Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase TaGW2 facilitates TaSnRK1γ and TaVPS24 degradation to enhance stripe rust susceptibility in wheat","authors":"Shumin Li, Tian Li, Peiyin Zhang, Xuemin Wang, Wenxuan Feng, Yifang Zhang, Bin Chen, Yuling Liu, Gangming Zhan, Chenyang Hao, Xueyong Zhang, Zhensheng Kang, Hude Mao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14536","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>), threatens global wheat production, and therefore discovering genes involved in stripe rust susceptibility is essential for balancing yield with disease resistance in sustainable breeding strategies. Although TaGW2 is well known to negatively regulate wheat kernel size and weight, its role in stress response remains unclear. Here, we found that <i>TaGW2</i> transcription levels increased following inoculation with <i>Pst</i> or treatment with flg22 or chitin. <i>TaGW2</i> knockdown lines showed enhanced resistance to multiple <i>Pst</i> races, while <i>TaGW2</i> overexpression reduced host defence response, promoted <i>Pst</i> growth and development and increased wheat susceptibility to <i>Pst</i>. Additionally, TaGW2 could mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of both TaSnRK1γ and TaVPS24 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Silencing <i>TaSnRK1γ</i> or <i>TaVPS24</i> in wheat increased sensitivity to <i>Pst</i>, whereas overexpressing either gene enhanced wheat defence response, indicating that TaSnRK1γ and TaVPS24 act as positive regulators of <i>Pst</i> resistance. This study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism inhibiting plant immunity to <i>Pst</i> through TaGW2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of TaSnRK1γ and TaVPS24. This work also provides crucial genetic resources for breeding high-yield, stripe rust-resistant wheat varieties.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor CCT30 promotes rice preharvest sprouting by regulating sugar signalling to inhibit the ABA-mediated pathway","authors":"Xiaowei Fan,&nbsp;Fangyuan Gao,&nbsp;Yuexin Liu,&nbsp;Wen Huang,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Zhengliang Luo,&nbsp;Jia Zhang,&nbsp;Feixiang Qi,&nbsp;Jianqun Lv,&nbsp;Xiangwen Su,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Song Song,&nbsp;Guangjun Ren,&nbsp;Yongzhong Xing","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14521","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seed dormancy is an important adaptive trait in plants. Proper seed dormancy enables the avoidance of preharvest sprouting in the undesirable conditions like rainfall frequently. In this study, <i>qPSR8</i>, a major QTL for preharvest sprouting, was isolated, and a previously reported heading-date gene, <i>CCT30</i>, was verified as the candidate gene. The <i>CCT30</i> knockout mutants (<i>CCT30</i>-CR) enhanced seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity as compared with the wild-type ZH11. Conversely, <i>CCT30</i> overexpressing plants had opposite phenotype changes and had a decreased ABA content. The expression of ABA synthesis genes such as <i>OsNCEDs</i> and ABA signalling genes such as <i>ABI3</i> and <i>ABI5</i> were upregulated and sugar metabolism-related genes such as amylase genes were downregulated in <i>CCT30</i>-CR. Correspondingly, fewer free sugars, such as monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, accumulated in <i>CCT30</i>-CR. The freshly harvested seeds from <i>CCT30</i>-CR had no ability to transmit sugar signals when treated with 1% exogenous glucose. In addition, CCT30 interacted with the transcription factor OsbZIP37, which negatively regulates seed dormancy. Overall, <i>CCT30</i> promotes preharvest sprouting by enhancing sugar signals that inhibit the ABA-mediated pathway, and <i>CCT30</i> is a good gene for breeding rice varieties resistant to preharvest sprouting.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"579-591"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.14521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xiaoshu, a simple genetic model system for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)","authors":"Shizhuo Xiao,&nbsp;Yao Wang,&nbsp;Zhilin Zhou,&nbsp;Lingxiao Zhao,&nbsp;Lukuan Zhao,&nbsp;Bingqian Gao,&nbsp;Xibin Dai,&nbsp;Pan Xu,&nbsp;Qinghe Cao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14528","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14528","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Sweetpotato [&lt;i&gt;Ipomoea batatas&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Lam.] is an important food and feed crop. However, the genetic study of sweetpotato is relatively lagging due to its complex physiological and genetic characteristics. Sweetpotato belongs to the &lt;i&gt;Batatas&lt;/i&gt; section of the genus &lt;i&gt;Ipomoea&lt;/i&gt; in the Convolvulaceae. It is a hexaploid with a high level of heterozygosity in the genome. Most sweetpotato varieties are poorly self-compatible. The complexity of sweetpotato genome makes high-quality genome assembly challenging. The above characteristics significantly complicate forward or reverse genetics, trait mapping, genetic engineering, and genome sequencing in sweetpotatoes. A model system is needed to facilitate the genetic breeding of sweetpotatoes. We discovered a variety of &lt;i&gt;I. cordatotriloba&lt;/i&gt;, one of the closest diploid relatives of sweetpotatoes, in our genebank. We considered this variety to have potential as a model system for sweetpotato, and we named it “&lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; is a sprawling plant with heart-shaped or slightly lobed leaves and pink flowers (Figure 1a). &lt;i&gt;Xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; is day-neutral and normally bloom about 50–60 days after sowing. It is self-compatible and naturally pollinated, and each plant can produce sufficient seeds throughout the growth period (Figures 1b and S1a, Table S1). These performances were stable across generations under natural conditions. Unlike most of wild relatives, the root of &lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; is swollen (Figure 1c). We observed transverse sections of the swollen root of &lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; under a microscope. The results showed that there are irregularly arranged secondary cambiums (SCs) in the central part of the root. Around the SC, there are many parenchyma cells (PCs) filled with starch granules (SGs) (Figure 1d). When the environment is suitable, the swollen roots can germinate and grow seedlings without external nutrients (Figure S1b). This indicates that the swollen roots already possess the characteristics of storage roots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analysis of k-mer multiplicity showed that the genome size (1C) of &lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; was about 478.62 Mbp, the heterozygosity rate was 0.17%, and the proportion of repetitive sequences was 59.53% (Figure S2 and Table S2). These findings indicated that the genome of &lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt; was highly homozygous, in line with the characteristics of self-pollinated plants. A total of 91.72 Gb PacBio HiFi reads and 31.17 Gb Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) ultra-long reads were used to obtain the preliminary genome assembly. The contigs were corrected and polished three times with BGI short reads and PacBio long reads to generate the chromosome-level genome. The 96 Gb of Hi-C reads were mapped to polish the contigs. The polished contigs were scaffolded, ordered, and anchored into pseudo-chromosomes using filtered Hi-C data. Subsequently, the corrected ONT reads were utilized for gap filling on the genome. Eventually, a gap-free reference genome named &lt;i&gt;xiaoshu&lt;/i&gt;-T2T wa","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"674-676"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.14528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of vegetative oil sorghum: From lab-to-field","authors":"Kiyoul Park,&nbsp;Truyen Quach,&nbsp;Teresa J. Clark,&nbsp;Hyojin Kim,&nbsp;Tieling Zhang,&nbsp;Mengyuan Wang,&nbsp;Ming Guo,&nbsp;Shirley Sato,&nbsp;Tara J. Nazarenus,&nbsp;Rostislav Blume,&nbsp;Yaroslav Blume,&nbsp;Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Stephen P. Moose,&nbsp;Kankshita Swaminathan,&nbsp;Jörg Schwender,&nbsp;Thomas Elmo Clemente,&nbsp;Edgar B. Cahoon","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14527","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomass crops engineered to accumulate energy-dense triacylglycerols (TAG or ‘vegetable oils’) in their vegetative tissues have emerged as potential feedstocks to meet the growing demand for renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Unlike oil palm and oilseed crops, the current commercial sources of TAG, vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, only transiently accumulate TAG. In this report, we used grain (Texas430 or TX430) and sugar-accumulating ‘sweet’ (Ramada) genotypes of sorghum, a high-yielding, environmentally resilient biomass crop, to accumulate TAG in leaves and stems. We initially tested several gene combinations for a ‘push-pull-protect’ strategy. The top TAG-yielding constructs contained five oil transgenes for a sorghum WRINKLED1 transcription factor (‘push’), a <i>Cuphea viscosissima</i> diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT; ‘pull’), a modified sesame oleosin (‘protect’) and two combinations of specialized Cuphea lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases and medium-chain acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases. Though intended to generate oils with medium-chain fatty acids, engineered lines accumulated oleic acid-rich oil to amounts of up to 2.5% DW in leaves and 2.0% DW in stems in the greenhouse, 36-fold and 49-fold increases relative to wild-type (WT) plants, respectively. Under field conditions, the top-performing event accumulated TAG to amount to 5.5% DW in leaves and 3.5% DW in stems, 78-fold and 58-fold increases, respectively, relative to WT TX430. Transcriptomic and fluxomic analyses revealed potential bottlenecks for increased TAG accumulation. Overall, our studies highlight the utility of a lab-to-field pipeline coupled with systems biology studies to deliver high vegetative oil sorghum for SAF and renewable diesel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"660-673"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.14527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past innovations and future possibilities in plant chromosome engineering","authors":"Yang Liu, Qian Liu, Congyang Yi, Chang Liu, Qinghua Shi, Mian Wang, Fangpu Han","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14530","url":null,"abstract":"Plant chromosome engineering has emerged as a pivotal tool in modern plant breeding, facilitating the transfer of desirable traits through the incorporation of alien chromosome fragments into plants. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the past achievements, current methodologies and future prospects of plant chromosome engineering. We begin by examining the successful integration of specific examples such as the incorporation of rye chromosome segments (e.g. the 1BL/1RS translocation), <i>Dasypyrum villosum</i> segments (e.g. the 6VS segment for powdery mildew resistance), <i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i> segments (e.g. rust resistance genes) and <i>Thinopyrum elongatum</i> segments (e.g. Fusarium head blight resistance genes). In addition to trait transfer, advancements in plant centromere engineering have opened new possibilities for chromosomal manipulation. This includes the development of plant minichromosomes via centromere-mediated techniques, the generation of haploids through <i>CENH3</i> gene editing, and the induction of aneuploidy using KaryoCreate. The advent of CRISPR/Cas technology has further revolutionized chromosome engineering, enabling large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions and translocations, as well as enabling targeted insertion of large DNA fragments and increasing genetic recombination frequency. These advancements have significantly expanded the toolkit for genetic improvement in plants, opening new horizons for the future of plant breeding.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of maize cell heterogeneity and systemic immune responses against Puccinia polysora Underw","authors":"Xiao-Cui Yan,&nbsp;Qing Liu,&nbsp;Qian Yang,&nbsp;Kai-Lai Wang,&nbsp;Xiu-Zhen Zhai,&nbsp;Meng-Yun Kou,&nbsp;Jia-Long Liu,&nbsp;Shang-Tong Li,&nbsp;Shu-Han Deng,&nbsp;Miao-Miao Li,&nbsp;Hui-Jun Duan","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Southern corn rust (SCR), caused by <i>Puccinia polysora</i> Underw (<i>P. polysora</i>), is a catastrophic disease affecting maize, leading to significant global yield losses. The disease manifests primarily as pustules on the upper surface of corn leaves, obscuring our understanding of its cellular heterogeneity, the maize's response to its infection and the underlying gene expression regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we dissected the heterogeneity of maize's response to <i>P. polysora</i> infection using single-cell RNA sequencing. We delineated cell-type-specific gene expression alterations in six leaf cell types, creating the inaugural single-cell atlas of a maize leaf under fungal assault. Crucially, by reconstructing cellular trajectories in susceptible line N110 and resistant line R99 during infection, we identified diverse regulatory programs that fortify R99's resistance across different leaf cell types. This research uncovers an immune-like state in R99 leaves, characterized by the expression of various fungi-induced genes in the absence of fungal infection, particularly in guard and epidermal cells. Our findings also highlight the role of the fungi-induced glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase 7 protein (ZmChit7) in conferring resistance to <i>P. polysora</i>. Collectively, our results shed light on the mechanisms of maize resistance to fungal pathogens through comparative single-cell transcriptomics, offering a valuable resource for pinpointing novel genes that bolster resistance to <i>P. polysora</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"549-563"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.14519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsSPL5 promotes rice outcrossing efficiency by G-protein pathway","authors":"Fangping Li,&nbsp;Quanya Tan,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Gan,&nbsp;Danlu Han,&nbsp;Weifeng Yang,&nbsp;Xin Luan,&nbsp;Jieying Liu,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Shu Wang,&nbsp;Haifei Hu,&nbsp;Shiqiang Xu,&nbsp;Junliang Zhao,&nbsp;Haitao Zhu,&nbsp;Zupei Liu,&nbsp;Chengwei Yang,&nbsp;Xiangdong Fu,&nbsp;Guiquan Zhang,&nbsp;Shaokui Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14514","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14514","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The yield of rice F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; hybrid seed production is influenced by parental line traits, including stigma exsertion rate (SER), which impacts seed pricing and utilization (Marathi and Jena, &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). SER is highly susceptible to environmental fluctuations, phenotypic and complex genetic factors (Miyata &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Although over 40 QTLs related to SER have been identified, none have been molecularly characterized due to differences in genetic background and small additive effects (Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have demonstrated a positive correlation between stigma size and SER previously (Tan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Then we previously located the stigma size gene &lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt; within a 470 kb interval on chromosome 2 based on SSSL-42, a Single Segment Substitution Line with Huajingxian74 (HJX74) as the recipient parent (Tan &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). In this study, homozygous recombinant lines derived from the crossing of SSSL-42 and HJX74 allowed the region of &lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt; to be narrowed down to a 29.48 kb stretch flanked by markers QY18 and LST2 (Figure 1a, Table S1). The line R4, with the shortest substitution segment, was identified as a near-isogenic line for &lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt; (NIL-&lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt;), while the HJX74 was referred to as NIL-&lt;i&gt;ser1&lt;/i&gt; (Figure 1a). The NILs did not differ from one another in many agronomic traits, but the significant difference in SER and stigma size were detected between NILs (Figures 1b–e and S1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are three candidate genes (&lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;OsCH240&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;OsSm-F&lt;/i&gt;) detected related to the mapped interval. Variant analysis revealed that &lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt; harbours two nucleotide polymorphisms in the third exon in the mapped interval, resulting in amino acid substitutions (Figure S2). The transcriptome assays of the stigma revealed no significant differences in the gene expression among these three genes between the NILs (Figure S3). To investigate the candidate gene for &lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt;, we obtained over-expression lines and knockout lines for the three candidate genes. Either the gene-edited lines in the NIL-&lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt; background or over-expression lines in the NIL-&lt;i&gt;ser1&lt;/i&gt; background, the transgenic lines of &lt;i&gt;OsCH240&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;OsSm-F&lt;/i&gt; exhibited no phenotypic changes in stigma size (Figure S4). However, the over-expression of &lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt; resulted in enlarged stigmas, whereas the knockout of &lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt; led to smaller stigmas (Figure 1g–j). Furthermore, the stigma exertion rate changed accordingly in different transgenic lines of &lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt; (Figure 1e,g,h). Thus, the candidate gene for &lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt; is &lt;i&gt;OsSPL5&lt;/i&gt;. The further RT-qPCR assay detected no variation in transcriptional levels across different tissues (Figure S5). Furthermore, the stigma size dramatically decreased in the gene-edited lines, KO-&lt;i&gt;SER1&lt;/i&gt;-3rd exon (Figure S6). It strongly suggests that the sequence variation located in the third exon of &lt;i&gt;OsS","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"509-511"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal regulation of anther's tapetum degeneration paved the way for a reversible male sterility system in cotton","authors":"Rishi Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Surendra Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Sudhir Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Shiv Narayan,&nbsp;Praveen C. Verma,&nbsp;Samir V. Sawant","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Male sterility is an important agronomical trait in self-pollinating plants for producing cost-effective F1 hybrids to harness the heterosis. Still, large-scale development and maintenance of male sterile lines and restoring fertility in F1 hybrids pose significant challenges in plant hybrid breeding. Cotton is a self-pollinating crop and exhibits strong hybrid vigor. However, there are currently few breeding methods to achieve cost-effective production of F1 hybrid cotton. Here, we utilized novel functions of the Arabidopsis autophagy-related <i>BECLIN1/ATG6</i> and a mutant of E3 ubiquitin ligase <i>COP1</i> (COP1^L105A) genes in developing rescuable male sterility in cotton. We have generated multiple male-sterile (MS) and restorer (RS) cotton lines expressing BECLIN1 and COP1^L105A, respectively. Cytological observation showed that post-meiotic tapetal expression of BECLIN1 delays tapetum developmental programmed cell death (dPCD) by affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance—this delay in dPCD results in early microspore defects and later small-sized flowers with indehiscent anthers. Furthermore, the evaluation of F1 hybrids developed by crossing MS and RS lines showed that early tapetal COP1^L105A expression abolishes expression of BECLIN1 resulting in normal tapetum degeneration, pollen development, and fertility. In addition, the F1 hybrid developed with MS and RS cotton lines in transgenic glass-house and net-house conditions showed the rescued fertility comparable with control plants (WT). In terms of cotton fiber productivity, the COP1^L105A-expressing transgenic cotton lines outperformed the WT. The current work effectively demonstrates the wider applicability of the new F1 cotton production system.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"532-548"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SUMO-conjugating enzyme OsSCE1a from wild rice regulates the functional stay-green trait in rice","authors":"Xuzhao Yuan,&nbsp;Yanfang Luan,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Jianxiang Peng,&nbsp;Jinlei Zhao,&nbsp;Lupeng Li,&nbsp;Jingjing Su,&nbsp;Yang Xiao,&nbsp;Yuanjie Li,&nbsp;Xin Ma,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhu,&nbsp;Lubin Tan,&nbsp;Fengxia Liu,&nbsp;Hongying Sun,&nbsp;Ping Gu,&nbsp;Ran Xu,&nbsp;Peijiang Zhang,&nbsp;Zuofeng Zhu,&nbsp;Chuanqing Sun,&nbsp;Yongcai Fu,&nbsp;Kun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14524","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The functional stay-green trait is a major goal of rice breeding. Here, we cloned <i>OsSCE1a</i> encoding SUMO-conjugating enzyme from Yuanjiang common wild rice, which simultaneously regulates the functional stay-green trait and growth duration. Low expression or knocking out <i>OsSCE1a</i> corresponded to increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic competence, N use efficiency and a shortened growth period without affecting yield. A natural MITE-transposon insertion/deletion in the <i>OsSCE1a</i> promoter is the functional variation that regulates these traits. <i>OsSCE1a</i> was selected during evolution and shows significant variation between <i>indica</i> and <i>japonica</i> rice. OsNAC2 interacts with the MITE to enhance <i>OsSCE1a</i> expression. Genetic manipulation of <i>OsSCE1a</i> revealed its potential for rice improvement. OsSCE1a-mediated SUMOylation of OsGS2 suppresses GS (involved in N assimilation) enzyme activity. <i>OsSCE1a</i> also regulates growth duration by SUMOylating the transcription factor such as OsGBP1, which regulates the expression of the key heading gene <i>Ghd7</i>. Our findings shed light on the role of SUMOylation in crops and provide a strategy for increasing agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"615-631"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic engineering of narrow-leafed lupin for the production of enantiomerically pure (−)-sparteine","authors":"Davide Mancinotti,&nbsp;Ting Yang,&nbsp;Fernando Geu-Flores","doi":"10.1111/pbi.14509","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.14509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The protein crops known as lupins have been bred to accumulate low levels of antinutritional alkaloids, neglecting their potential as sources of valuable metabolites. Here, we engineered narrow-leafed lupin (NLL) to accumulate large amounts of a single alkaloid of industrial interest called (−)-sparteine. While (−)-sparteine is recognized as a key auxiliary molecule in chiral synthesis, its variable price and limited availability have prevented its large-scale use. We identified two enzymes that initiate the conversion of (−)-sparteine to a variety of alkaloids accumulating in NLL. The first one is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase belonging to family 71 (CYP71D189), and the second one is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1). We screened a non-GMO NLL mutant library and isolated a knockout in CYP71D189. The knockout displayed an altered metabolic profile where (−)-sparteine accounted for 96% of the alkaloid content in the seeds (GC–MS basis). The (−)-sparteine isolated from the mutant seeds was enantiomerically pure (99% enantiomeric excess). Apart from the altered alkaloid profile, the mutant did not have any noticeable phenotype. Our work demonstrates that (−)-sparteine is the precursor of most QAs in NLL and expands the current uses of NLL as a crop.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pbi.14509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}