{"title":"Qualitative analysis of structural holes in emerging media industries: Evidence from Taiwan’s Over-The-Top Industry","authors":"Wen-yi Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the relationships, structural holes, and structural hole spanners among Taiwan’s over-the-top (OTT) operators. It explored whether Taiwan’s local OTT operators can serve as bridges or structural hole spanners within this network. Qualitative structural analysis was performed, in-depth interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Five themes were identified: (1) loose networks among local Taiwanese OTT players, with Netflix as a bridge; (2) Netflix as a structural hole spanner in Taiwan’s OTT network; (3) Netflix’s advantage from being a structural hole spanner, with local players lacking a reciprocal relationship; (4) reinforced structural holes in the Taiwanese OTT industry; and (5) opportunities for local Taiwanese OTT operators to gain an advantage. The findings identified the existence of structural holes and the following four dimensions of disconnection: structural holes from a lack of global-scale capital among local players, structural holes due to an imbalance between production and sales, weakness of local platforms leading to expanded structural holes, and structural holes in the OTT industry allowing piracy actors to play bridging roles. Domestic operators lack strong platforms, market share, and scale, with most struggling to build brands, highlighting their limited key resources. Overall, domestic operators hold no significant competitive advantage. The findings pave the way for identifying strategies to improve the industry’s structure to prevent local OTT players from becoming even more marginalized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102974"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resilience in telecommunications networks: A Korean case study","authors":"Min Hyeok Kang, Seongcheol Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As telecommunications networks become an indispensable element of social infrastructure, their resilience is gaining significant attention worldwide. However, to date, there is little academic research on the interaction between resilience and telecommunications networks. Furthermore, there is a lack of practical studies addressing this topic using real-world experiences and lessons gleaned from them. To address this gap, this study examines research trends in the field of resilience in telecommunications networks by conducting bibliometric analysis and topic model analysis. In addition, this study underlines the major threats to resilience in these networks and South Korea's status in terms of dealing with such threats. Three dominant thematic clusters—digital transformation, resilience management, and network resilience—have emerged from conducting a topic modeling analysis, each aligning closely with real-world cases of telecommunications disruptions in South Korea. To complement these results with practical insights, the study further explores four case studies on South Korea, covering cyberattacks, infrastructure failures, and climate-induced outages. South Korea, one of the world's most digitally connected countries, offers a relevant case context given its high dependence on telecommunications services and vulnerability to both cyber and environmental risks. Based on the findings, this study highlights the importance of enhancing “resilience literacy” among all stakeholders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102987"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating private costs in a descending clock auction: The FCC’s rural digital opportunity fund","authors":"Ignacio J. Núñez","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) distributes subsidies to broadband providers to offer high-speed broadband in unserved areas. This article examines the FCC’s largest program to date, the 2020 Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) auction, which distributed billions of dollars and replaced a subsidy mechanism based on engineering cost estimates. I propose a novel model to estimate the private costs of an incumbent wireline provider in areas adjacent to the incumbent’s existing infrastructure. In the model, the incumbent bids for each area up to their private cost, whereas rival bidders include entrant providers that solve a dynamic bidding problem accounting for fixed and interconnection costs. I apply the model to a major incumbent in the RDOF. The findings show that the incumbent received modest rents, almost 70% lower than under the engineering cost estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncovering the impact of IP location display on user behavior in China's social platforms: A policy-driven analysis","authors":"Jiaxuan Li , Yifan Luo , Qinjian Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the impact of IP location display policies on user behavior on social media platforms, this study conducted a main experiment and three extended experiments. Based on Panopticon theory and Privacy calculus theory, this study used a Difference-in-Differences approach in the main experiment to analyze the impact of IP location display policies on the user comments volume, emotion expression and privacy disclosure. Additionally, this study employed dynamic topic modeling, text mining techniques and Regression Discontinuity Design in the extended study to explore the geographical heterogeneity of IP location display policies, the impact on user comment dynamics, and location-based incivility. The findings not only deepen the understanding of social media privacy and IP location policy research, but also provide valuable insights for online policymakers, social media platform managers and Internet users about the impact of IP location display.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A question of strategic legislation: Can the EU deal with cybersecurity issues in space?","authors":"Francesco Cappelletti , Vagelis Papakonstantinou","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the impact of novel and forthcoming regulations on the European Union's (EU) strategic projection, focusing on space systems and their wide-ranging effects on services for European citizens and related industries. By examining space legislation and cybersecurity, this research provides an analytical perspective on whether the EU has implemented strategic regulations in shared competency, focusing on space and international security. While European Member States face the challenge of implementing national space strategies, the relevance of the EU extends beyond internal market and industry considerations, showcasing the Union's capabilities in implementing regulations defined in this study as ‘strategic’.</div><div>This paper aims to contribute to the academic discourse by bridging the gap between legislative studies and cybersecurity in space. The idea is to use the space domain, examine the intersection of space systems and cybersecurity and its unique challenges, and propose a new framework for evaluating EU regulations as instruments of strategic power. The relevance of these domains allows the authors to present the concept of strategic legislation and its relevance for the future of the domains studied in this paper. The EU's unique characteristics of shared competencies in a shared domain (i.e., space) offer unique perspectives on the Union's potential to lead in establishing international standards for space cybersecurity while presenting theoretical insights and practical recommendations for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 102954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transforming cybersecurity with agentic AI to combat emerging cyber threats","authors":"Nir Kshetri","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the transformative potential of agentic AI in cybersecurity, specifically addressing how it can enhance practices in response to emerging threats. It aims to explore how agentic AI can transform cybersecurity practices, particularly in addressing new and evolving threats, while also examining the cybersecurity risks associated with its integration. The research explores the possibilities for agentic AI to automate critical tasks within Security Operations Centers (SOCs), such as decision-making, incident response, and threat detection. It also emphasizes the risks associated with AI integration, including the introduction of new vulnerabilities and challenges in managing automated systems, which call for a reassessment of existing cybersecurity frameworks to effectively address these risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cornelia Brantner , Michael Karlsson , Joanne Kuai
{"title":"Sourcing behavior and the role of news media in AI-powered search engines in the digital media ecosystem: Comparing political news retrieval across five languages","authors":"Cornelia Brantner , Michael Karlsson , Joanne Kuai","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role of news media in the context of generative AI-enhanced search engines, focusing on the 2024 Taiwan presidential election. Using Microsoft’s Copilot, we conducted a comparative analysis by prompting election news in five languages: English, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, German, and Swedish. While Copilot uses mainly professional news media, provides quick access to synthesized information, and exhibits source transparency, it frequently creates misinformation and misattributes news sources. The analysis highlights variations in Copilot’s sourcing behavior, showing a strong reliance on English-language sources, particularly those from the UK and US, across different prompting languages. Such reliance raises concerns about the homogenization of information and the marginalization of regional perspectives. The study underscores the critical role and dilemma of news media, which, while serving as authoritative sources in democratic societies, must navigate an increasing AI-mediated information ecosystem to maintain autonomy vis-à-vis powerful technological infrastructures. By evaluating Copilot’s sourcing practices and misinformation prevalence, this research contributes to the discourse on AI’s impact on news dissemination, media diversity, and democratic processes. Specifically, we discuss the consequences of two approaches available to news media to prevent their content from being used without compensation: opting out of crawling (“platform counterbalancing”) or establishing partnerships with AI companies. Current regulatory efforts, including copyright reforms and the EU AI Act, fall short of safeguarding journalism or regulating AI. We propose policy and regulatory recommendations to improve transparency, factual correctness, accuracy in source attribution, and accountability in AI-generated content, supporting informed citizenship in the digital age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 102952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating structural and behavioral remedies for anticompetitive conducts in the ad tech ecosystem","authors":"Alexander Witte, Jan Krämer","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alphabet’s extensive vertical integration across the ad tech stack has come under increased scrutiny from competition authorities. This paper examines how Alphabet’s alleged leveraging practices, including tying of first-party inventory and data, restrictive interoperability, and discriminatory auction rules, undermine multihoming and foreclose rival intermediaries. Drawing on a structured analysis of anticompetitive effects and claimed efficiencies, we show that purely behavioral remedies would require constant, resource-intensive oversight in an opaque, rapidly evolving ecosystem. By contrast, a more focused structural realignment, specifically divesting Alphabet’s buy-side services from its publisher-facing operations, directly removes conflicts of interest while refraining from intrusive divestiture of consumer-facing platforms. This targeted breakup has the potential to foster genuine competition across the ad tech value chain, mitigates the need for perpetual monitoring, and if complemented by behavioral remedies, preserves important efficiencies that benefit advertisers, publishers, and users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 102955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building an ecosystem for mobile broadband measurement: Methods and policy challenges","authors":"Zoraida Frias , William Lehr , Volker Stocker","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile broadband networks constitute essential infrastructure to enable a wide range of innovative services and use cases that will shape the future of the digital economy. As this digital economy evolves, capabilities to collect more fine-grained measurements and generate analytics that deliver insights for real-time network management and localized control are expanding across contexts, technologies, and stakeholders. With broadband value chains becoming increasingly diverse, dynamic, and complex, a robust measurement ecosystem for mobile broadband is necessary to (i) allow service providers to manage and develop their networks, (ii) ensure transparency levels that facilitate informed decisions by end-users and the efficient operation of markets, and (iii) facilitate evidence-based policymaking. As the methods used to collect measurement data are changing, the ecosystem of stakeholders with strategic interests in mobile measurement is growing, posing both new challenges and opportunities for policymakers. This paper explores the evolving measurement requirements and methods and discusses key features of a capable and reliable measurement ecosystem for mobile broadband. We document how the evolving measurement methods are being adopted in several critical broadband policy issues. We find that a healthy measurement ecosystem will need to confront the challenge of reconciling diverse stakeholder perspectives on what measurements should be conducted and how they should be used. Additionally, managing the shared costs of supporting the necessary measurement capabilities and infrastructure represent an additional strategic challenge. Lastly, we explain that governments and telecom regulators have a key role to play as designers, orchestrators disseminators of trustworthy measurement data, and as managers/adjudicators of measurement disputes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 102905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can digital literacy improve income mobility? Evidence from China","authors":"Juan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.102960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital literacy represents a new form of human capital in the digital age. Investigating the role of digital literacy in facilitating upward income mobility for households is crucial for enhancing income mobility and advancing social equity. This paper empirically investigates the effects and mechanisms of digital literacy on income mobility, utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS). The paper reveals that digital literacy enhances upward income mobility for households by facilitating non-farm employment, entrepreneurship, and engagement in financial markets. Further analysis reveals that digital literacy is more conducive to upward income mobility for households with low physical, human, and social capital. Finally, the two external environments of digital financial inclusion and e-commerce have moderating effects. The more advanced digital financial inclusion and e-commerce, the more significant the contribution of digital literacy to upward household income mobility. This study offers new approaches for promoting household income mobility and maintaining social stability in the digital age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 6","pages":"Article 102960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}