor recreation within the leisure studies and recreation service provision literature. What is presented here is a discourse-historical approach of authored texts as primary sources of conservationist, preservationist, and interpretation legends, Gifford Pinchot, Madison Grant, and Charles M. Goethe (among others). The article calls into question as to how their natural history, biological anthropology, and preservationist ideological lens influenced their philosophical articulation of conservation, preservation, and interpretation. In particular, Grant worked on matters of preservation synergistically in tandem with his eugenics beliefs, as chiefly articulated in the eugenicist tome, The Passing of the Great Race (1916a). This seminal eugenics text informed Western interests in racial nativism, and highlighted the intersection of conserving “the best” in nature and among humanity. While Grant and Goethe’s relationship with eugenics has had more exposure, there has not been a reckoning of their views, as well as the views of Pinchot within leisure research and recreation practice. It is evident in taking a discourse-historical approach in examining these primary sources that the purity of race, enforced reproductive encouragement of the fit and the reproductive restriction of the unfit along racialized gender lines, were the most important factors in determining the fate of populations and the environment (The National Conservation Commission, 1909). The aim here is to highlight Pinchot, Grant, and Goethe and to focus on the social injustices that they advocated as a basis to highlight the calls of social justice through this special issue and by way of the work of others who have championed the need for social justice perspectives within leisure studies and parks and recreation service delivery against their various ideals. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126283549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biracial Families in Park and Recreation Spaces: A Case Study of Six Families, Implications and Possibilities","authors":"Caroline M. Kisiel, Dan K. Hibbler","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9677","url":null,"abstract":"The basis of this article is an original study of interviews with biracial African-American and European-American couples with at least one child, noting what members of these families experience in recreational activities that connects to their lived racial identity. Although there is growing research on mixed-race families’ experiences in park and recreation spaces, there is still limited research on the leisure patterns, barriers and choices of mixed-race couples with children. Employing a qualitative design, the authors gathered data on the leisure and recreation experiences of this sample which resulted in findings of social isolation due to racial identity and experiences of racism in family relationships, recreation settings, and public spaces. The families studied expressed a desire for recreational activities that could support the biracial couple experience and that might help balance their biracial reality as a mixed-race family in the United States. In response to these findings, the discussion explores possibilities of community-engaged theater, storytelling practices, and the positive potential of play-based community activities that address issues of race and racial identity. Developing creative programming in park and recreation settings could support mixed-race families and provide a counter to experiences of racism. Suggestions for creative programming possibilities that help support racial dialogue and healing through play and recreation are made. By offering such programming, park and recreation settings can invite participants to connect around personal and societal experiences of racism and racial identity. The potential for biracial families is a low-stakes gathering for the purpose of play and community which could meet family needs. The potential for communities is a contribution to community engagement efforts and conversations around race. With programming that is geared toward mixed-race families in this way, the potential of park and recreational spaces is thus widened, as gatherings could serve as community and relationship-building outlets. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoliberal Ideologies in Outdoor Adventure Education: Barriers to Social Justice and Strategies for Change","authors":"Robert P. Warner, Lisa Meerts-Brandsma, Jeff Rose","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9609","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor adventure education utilizes expeditions and experiential education to provide students with opportunities for personal growth. However, by selling the possibility of adventure and character development, outdoor adventure education organizations unknowingly entangle the field with neoliberal ideologies. Neoliberalism is a political and economic ideology that promotes decentralization of governance, the rule of law, individual rights, and a free market. Despite its prevalence in the literature of related fields, outdoor adventure education scholars seldomly address neoliberalism, especially its effect on the field’s social justice efforts. In this paper, we examine how outdoor adventure education’s subscription to neoliberal principles, most notably individual rights and the free market, inhibits the field’s attempts to contribute to social justice. Social justice is a process that seeks to unearth the institutional and systemic roots of injustice to work toward greater social equity. Institutions working toward social justice must disentangle from elements of a dominating neoliberal system that actively perpetuates social inequities. By understanding neoliberalism’s influence, the outdoor adventure education field can become a leader for social justice by identifying the problems, and subsequent inequities, associated with neoliberalism. However, if outdoor adventure education hopes to progress beyond the oppressive structures imposed by neoliberal ideologies, we argue that the field needs to critique its current political, economic, and pedagogical practices. Outdoor adventure education organizations must embrace their role in developing citizens for a more just society by taking systematic and collective action. In an effort to make a tangible contribution, we offer potential strategies for mitigating the effects of neoliberalism and advancing social justice efforts in outdoor adventure education.","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129008458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change the Game, Not the Rules: The Role of Community Gardens in Disaster Resilience","authors":"H. Mcilvaine-Newsad, R. Porter","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9721","url":null,"abstract":"This study illustrates how the creation of community gardens in four distinct communities in Puerto Rico led to a wide variety of socially just benefits (e.g., recreation, food production) for those involved. Ethnographic research was conducted in Puerto Rico from 2016–2019 on the role of community gardens before and after Hurricane Maria. The authors conclude that while the gardens may have been established for one purpose, that purpose evolved to meet the multiple needs and desires of the participants over time. The main reason for the creation of these gardens was the desire to grow vegetables in a manner that emulated the practices of Taino and Jibaro ancestors. Replicating a sustainable and environmentally friendly way of farming was not only a statement about wanting to live in harmony with the land, but also a political statement about the status of Puerto Rico in relationship to the United States. People learned about agroecology farming practices while creating spaces for leisure and social activities. Over time other forms of environmental and cultural education were included. Gardening together, people engaged in environmentally and socially just causes such as creating renewable energy, strengthening intergenerational social bonds, and  engaging i n environmental and social activism. In the end, these actions strengthened relationships that undoubtedly contributed to the ability of these communities to withstand the onslaught of a major disaster, Hurricane Maria. As the results of this study suggest, the bonds formed in these recreation-based spaces prior to the storm resulted in the creation of knowledge, labor, and an infrastructure that helped these communities navigate the effects of Hurricane Maria. Implications for recreation practitioners are discussed in the context of social justice and the role of recreation in building sustainable infrastructure to respond to disasters. Subscribe to TPE","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128657741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Return Visits to Trails with Self-Guided Materials for Children","authors":"Daniel G. Clark, Benjamin Ukert, Jason Urroz, C. Ward, M. Kondo","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9591","url":null,"abstract":"Participation in outdoor recreation can positively contribute to physical and emotional well-being. However, questions remain regarding the most effective way to implement programs that promote childhood engagement in outdoor recreation. Using seven years of data, we explored factors driving visitation to trailheads that offer self-guided materials for children at parks and recreation facilities of the Kids in Parks program. We evaluated the demographic, managerial, and physical predictors of visitation to the 115 trails included in the program. Of 769 visitors who made at least one return visit to a TRACK Trail, 305 (39.7%) returned to the same trail, 675 (87.8%) returned to a different trail, and 211 (27.4%) did both. Using multiple linear regression, we found that repeat visits to any trail and new trails increased ( p <0.01) when the trail was in a state park or a national forest. Return visits to new trails were more likely to take place at locations without a visitor center, and at locations that were located farther away from visitors’ homes. Visitors who made any return trail visits came from areas with significantly higher unemployment rates, compared to visitors who did not make repeat visits. The results of this study have broad applications in creating inclusive recreation opportunities for all residents, and guiding communities as they make management decisions. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121859903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Relations between Motivations and Site Attribute Preferences of Florida National Scenic Trail Visitors","authors":"R. Paudyal, Taylor Stein, M. Swisher","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-10053","url":null,"abstract":"Setting characteristics and recreation experience opportunities differ among long distance scenic trails in the U.S. Context and location specific information of how users’ motivations relate to site attribute preferences can help managers provide satisfying experiences to diverse visitors. This study examines users’ motivations and site attribute preferences in the context of parks and recreation areas along a long-distance scenic trail in Florida, United States. This research has two major components that distinguish it from past research. First, it focuses on a national scenic trail that is not a classic isolated wilderness-type trail. The Florida National Scenic Trail (FNST) traverses Florida, the third most populous state in the U.S. and the eighth most densely populated according to 2018 U.S. Census Bureau projections. Although visitors do “through hike” the FNST, sections of the Florida Trail attract a potentially diverse audience desiring varied recreation opportunities, including wilderness experiences. Second, this study not only identifies salient dimensions of recreation motivations and site attribute preferences; it also uses structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between different dimensions of motivations and destination attribute preferences. Multivariate analysis revealed five dimensions of motivations (Nature and Scenery, Solitude, Fitness and Escape, Social Interaction, Skills Development) and four dimensions of site attribute preferences (Quality Nature, Convenience, Arts and Culture, Consumptive). Structural analysis revealed that the Nature and Scenery and Solitude motivations positively affected Quality Nature preference, Fitness and Escape affected Convenience, and Skills Development affected Arts and Culture and Consumptive attributes. The Social Interaction motivation was not related to preference for any of the site attributes considered in this study. The results indicate how setting characteristics affect opportunities for unique experiences. Specifically, infrastructure like maintaining access and parking for users enhances opportunities for new types of users to the FNST. Managers should bear in mind the distinct relationships between motivations and destination preferences when managing and marketing specific recreation areas. For instance, offering opportunities for fitness and escape in natural areas while keeping in mind the value of convenience for visitors could enhance visitors’ experiences. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122079230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Health Outcomes of Mountain Bikers: A National Demographic Inquiry","authors":"Eddie L. Hill, Edwin Gómez","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9492","url":null,"abstract":"Given the International Mountain Bike Association’s growing membership, mountain biking popularity, and industry growth, it is important to explore perceived health benefits and outcomes derived from the sport of mountain biking. Mountain biking is currently one of the fastest growing recreational activities in the world, but empirical documentation regarding outcomes from participation is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived health outcomes of mountain biking as they relate to different demographic groups in the United States. Data were collected using the Perceived Heath Outcomes of Recreation Scale, which measured recreation outcomes in terms of prevention, improvement, and psychological benefits from recreation participation in mountain biking. Results from this national study explored differences according to gender, age, membership, and regions. Findings suggest that women perceived higher psychological health outcomes, and men perceived higher health outcomes related to prevention. Older riders significantly perceived prevention-based health outcomes from mountain biking than their younger counterparts. No differences were found between prevention, psychological, and improvement outcomes related to membership. Regional analysis revealed a homogenous view of health outcomes from mountain bikers across the U.S. Land managers, outdoor advocacy groups, and commercial outfitters could use this research to promote the health benefits of  mountain b iking. Interestingly, and noteworthy from a public health perspective, mountain bikers who ride twice monthly, or every day, perceived similar outcomes. This provides support for the notion that mountain biking, even when participating with less frequency, bodes well as a possible recreation activity to address some of the challenges our society faces regarding unhealthy lifestyles. Recreation professionals could advocate for an alternative form of physical activity by introducing mountain biking to new audiences, while articulating the possible health benefits achieved from participation. This study may be useful to outdoor recreation programmers and public land use managers to better understand participants on park trails; and to allow for better recognition of benefits resulting from mountain biking on trails. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127724255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Setting Preference Differences by Race and Gender on the Applicability of a Benefits-Based Management Approach to Recreational Planning","authors":"L. Grill, W. Morse, J. Schelhas, B. Barlow, M. Wyman","doi":"10.18666/pra-2019-9723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/pra-2019-9723","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals recreate to realize desired experiences or benefits. When used for recreational planning, benefits-based management (BBM) is an approach that focuses on understanding and managing for the beneficial outcomes of recreational experiences. Outcome focused management (OFM) builds on this to understand the larger system of recreation facilitation and the wider range of outcomes beyond the individual recreational experience. The challenge for outdoor recreation managers is to determine which outcomes are desired by visitors and work to provide appropriate setting and activity opportunities to help them realize those outcomes. Linking setting characteristics to benefits is complicated by the fact that recreationists are not a homogeneous group. Research has been conducted on different activity and setting preferences, motivations, and constraints to outdoor recreation, comparing and contrasting race and gender differences. However, how desired benefits are linked to specific recreation setting characteristics remains poorly understood. Furthermore, studies of recreation opportunity settings often involve a generalized spectrum without addressing many setting characteristics that are important for an increasingly diverse public. Our study addresses these research needs by investigating the urban demand for private land recreation and the differences in this demand between race and gender groups within the southeastern U.S. Variables of race (African American/Caucasian) and gender (male/female) were analyzed by motivations (beneficial outcome sought), activity preference, preferred setting characteristics, and constraints. Results show that both females and African Americans place greater importance on the more developed setting aspects of the outdoor recreation experience. Furthermore, while the motivations (beneficial outcomes sought) for the different groups were largely consistent, many of the setting characteristics needed to achieve those same benefits were found to be significantly different across gender and race. This study indicates that management should consider an enlarged conception of important setting characteristics to better understand diverse audiences. More investigation is needed regarding how desired benefits are linked to specific recreation settings across user groups. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124794307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rights of Passage Programs: A Culturally Relevant Youth Development Program for Black Youth","authors":"Harrison P. Pinckney, C. Outley, A. Brown, Garrett A. Stone, Harold Manzano-Sanchez","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9682","url":null,"abstract":"One cannot have a conversation about social justice without first understanding injustice and its impact. In the case of youth development, it has been repeatedly noted that Black youth living in the United States face additional race-related challenges that can impede their social, educational, and mental health (Erikson, 1994). Oftentimes, institutions such as public schools, recreation agencies, and the justice system contribute to these challenges: first, by implementing policies that further distance Black youth from the outcomes achieved by white youth. Second, by failing to provide culturally relevant practices that meet the specific needs of Black youth. Recognizing these disparities, grassroots movements in Black communities adopted Rites of Passage (ROP) programs as a means of preparing Black youth for adulthood in the United States of America. The primary goal of ROP programs is to neutralize the negative patterns induced by the social forces that continue to marginalize African Americans (Warfield-Coppock, 1992). Theoretical support for the ROP model can be found in the social justice youth development framework which emphasizes the importance of helping youth recognizing the traumatic histories associated with factors such as racism, helping youth heal through engagement in culturally appropriate programs and services, and assisting them in developing a critical consciousness for moving forward (Ginwright, 2010). Using an Afrocentric lens, this ROP model has been found to provide protective factors for African American youth while promoting their positive development (Pinckney, Outley, Blake, & Kelly, 2011). Furthermore, in recent years, faith-based organizations, parks and recreation districts, and schools have begun implementing ROP programs for Black youth. Still, this is an understudied concept generally and has gone virtually unnoticed in leisure studies (Pinckney et al., 2011). Reflecting on data collected during a national scan of ROP programs, the authors 1) provide an overview of the current state of Black youth living in the United States, 2) highlight the potential of ROP programs to contribute to positive youth development, 3) introduce seven characteristics of ROP programs that contribute to improved outcomes for Black youth, and 4) provide managerial and research implications that can assist in expanding our understanding of ROP programs. Altogether the findings from this scan provide a path for assisting Black youth in overcoming systemic barriers to their development. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127053926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}