The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration最新文献

{"title":"GPS-Based Mobile Exercise Application: An Alternative Tool to Assess Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Visitors’ Activities in a National Park","authors":"Jinwon Kim, B. Thapa, Seongsoo Jang","doi":"10.18666/JPRA-2019-9175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-9175","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of spatio-temporal patterns of visitors’ activities in national parks is essential to mitigate impacts to natural resources as well as manage experiences. With the use of a GPS-based mobile exercise application dataset, this study explored the spatio-temporal patterns of visitors’ activities in Seoraksan National Park, South Korea. A total of 1,206 anonymous mobile application users along with their 2,571 activity start points were acquired for January 2015 to December 2015. GIS-based hot spot analyses were employed to analyze the spatial patterns of activity points over time. Results indicated activity hot spots for hours (i.e., dawn, morning, afternoon, and evening) as well as risky points (i.e., falling-rocks, risk of structure collapse, or lightning) during dark hours (night) across seasons. Findings from this study can assist managers to allocate their spatio-temporal park management resources effectively to minimize environmental impacts, and enhance visitor experiences and safety. Furthermore, GPS-based mobile exercise application can be used as an alternative tool to assess spatio-temporal use of visitors in national parks.","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Campsite Impact Monitoring Methodologies for the Pharaoh Lake Wilderness Area in New York State","authors":"B. Jackson, D. Kuehn, R. Briggs, C. Beier, Lianjun Zhang","doi":"10.18666/JPRA-2019-8927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2019-8927","url":null,"abstract":"Ranking methodologies for estimating campsite impacts have traditionally been used in addition to (and sometimes in place of) actual measures of impacts. Ranking systems are easier to implement; however, there is concern that these methods may not accurately assess actual (quantitative) measures of impact. In the Pharaoh Lake Wilderness Area in New York State’s Adirondack Park, three ranking methodologies of campsite impact monitoring (i.e., Frissell Condition Class, Forest Service Minimum Protocol, and Multiple Parameter Categorical Ratings) were compared among each other and with a quantitative method (i.e., Research Level Survey) to evaluate campsite conditions. Although the three ranking methodologies classified campsite impacts with no significant difference in implementation time, the Multiple Parameter Categorical Ratings protocol provided a higher level of detail in the data than the other two methods. Measures of campsite condition from the three ranking methodologies significantly correlated with many of the quantitative measures collected through the Research Level Survey (e.g., soil density, seedling density, percent root exposure), but took much less time to implement than the Research Level Survey. However, implementing a modified Research Level Survey may be the better choice for monitoring campsites in the Pharaoh Lake Wilderness Area. Specifically, concerns over data consistency for several variables (i.e., water infiltration, seedling density, and 1- and 10-hour fuels) indicate that a Research Level Survey modified to exclude these variables may in fact provide ratio-level data that are more precise in the long term and that do not significantly increase implementation time over the Multiple Parameter Categorical Ratings protocol. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Changes, Weather, and Congestion: Exploring Declines in Use of Chicago’s Elevated Trail","authors":"G. Lindsey, Yunlei Qi, P. Gobster, Sonya S. Sachdeva","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-10063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-10063","url":null,"abstract":"This research note examines possible explanations for declines in use of Chicago’s 606 Trail between 2016, its first complete year of operation, and 2018. Hypotheses include population changes near the trail, adverse weather in 2017-2018, and congestion effects. To evaluate these hypotheses, respectively, we use Census data, traffic counts, weather data, and regression modeling; and level-of-service (LOS) grades for peak use periods. We show that population changes were unlikely to have contributed to the use reductions and that, after controlling for weather effects, daily use still was significantly lower in 2017-2018 relative to 2016. Although LOS grades of “F” characterize much of weekend daytime use in summers, use reductions also occurred during periods with better LOS. None of the hypotheses fully explains the use declines. Field surveys are needed to explore additional, potential explanations including changes in preferences and perceptions of residents in gentrifying neighborhoods and the loss of a novelty effect. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128355901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marketing Recreation Services in the Changing Landscape of Race and Ethnic Relations","authors":"L. N. Camarillo, M. Stodolska, K. Shinew","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9725","url":null,"abstract":"The changing landscape of race and ethnic relations in the U.S. has influenced how members of racial and ethnic groups use leisure spaces, engage in leisure activities, and interact with community agencies. These current issues necessitate changes in how leisure organizations market their services to diverse constituents. The objectives of this manuscript are to examine: 1) racial and ethnic minority residents’ concerns about the community and the factors that limit their access to recreation services, and 2) the changes made by the park district to their marketing efforts based on the study’s findings. This paper focuses on a research project conducted between 2016-2019 in Urbana, Illinois. The data were collected with the use of individual and group interviews with 46 African American, Latinx, and Asian American users and non-users of park districts’ recreation programs and services. Three rounds of interviews with 14 park district managers and staff were also conducted. The residents revealed that their concerns in the community were related to the lack of socioeconomic resources, transportation, language barriers, crime, interracial and interethnic tensions, and lack of knowledge of recreation opportunities  provided  by the park district. Based on these findings, the park district made a number of changes to their marketing efforts, including creating an Outreach and Wellness Office, redesigning marketing materials, providing outreach to the most disadvantaged communities, hiring a Spanish-speaking staff member, and delivering free or heavily discounted recreation programs to over 2,400 ethnic and racial minority youth. We recommend that, in addition to the four traditional Ps of marketing (product, place, price, and promotion), recreation agencies who aim to serve ethnically and racially diverse populations include an additional P of marketing—people. The “people” dimension means that agencies recognize diverse constituent groups within the community, assess their recreation needs and constraints with regard to accessing recreation resources; engage with these residents through direct outreach, consultations, and program implementation; and provide programs that are targeted at their unique needs. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125034185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue–Building Bridges Instead of Walls: Marketing with Minoritized Populations","authors":"D. Theriault, B. Burke","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-10196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-10196","url":null,"abstract":"Several leisure scholars have lamented that leisure serves a site for the reproduction of injustice against minoritized populations . Floyd (2014) challenged leisure scholars to respond with scholarship “…that can potentially expose and eliminate injustices” (p. 385). This special issue sought papers which examined the potential of marketing to promote our undermine justice with minoritized populations.  In order to set the stage for these investigations, we discuss: (a) some of the objections to marketing made by leisure scholars; (b) marketing orientations; and (c) some of the issues in marketing with minoritized populations. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114824679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Beach Accessibility for People with Ambulatory Difficulty","authors":"Duhui Lee, Jinwon Kim, B. Thapa, Taylor Stein","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9969","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities especially those with ambulatory difficulty (PWAD) have particularly limited access to recreation settings such as parks and other open spaces and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Given the limited access and physical limitations of PWAD, they cannot experience the multiple benefits of recreational activities. Beaches are an essential recreation setting that could provide significant physiological, psychological, and social benefits to PWAD. Providing adequate beach access for PWAD has been regarded as an important responsibility of public leisure agencies since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. Several studies have measured PWAD’s levels of access to fitness centers, community sports/recreation centers, and swimming pools, but there is a lack of empirical research with respect to beaches. The purpose of this study was therefore to measure beach accessibility for PWAD based on Duval County, Florida. To consider PWAD’s unique physical characteristics, the beach access points were selected based on the ADA guidelines and a specific distance (0.25 miles) criteria. In addition, two distance-based access measures (1. the shortest street distance from the center of each census tract to the closest beach access point and 2. the average street distance from the center of each census tract to the seven closest beach access points) based on minimum distance and travel cost approaches were employed to demonstrate the sensitivity of the findings. GIS-based network analysis was employed to calculate the street distance. The results indicated that regional disparities in the levels of beach access for PWAD in Duval County were identified. Specifically, PWAD that live in the western, northern and southern regions of Duval County (e.g., cities of Baldwin and Jacksonville [northern and western part]) have extremely poor beach access. Conversely, PWAD that reside in the eastern region of the county (e.g., cities of Jacksonville [eastern part], Atlantic Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach) have better beach access. This allows researchers and practitioners to better understand the local patterns of beach accessibility for PWAD, ultimately providing guidelines for location-based beach access planning and management. Such information could also be used by public leisure agencies to allocate limited resources, by identifying regions that are in need of increased recreational resources. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122812708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dirty Kanza and #200women200miles: Constraints to Female Participation in a Male-Dominated Sport","authors":"Lauren E. Mullenbach, J. T. Mueller, A. Graefe","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2019-9786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2019-9786","url":null,"abstract":"Long-distance endurance sports have been dominated by men since their inception, and gravel cycling is no exception. However, one event held annually in Emporia, Kansas—the Dirty Kanza—increased female participation in its signature event, a 200-mile gravel road race, by reserving 200 places for women in the 2017 event and promoting this initiative with a social media hashtag campaign, “#200women200miles.” Women historically represented just 10% of participants in the race, despite finishing at similar times and at similar rates as men. To try to increase female participation, event organizers recruited women using a marketing initiative and reserved spaces for them in the race. Given the novel nature of this intentional, inclusive initiative, we wanted to understand women’s constraints to participating, as well as which negotiation strategies and which facilitation efforts helped them ultimately compete. We compared men’s and women’s motivations, constraints, negotiation strategies, and facilitation strategies to help identify marketing efforts that may have improved women’s participation, using a post-race survey. With a sample of 916 participants (53% response rate), independent sample t -tests detected differences between men and women in motivations, constraints, negotiation strategies, and facilitation strategies. Women were more constrained—in training and competing—and used more negotiation strategies than men. Women also reported concerns related to safety and training, indicating that more work needs to be done to make other aspects of cycling more inclusive. Despite these challenges, the targeted initiative #200women200miles was successful in filling spots in the 200-mile race, as many women reported that the marketing campaign was a facilitator of their participation. Thus, implications for event organizers include the demonstrated potential for similar strategies to increase participation in other underrepresented groups. If gender equity is desired by event promotors and organizers, explicit efforts to make endurance cycling races welcoming for women is essential. Although some findings confirmed hypotheses, we found that this sample was largely unconstrained, which speaks to the relative affluence and privilege of the sample. Future research should therefore investigate constraints faced by other underrepresented groups, such as those with low incomes or racial and ethnic minorities, to see what facilitation strategies might be employed to continue increasing participation in elite sports. Subscribe to JPRA","PeriodicalId":223577,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126713026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}