{"title":"A study on Metaverse risk factors and user risk perception in South Korea","authors":"SunKyung Shin , Jooyeun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to identify and categorize risks associated with the use of Metaverse platforms like Roblox, ZEPETO, and ifland, and to provide recommendations for creating a safer Metaverse environment. Based on a comprehensive literature review of Metaverse risks, this study identified a total of 21 specific risk factors. An online survey of 715 users assessed perceived risks (Risk Occurrence × Risk Seriousness). The survey analysis revealed the following key findings. Firstly, Metaverse platform users rated both Risk Occurrence and Risk Seriousness of Cyberbullying and Harassment as high, resulting in this factor having the highest overall Risk Perception. This elevated Risk Perception was observed not only among both male and female users but also across age groups from users in their 20s–40s. In contrast, users aged 50 and above displayed the highest Risk Perception for Language Destruction. Among platforms, ZEPETO recorded the highest level of Risk Perception, followed by Roblox and ifland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hee Soo Kim , Yumi Jang , Sang Hyun Lee , Seongcheol Kim
{"title":"How to relieve mobile network overload from mobile over-the-top (OTT) traffic: Proposing a user-based content-sharing solution","authors":"Hee Soo Kim , Yumi Jang , Sang Hyun Lee , Seongcheol Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, a growing number of over-the-top (OTT) service users access content through mobile devices with dynamic consumption patterns, and enhanced mobility allows them to enjoy OTT content anytime and anywhere. However, mobile network infrastructures are struggling to keep up with this rising demand, leading to more frequent access delays and playback errors for users. To improve the OTT experience by enhancing the speed and reliability of content delivery while reducing the operational burden on mobile network operators (MNOs), this study proposes a novel approach that utilizes sociotemporal dynamics and trust among OTT service users to enable more efficient content distribution and sharing. To validate this approach, an agent-based model (ABM) testbed was developed to simulate an ecosystem for OTT content sharing that reflects the social context of user mobility and daily activities. The simulation results reveal that a content-sharing solution based on user trust can effectively reduce mobile data traffic. Building on this insight, we introduce a networking approach called ‘friendship-assisted relaying and distribution’ (FREND), which leverages social relationships to enhance content-sharing networks. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the FREND solution outperforms traditional physical caching techniques in practical scenarios, offering a more efficient solution for managing mobile data traffic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 102931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Covadonga Gijón, Fernando Fernández-Bonilla, Aurora Ruíz-Rúa
{"title":"Different approaches to Spanish e-government: From use to impact","authors":"Covadonga Gijón, Fernando Fernández-Bonilla, Aurora Ruíz-Rúa","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the factors that determine the use of e-government services in Spain. It identifies key determinants, including e-services usage synergies, e-trust, e-skills and socio-demographic determinants of e-government use as an outcome of a logit model with national data from 2023. The main results highlight the key role of ICT skills, confidence in technology and the quality of Internet connectivity, revealing significant disparities between socio-economic groups. Meanwhile, it explores the second and third levels of the digital divide, with a special focus on the information and ICT domain and its effective application, analysing the penetration and main uses of e-government in Spain. Policy recommendations call for the enhancement of digital literacy, the fostering of trust in e-government and the improvement of Internet access for vulnerable populations to promote inclusive digital governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeongjun Yeo , Won-Sik Hwang , Kiyoon Shin , Chanyoung Hong , Inha Oh , Sungmoon Jung , Jeong-Dong Lee
{"title":"Dualistic nature of the 4IR: Investigating the economy-wide impacts of the 4IR with a focus on Korean economy using a CGE analysis","authors":"Yeongjun Yeo , Won-Sik Hwang , Kiyoon Shin , Chanyoung Hong , Inha Oh , Sungmoon Jung , Jeong-Dong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantitatively assesses and projects the socioeconomic impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) with a focus on the South Korean economy. We have developed a policy simulation framework using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to capture the intricate interplay between 4IR-driven technological advances and various economic sectors. The CGE analysis endeavors to quantify the widespread implications of 4IR technological changes in terms of GDP, industrial production, labor market dynamics, and income distribution. The study constructs various policy scenarios predicated on the diffusion of 4IR technologies and the conditions within the labor market. From the CGE analysis, it is evident that the 4IR exerts a dualistic impact on the economic system, where it offers opportunities for economic growth and efficiency while concurrently risking an exacerbation of labor market polarization and income inequality. However, the simulation results imply that strategic workforce development, synchronized with the adoption of 4IR technologies through lifelong learning and skill enhancement, is essential to soften the adverse effects of swift technological advancements and to ensure the benefits of the 4IR are equitably distributed across the economy. Our study advocates for a balanced approach that recognizes the unique potential and challenges of each sector and aims to support the workforce across all levels of skill and income.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic, political, and social factors impeding the regulation of digital platforms","authors":"Martha Garcia-Murillo , Ian MacInnes","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes the economic forces that led to the creation of the dominant digital platforms, including Google, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, and Apple (GAMMA). There are many challenges in regulating big tech, considering the economic, political, and social factors involved. In the economic sphere, the reinforcing effects of networks and big data give GAMMA an advantage over new entrants and smaller players. They generate insights about consumers and innovate more easily due to collecting and analyzing vast amounts of information. They have a great advantage due to their size and have been sued for abuse of their power. In terms of politics, speech online has polarized US society, but it is difficult to regulate despite the harassment, bullying, and vigilantism that is fostered and the children that it has harmed. Numerous factors hinder regulation, so alternative methods will be necessary to minimize their negative impacts on society. These can include education and professional associations to establish standards. Non-government stakeholders will need to develop information, tools, and guidelines that can limit the harm done by these dominant platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A market analysis on data ecosystem initiators and their value propositions in different ecosystems","authors":"Maarten de Mildt, Sofie Verbrugge, Didier Colle","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of data ecosystems is proposed as a solution to organise and manage increasingly complex data processes. A common narrative found in literature is that, using an ecosystem approach, an increased amount of data will be available, of higher quality, and this will lead to an increase in innovation. Even though these benefits seem promising at first, data ecosystems are not standard practice yet. A critical look at the way the market is implementing this concept is needed. A market analysis was performed on the different services that initiate and support data ecosystems. Three main ecosystem types, based on their scope, were identified: (1) single-organisation ecosystems, (2) application domain specific ecosystems, and (3) cross-domain ecosystems. Challenging these benefits of data ecosystems, this market analysis revealed that achieving the innovation potential and actual data reuse remains a challenge, especially for more broadly scoped ecosystems. Consequently, a successful data ecosystem implementation will require a critical assessment of its data reuse and innovation potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It's just distributed computing: Rethinking AI governance","authors":"Milton L. Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What we now lump under the unitary label “artificial intelligence” is not a single technology, but a highly varied set of machine learning applications enabled and supported by a globally ubiquitous system of distributed computing. The paper introduces a 4 part conceptual framework for analyzing the structure of that system, which it labels the digital ecosystem. What we now call “AI” is then shown to be a general functionality of distributed computing. \"AI” has been present in primitive forms from the origins of digital computing in the 1950s. Three short case studies show that large-scale machine learning applications have been present in the digital ecosystem ever since the rise of the Internet. and provoked the same public policy concerns that we now associate with “AI.” The governance problems of “AI” are really caused by the development of this digital ecosystem, not by LLMs or other recent applications of machine learning. The paper then examines five recent proposals to “govern AI”and maps them to the constituent elements of the digital ecosystem model. This mapping shows that real-world attempts to assert governance authority over AI capabilities requires systemic control of all four elements of the digital ecosystem: data, computing power, networks and software. “Governing AI,” in other words, means total control of distributed computing. A better alternative is to focus governance and regulation upon specific applications of machine learning. An application-specific approach to governance allows for a more decentralized, freer and more effective method of solving policy conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of FoMO and FoBO on YouTube summary video consumption: A social identity perspective","authors":"In-Young Park, Hyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of over-the-top (OTT) services provides users with an enormous amount of contents, but the increased choice can lead to user fatigues. Faced with time constraints and difficulties in content selection, individuals increasingly turn to summarized content to quickly obtain the information they seek, potentially leading to heightened media dependence. Additionally, social anxiety—specifically the fear of missing out (FoMO) and fear of better options (FoBO) — arising from social comparison is a critical factor that motivate people to actively engage with digital media to avoid exclusion. This study aimed to examine how individuals use and depend on media to construct social identity within their social groups in the digital era. A survey was conducted among those who watched YouTube summary video (n = 483). The result revealed that individuals with a strong social identity experience higher levels of both FoMO and FoBO. Notably, FoMO significantly influenced dependence on summary videos, as anxiety about missing out on information related to popular content led viewers to rely on these videos for quick updates. This study elucidates the role of social anxiety in shaping media consumption behavior in the digital age and provides insight into the psychological mechanisms underlying a new form of content consumption— summary videos. These findings have significant implications for content creators and platforms in designing effective marketing strategies that account for the psychological drivers of consumer behavior. Furthermore, this study suggests the need for a more flexible copyright policy regarding summary videos to facilitate content expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 102909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Into the next generation of digital protection: AI resiliency as a public responsibility","authors":"Eli Noam","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even as the reliability of networks has risen, their control mechanisms up in the hierarchy of digital activities have become more vulnerable. Artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly embedded in infrastructure and economic systems and their resiliency is essential for social and economic stability. This has led to widespread dystopic fears and defensive regulations, ignoring the considerable positives of AI-enhanced activities and institutions. AI resiliency problems include hardware failures, natural calamities, human error, software defects, and external attacks. AI networks of AI networks have emerged with high interdependence and complexity. Operations are often non-transparent ‘black boxes’ operating at lightning speeds, and hard to oversee or fix by humans. Most likely is a control of AI by other AI. This raises the question of human responsibility. The article examines various responses, including technology tools, managerial actions, self-regulation, and a role for government. The latter include rules evolving with technology and applications in a dynamic common law approach for liability, transparency, performance, market structure, interoperation, and more. Needed are principles for a ‘shared intelligence’ of humans with AI, with clear protocols for human overrides of AI. All this raises a new agenda for policymakers, managers, and researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 102907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rob McMahon , Murat Akçayır , Brenda Norris , Lyle Fabian
{"title":"Assessing the impacts of low-earth orbital satellite systems in remote indigenous communities: Social and economic outcomes of use in northern Canada","authors":"Rob McMahon , Murat Akçayır , Brenda Norris , Lyle Fabian","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant efforts to enhance digital connectivity in Canada's Far North, connectivity issues persist, particularly in small rural/remote communities. The recent emergence of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites may present one solution due to their lower latency, higher bandwidth, and potentially reduced costs when compared to traditional geostationary satellites. However, available primary data on user experiences with LEO satellite services remains limited. In this context, we present the results of an empirical study exploring the early-stage impact of LEO satellite technologies in two remote communities in the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada. Drawing from digital divide and digital inclusion research, we demonstrate how the introduction of new satellite technologies impacts first- and third-level digital divides in geographically remote, small population communities. Our study found that compared to other available satellite services, subscribers to Starlink's LEO satellite services experienced better internet speed, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, with notable improvements in digital access and engagement in online activities. This illustrates how LEO services may contribute to digital inclusion by supporting the social and economic outcomes of internet access. However, concerns remain over persistent first-level digital divide challenges including the affordability and reliability of these new services, particularly given high initial costs and lack of local technical support. We also note the trade-offs for local economies that accompany the adoption of such services, such as reliance on propretiary end-user terminals and highly centralized business operations. Future research will continue to track user experiences and the broader impact of LEO services in rural/remote Indigenous communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 102912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}