Telecommunications Policy最新文献

{"title":"The effect of the digital economy on total factor productivity in European regions","authors":"Naqeeb Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Giulia Nunziante","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The digital economy, most backed by proliferation of information and technology (ICTs), provides impressive opportunities for firms, regions and countries productivity growth. This paper investigates the effect of the digital economy proxied by e-government, e-commerce, and household internet users at home on total factor productivity-measured using Törnqvist index across 182 EU27 NUTS2 regions over the period 2006 to 2020. For robustness of the results, we also use Malmquist index method. By deploying system GMM estimation, we find that digital economy has positive and significant impact on total factor productivity across the European regions. Therefore, public policies should support investment in digital infrastructure, and improve the digital literacy across laggard regions of Europe. Such policies would remove digital inequalities across European regions and increase total factor productivity towards EU social and economic cohesion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92060831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifting a regulatory millstone around 5G investors’ neck – 5G network slicing versus EU-net neutrality?","authors":"Christian Koenig,&nbsp;Anton Veidt","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Highly quality-sensitive 5G use cases, such as metaverse-type applications, connected and autonomous driving or digitalised health applications, are the future of the mobile internet. These use cases will rely on 5G network slicing technology to ensure scalability and individually calibrated Quality of Service (QoS) levels. New electronic communications services ensuring specific QoS levels are subject to EU-net neutrality rules laid down in Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 and are currently being assessed by national regulatory authorities (NRAs) on a case-by-case basis. As acknowledged by the European Commission (EC) in its recent report on the implementation of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120, this case-by-case approach results in legal uncertainty and acts as barrier to investments and innovation. In particular, it is often unclear to internet service providers (ISPs) if innovative quality-sensitive content, applications or services may be delivered via specialised services in accordance with Article 3 (5) of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120. The purpose of the article is to show a way to enhance legal certainty in the application of Article 3 (5) of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120 while preserving the fundamental digital rights of end-users regarding equal and non-discriminatory treatment of data traffic by ISPs as well as transparency. Specifically, striking this delicate balance could be achieved by introducing rebuttable presumptions to shift the burden of proving that “<em>optimisation is necessary in order to meet requirements of the content, applications or services for a specific level of quality</em>” (Article 3 (5) subpara. 1 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120) and that specialised services are “<em>not […] to the detriment of the availability or general quality of internet access services for end-users</em>” (Article 3 (5) subpara. 2 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2120) away from ISPs and towards NRAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital economy and settlement intention of migrants in urban China","authors":"Jianyu Ren ,&nbsp;Zhitao Xu ,&nbsp;Mingzhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper utilizes data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) and the digital economy index at the city level to empirically examine the impact of the digital economy on migrants’ settlement intention. The results reveal a substantial enhancement in migrants' settlement intention due to the digital economy, and these findings remain robust when considering model misspecification, measurement error, and endogeneity of the digital economy. Furthermore, the digital economy contributes to migrants' settlement intention by fostering entrepreneurial activities and augmenting household income. Additionally, we find a significant and positive effect of the digital economy on the settlement intention of migrants with agricultural hukou, while no significant effect is observed for migrants with non-agricultural hukou. Overall, this study offers novel insights into strategies for promoting urbanization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the US amateur-radio community through a polycentricity lens","authors":"Pedro Bustamante ,&nbsp;Marcela Gomez ,&nbsp;William Lehr ,&nbsp;Ilia Murtazashvili ,&nbsp;Ali Palida ,&nbsp;Martin BH. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amateur radio (AR) operators provide societal services in public safety, spectrum applications, and training future experts. However, benefits derived from these services are challenging to define formally or contractually, resulting in potential under-provisioning in traditional market economies. We propose that communities like AR that aim to promote such open-ended innovation may not benefit from exclusive-resource rights and trading. Instead of market mechanisms, non-exclusive rights regimes can be analyzed through a lens of polycentricity, but such regimes require consensus on adaptable non-market governance rules and incentive-compatible mechanisms for monitoring, sanctioning, and exclusion of nonmembers. Our AR case study exemplifies stakeholders replacing market governance with nonexclusive property-rights models to harmonize diverse autonomous entities in producing open-ended societal services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of China in AI governance through standardisation","authors":"Marta Cantero Gamito","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial intelligence systems (AIS) are subject to technical standardisation. Technical standards are primarily developed within standard developing organisations (SDOs) traditionally operating under consensus-based, community- and largely industry-driven processes. Governments are increasingly interested in technical standards’ development, accentuating the political dimension of standardisation. This article explores the contribution of technical standardisation to the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and asks whose views are being implemented in the development of non-state rules for AI. The article, based on empirical research, focuses on the changing governance structure of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Overall, the discussion offers an overview of the existing geopolitics in AI-related standardisation and contributes to the scholarship on AI and digital governance by exploring the role of technical standardisation as a tool in AI governance. The research finds an increasing Chinese representation in international standardisation and argues that the political use of standardisation can lead to China establishing its own vision of digital governance. Consequently, the article suggest that China is using participation in recognised SDOs to legitimate its vision for digital governance calling for a re-examination of standardisation considering its implications for democracy and the protection of human rights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The geopolitics of next generation mobile communication standardization: The case of open RAN","authors":"Mi-jin Kim ,&nbsp;Doyoung Eom ,&nbsp;Heejin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The U.S. confrontation with China in technology has been escalating. One of the triggers is China's rise in 5G standardization and its lead in the telecommunications equipment market, which causes security concerns. In response, the U.S. promotes Open RAN as an alternative to the Chinese providers' proprietary solutions. It is claimed to enable the establishment and operation of open and safer networks for 5G and beyond. This paper examines why and how the U.S. promotes Open RAN and what the responses are from other countries. We find that the U.S. government's strong support for the development and dissemination of Open RAN signals its techno-nationalistic turn in international standardization. The origin of Open RAN is geopolitical in the sense that it represents a reaction to China's lead in 5G standardization. The geopolitical perspective is strengthened as we find the formation of alliances in support of Open RAN. A refreshed approach of the U.S. to standardization has introduced a new dynamic to cooperation and competition for setting the global rules on next-generation mobile communication technologies as well as emerging technologies. Standards are increasingly at the core of the ongoing geopolitical technology competition, and as such further investigation is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using spectrum allocations to address indigenous rights claims: The case of New Zealand","authors":"Bronwyn Howell,&nbsp;Xin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In February 2022, the New Zealand Government announced that a yet-to-be-formed “Māori Spectrum Entity” would “receive an ongoing allocation of 20 percent of future national commercial spectrum allocations, at no cost.” This is in addition to the 25 percent of spectrum designated for 5G technology (mid-band, 3.4–3.8 GHz) under the Māori Spectrum Working Group agreement. The novel arrangement, which creates a perpetual obligation rather than simply a one-off transfer, appears to settle a long-standing dispute between the Māori indigenous people of New Zealand and the Government regarding a claim under an 1840 treaty that Māori were entitled to a share of spectrum due to their historic property rights and the Government's obligation to ensure that their language could flourish. Further support apparently derives from New Zealand's obligations as a signatory to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.</p><p>The decision is notable for the lack of analysis of the expected effects on long-standing sector competition and efficiency objectives in the New Zealand telecommunications industry. Importantly, it introduces a tension into New Zealand spectrum policy between the (historic) allocation of spectrum rights to achieve the most economically efficient future outcome for the benefit of all New Zealanders (including all Māori), and the (post-memorandum) allocation where a preferential set-aside has been created to address a narrow distributional objective in spectrum “ownership” and governance involving only a subset of the population identifying as Māori.</p><p>While raising the latter question, this paper addresses the competition and economic efficiency issues absent so far in official consideration of the arrangement. Using comparative economic and policy analysis, we find that while wealth and control is transferred from the Crown to the Māori entity, the Māori entity faces very different opportunities and incentives to deploy the spectrum in the most socially-useful manner compared to commercial operators. The “set-aside” creates both artificial scarcity for commercial spectrum and alters the strategic options for all parties due to the Māori rights being perpetual and not subject to the same terms and conditions as commercial spectrum. Additional burdens are imposed on New Zealand telecommunications service consumers not borne by those in jurisdictions without such policies, and relative to the counterfactual of full open auction of the relevant rights.</p><p>We conclude that the agreement effectively subjugates sector competition and efficiency objectives to distributional concerns. Furthermore, granting specific policy development rights to the Māori entity suggests the agreement is not simply a vehicle for administering Māori spectrum but instead establishes a constitutional “co-governance” partnership between a state agency and the Māori entity governing future New Zealand spectrum policy. These fundamental c","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596123001532/pdfft?md5=bae3018a076a9c53bb57d73269288f99&pid=1-s2.0-S0308596123001532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92060828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do subscribers of mobile networks care about Data Throttling?","authors":"Christoph Bauner,&nbsp;Augusto Espin","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Network neutrality mandates have been made out either as necessary to ensure a level playing field in online markets or, alternatively, as overly restrictive regulation preventing innovation and investment. However, there is little empirical research on the consequences of data throttling, which becomes legal without network neutrality regulations. We combine throughput levels measured for mobile ISPs in the United States with usage data to explore how sensitive users are to such practices. We find no evidence that users change their behavior when faced with throttled data rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92014042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring incumbent ISP response to municipal broadband opt-out referenda in Colorado","authors":"Steven W. Landgraf","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how the quality of Internet service from existing providers is affected when voters in Colorado approve referenda eliminating a barrier to their local governments providing broadband service. Using a difference-in-differences framework, the research design exploits variation in the timing of a community’s approval of a referendum in order to examine whether incumbent private providers adjust their speed offerings in response to the signal that public entry is more likely. Faster upgrades could suggest that incumbents do so to deter public entry or that potential competition is quality-enhancing. Slower upgrades could suggest that public entry threats deter investment in quality. I find no evidence that cable providers’ upgrading behavior responds to the passage of a referendum. However, after a municipality passes a referendum, the largest DSL provider in the state offers speeds in that local area 11%–26% lower than what they would have been otherwise. I find weak evidence that small-time DSL providers substantially upgrade speeds after a referendum passes. Analyses of a referendum’s effect on subscription rates are inconclusive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92059879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive effects of mergers and of spectrum divestment remedies in mobile telecommunication markets","authors":"Duarte Brito ,&nbsp;Helder Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by recent mergers in mobile telecommunications markets, this paper investigates the merger induced effects on consumer surplus in a setting where: (i) the industry is modeled as a triopoly in which firms sell products that are both horizontally and vertically differentiated; (ii) the merging parties are able to pool their spectrum assets; and (iii) the joint management of pooled spectrum assets enables merging parties to offer a better quality service, for which customers are willing to pay more. From a merger policy perspective, our contribution is two-fold. First, we conclude that mergers may benefit consumers even in the absence of any cost-related efficiencies and establish under which circumstances this is more likely to occur. Second, our results also indicate that when the merger has a negative impact on consumer surplus, remedies based on reallocation of spectrum are not very likely to change this outcome. The reason is that the circumstances under which the merger is unlikely to benefit consumers are precisely those under which spectrum reallocation will be unable to fix merger-induced anticompetitive effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596123001374/pdfft?md5=fb43c0c4af347c4dee83a163af5f705e&pid=1-s2.0-S0308596123001374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92060827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}