Tanzania Journal of Science最新文献_第10页

Phytochemical Constituents, Haematological Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Isolated Oil of Rosary Pea (Abrus precatorius) in Wistar Rat Fed with High Lipid Diet 高脂饲料喂养Wistar大鼠玫瑰豆分离油的植物化学成分、血液学活性及GC-MS分析

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.13

O. Iyekowa, Opara V. Ndubuisi

{"title":"Phytochemical Constituents, Haematological Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Isolated Oil of Rosary Pea (Abrus precatorius) in Wistar Rat Fed with High Lipid Diet","authors":"O. Iyekowa, Opara V. Ndubuisi","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.13","url":null,"abstract":"The study is aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents and haematological activities of the isolated oil in Wistar rat fed with high lipid diet. Powdered leaves of Abrus precatorious were extracted and phytochemical screening was done according to prescribed standard methods, while vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) was adopted for oil isolation of the crude extract and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly arranged into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) and treated under certain conditions. Haematological analyses were performed according to standard procedures. Saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides were present. Oil constituents like octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) (35.30%), a saturated fatty acid was among the components detected in the isolated brown oil. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the levels of white blood cells (WBC) among the experimental groups (D and E), while mean corpsular haemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with experimental group E (receiving high dose of the extract). This study indicated that methanol extract of A. precatorius can offer protection against blockage or plaques caused by high lipid diet. \u0000Keywords: Abrus precatorius, phytochemicals, histology, haematology","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76430760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Constraining the Origin and Age of the Thermal and Cold Water in the Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania 坦桑尼亚北部Natron湖盆地冷热水的成因与时代研究

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.8

Edista A. Abdallah, C. H. Kasanzu, C. Kinabo, A. Imai, M. Butler

{"title":"Constraining the Origin and Age of the Thermal and Cold Water in the Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania","authors":"Edista A. Abdallah, C. H. Kasanzu, C. Kinabo, A. Imai, M. Butler","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Springs on the eastern and western shores of Lake Natron Basin (LNB), located within the eastern branch of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) in Northern Tanzania had a discharge temperature that ranged between 34.0 °C and 51.2 °C, while the pH varied from 8.0 to 10.7. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 5,007 µS/cm and 49,200 µS/cm. Cold waters had a temperature of 31.9 °C to 32.5 °C, while the pH ranged between 8.0 and 8.3, and the EC ranged between 1,401 µS/cm and 3,806 µS/cm. The stable isotope composition varied between -2.4 ‰ and -5.3 ‰ for δ18O, and -15.5 ‰ to -29.3 ‰ for δ2H. The isotopic composition of thermal and cold water of LNB indicates a significant contribution of meteoric water in the recharge of the hydrothermal system. However, thermal water is affected by evaporation, water-rock interaction, carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange and condensation processes. Tritium analysis indicated that the spring water in the LNB hydrothermal system has a residence time of more than 50 years. \u0000Keywords: thermal water; Lake Natron Basin; stable isotopes; springs. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76221130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Enhancing Germination of Seeds of a Multipurpose Tree Species Combretum molle 促进多用途树种Combretum molle种子萌发的研究

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.7

S. M. Andrew

{"title":"Enhancing Germination of Seeds of a Multipurpose Tree Species Combretum molle","authors":"S. M. Andrew","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don (Combretaceae) is a highly valued indigenous multipurpose tree species that has gained considerable attention in recent times due to its importance as a medicinal plant as well as an alternative species for wood and charcoal production. However, we lack adequate information on simple and appropriate methods that could be used to break its distinct seed dormancy to support domestication of wild populations apparently undergoing over exploitation and the negative impacts of deforestation. Eight pre-treatment methods involving complete removal of wing, complete removal of mesocarp, overnight soaking in cold water (24 °C) and partial removal of wing by scorching with fire, and their combinations were tested against the seed dormancy. Of all, the complete removal of mesocarp and overnight soaking in cold water followed with additional soaking in cold water for 24 h took the shortest imbibition (2 days) and germination (7 days) periods, highest germination value (76) and germination energy (80%). Similarly, the same treatment scored significantly (P < 0.05) higher cumulative germination of 72%. To obtain best germination traits, C. molle seeds should be pre-treated by removing the mesocarp and overnight soaking in cold water followed with additional soaking in cold water for 24 h, before sowing. These results have wide implications including supporting domestication and forest landscapes restoration in Tanzania. \u0000Keywords: Domestication; Restoration; Indigenous species; Dormancy; Lesser known species \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mineralogical and Physicomechanical Characterization of Kaolinitic Clay from Moshi, Northern Tanzania for Potential Ceramic Utilization 坦桑尼亚北部Moshi高岭石粘土的矿物学和物理力学特征及其潜在的陶瓷利用价值

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.19

Samwel Paul Mziray, H. Hellar-Kihampa, Esther Jason Lugwisha, L. Akwilapo

{"title":"Mineralogical and Physicomechanical Characterization of Kaolinitic Clay from Moshi, Northern Tanzania for Potential Ceramic Utilization","authors":"Samwel Paul Mziray, H. Hellar-Kihampa, Esther Jason Lugwisha, L. Akwilapo","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Kaolin clay from Moshi, northern Tanzania has been characterized for potential ceramics productions. Clay samples taken from three different levels of the deposit were analysed by XRD and XRF. Firing experiments were carried out on experimental briquettes at a maximum temperature of 1300 °C at the rate of 100 °C/hour. The results revealed dominance of kaolinite and illite in the raw clay. The samples were composed majorly by silica (36.88–41.62%), alumina (30.83–32.40%) and hematite (9.29–12.70%). Granulometric analysis showed that the amount of clay decreased with deposit depth. The physicomechanical properties of the clay fired at the optimal temperature of 1300 °C included shrinkage (22.06–30.72%), water absorption (18.23–20.15%), bulk density (1.834–2.182 g/cm3) and modulus of rupture (2.957–6.313 MPa). Mullite was the key component responsible for mechanical strength. Clay sample from the top level showed the best properties. The parameters were of satisfactory quality and comparable to other ceramically suitable clays. High levels of Fe2O3 (> 9%) could adversely affect the translucency of whitewares. These findings indicate that the investigated kaolin has potential of being used in the ceramic industry for making materials such as non-vitreous tiles, bricks and various high-temperature products that do not require high brightness specifications. \u0000Keywords: Clay mineralogy, firing temperature, microstructure characterization, ceramic properties, Tanzanian kaolin.","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89187605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Performance Investigations of the Charging and Discharging Processes in a 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System 三罐蓄热系统充放电过程的性能研究

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.1

Swalehe Tusiime, Karidewa Nyeinga, D. Okello, O. Nydal

引用次数: 1

Application of MobileNets Convolutional Neural Network Model in Detecting Tomato Late Blight Disease MobileNets卷积神经网络模型在番茄晚疫病检测中的应用

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.17

Richard C Rajabu, J. Ally, Jamal Banzi

引用次数: 0

Determination of Sugars, Amino Acids, pH and Alcohol in Bamboo Beverage from Southern Highlands, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚南部高地竹饮料中糖、氨基酸、pH和酒精的测定

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.18

L. Kaale

{"title":"Determination of Sugars, Amino Acids, pH and Alcohol in Bamboo Beverage from Southern Highlands, Tanzania","authors":"L. Kaale","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.18","url":null,"abstract":"The amounts of sugars and amino acids play significant roles in defining the fermentation process and quantifying the alcohol levels in beverages, while pH affects the biological stability, colour, oxidation rate, and protein stability of alcoholic beverages. This study investigated the sugar content, amino acids, alcohol levels, and pH of bamboo beverage from Tanzania's southern highlands. During storage, the sugars significantly decreased (p < 0.05), especially when kept at room temperature from 52.96 to 0.00 (source 1), 53.35 to 0.00 (source 2) and 53.57 to 0.00 (source 3) g/L for fructose, from 47.93 to 14.78 (source 1), 47.23 to 14.91 (source 2) and 47.61 to 14.77 (source 3) g/L for glucose, and from 0.40 to 0.00 (source 1), 0.36 to 0.00 (source 2) and 0.37 to 0.00 (source 3) g/L for sucrose after six days of storage. A total of 15 amino acids were determined from the bamboo beverage with tyrosine being the most prevalent (597.68 mg/L for source 1, 599.44 mg/L for source 2 and 597.83 mg/L for source 3), followed by valine (261.13 mg/L for source 1, 261.24 mg/L for source 2 and 262.54 mg/L for source 3), threonine (76.69 mg/L for source 1, 76.91 mg/L for source 2 and 77.13 mg/L for source 3), and serine (66.37 mg/L for source 1, 67.23 mg/L for source 2 and 66.68 mg/L for source 3). After six days of storage at room temperature, there was a significant decrease in pH from 4.04 to 3.63. Alcohol content ranged from 3.11 to 9.05% v/v at the room temperature storage. These results might facilitate the optimal use of bamboo beverages, which have been neglected due to lack of scientific information such as amino acid and sugar levels. \u0000Keywords: Bamboo beverage, ulanzi, amino acids, sugars, alcohol content","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86578182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Dietary Chrysophyllum albidum Fruit Pulp on Brain Cholinesterase Function in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 饲粮中添加金菊果肉对高脂饮食/链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠脑胆碱酯酶功能的影响

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.12

S. Akomolafe, S. Oyeleye, I. Odeniyi, Iyabo F. Oladapo, A. Akinyemi, F. Oyetayo, O. Ajayi

{"title":"Impacts of Dietary Chrysophyllum albidum Fruit Pulp on Brain Cholinesterase Function in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"S. Akomolafe, S. Oyeleye, I. Odeniyi, Iyabo F. Oladapo, A. Akinyemi, F. Oyetayo, O. Ajayi","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiologic studies have shown strong correlations between Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus. The exact mechanism through which this happens remains unclear. However, the dependence on glucose for brain function has been proposed as one possible mechanism. Hence, this study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp (CAPP) with hypoglycaemic properties in diabetic rats induced with high-fat diet/streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were grouped into seven units as follows: control, STZ-induced, STZ + metformin (positive control), STZ + 5% CAPP, STZ + 10% CAPP, control + 5% CAPP and control + 10% CAPP and each group was made up of six rats. The animals were first placed on normal diet (non-diabetic groups) and high fat diet (diabetic groups) for a fortnight, respectively before induction with STZ and were treated with diets containing 5 and 10% CAPP for 14 days. After the experiment, the rat brain cholinesterase and antioxidant activities were determined. The results revealed that acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), arginase, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and antioxidant activities were altered in STZ-diabetic group in comparison to the control. However, a significant decrease at p < 0.05 was found in the activities of AChE, BuChE, arginase and ADA. In addition, there was a concomitant rise in the levels of antioxidant in all the groups administered supplemented diets and the group treated with metformin in comparison to the STZ-diabetic group. Conclusively, we can suggest that the fruit pulp prevents neurological damage in diabetic rats via anticholinesterase activity and improvement of brain antioxidant status.","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76788786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diet of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) and Silver-Backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas) in the Southern Part of the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania: A Comparative Study 坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂生态系统南部金豺(Canis aureus)和银背豺(Canis mesomelas)饮食的比较研究

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.5

S. E. Temu, C. Nahonyo, M. East, P. Moehlman

{"title":"Diet of the Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) and Silver-Backed Jackal (Canis mesomelas) in the Southern Part of the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania: A Comparative Study","authors":"S. E. Temu, C. Nahonyo, M. East, P. Moehlman","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat and food resource partitioning are predicted to facilitate the coexistence of similar-sized carnivores. The golden jackal (Canis aureus) and silver-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) are similar-sized canids that respectively inhabit grassland and woodland in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. As information on the diet and food-intake of these two species in this ecosystem is limited, we aimed to compare the diet and food-intake of these canids in the wet and dry seasons, using data from focal samples of foraging behaviour and scat analysis. We predicted dietary differences between these species, seasonal differences within species and peak food intake when breeding. Result of a logistic regression considering insect and small mammal remains in scats revealed dietary differences both between species and within-species seasonal differences. Results of a censored regression model on the estimated weigh of food intake by foraging individuals indicated that intake was highest during the breeding season of each species, which occurs in the wet season in golden jackals and the dry-season in silver-backed jackals. Our study provides new insights on differences in the foraging ecology of these two jackal species in the Serengeti ecosystem. \u0000Keywords: Canis aureus; Canis mesomelas, diet, Serengeti ecosystem, seasons","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological Variabilities and Identification of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Genotypes from Major Growing Regions in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚主要产区山药(薯蓣属)基因型的形态变异及鉴定

Tanzania Journal of Science Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.4314/tjs.v48i4.16

J. I. Massawe, G. Temu

{"title":"Morphological Variabilities and Identification of Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Genotypes from Major Growing Regions in Tanzania","authors":"J. I. Massawe, G. Temu","doi":"10.4314/tjs.v48i4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a vegetatively propagated crop that belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae. In Tanzania, yam is mainly grown as a source of food and income generation, especially for smallholder farmers. In this study, an assessment of morphological variations among 74 genotypes of Dioscorea spp. collected from six major growing regions was conducted. Yam genotypes were maintained and planted at Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute-Kibaha for characterization. Data from fifty morphological variables were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The first nine principal components with Eigenvalues > 1 accounted for 86.28% of the total variations. Some traits that contributed to the variabilities include stem length, leaf margin colour, vein colour, absence/presence of wings, wing colour, hairiness, spines on stem base, aerial tubers, and inner skin colour. The dendrogram separated the 74 yam genotypes into two major clusters with six sub-clusters. Based on the results, four yam species were identified from the collected genotypes, and these included D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis, and D. dumetorum. The results revealed high morphological variabilities among the yam genotypes. Information obtained in this study is very useful in yam breeding programs in Tanzania. \u0000Keywords: Cluster analysis, multivariate analysis, phenotypic variabilities, yam in Tanzania","PeriodicalId":22207,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75236059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0