Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Unexpected Suppression of Tomato Fruit Cuticle Formation by Overexpression of a Key Cutin Biosynthetic Enzyme.","authors":"Gulab Chand Arya, Ekram Wassel, Vibha Mishra, Ekaterina Manasherova, Ruth E Stark, Hagai Cohen","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit cuticles regulate the diffusion of water, gases and solutes, functioning as essential protective interfaces against environmental and biotic stresses. Engineering cuticle structure and mechanics therefore represents a promising strategy for improving fruit quality and resilience. To enhance biosynthesis of cutin, the major structural component of the cuticle, we generated transgenic tomato lines expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE sn-2-ACYLTRANSFERASE 4 (AtGPAT4) gene specifically in exocarp tissues. AtGPAT4 is a key enzyme providing acylglycerol intermediates for cutin polymer assembly. We performed comprehensive phenotypic, microscopic, spectroscopic, transcriptional and surface nanomechanical analyses to monitor the structural consequences of AtGPAT4 overexpression and evaluated functional traits including water loss and susceptibility to the Botrytis cinerea fungus. Contrary to expectations, exocarp-targeted expression of AtGPAT4 generated fruits with cuticles that had diminished levels of cutin and epicuticular waxes, together with decreased cuticular stiffness and resistance to deformation, and whole fruit firmness. Evidently, these structural and chemical alterations did not affect thermal stability or water retention, but they increased susceptibility to fungal infection by B. cinerea. Although the engineering outcomes were unintended, they offered mechanistic insights into how manipulation of cutin biosynthesis pathways reshapes cuticle architecture, polymer composition and nanomechanical performance. This work underscores the complexity of engineering fruit surface traits and offers new perspectives for future biotechnological strategies aimed at improving cuticle robustness and pathogen resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Rewiring of the Shikimate Pathway Enables Rose‐Scented Rice","authors":"Xiaoqing Cui, Wenhao Yao, Honglin Yang, Yangning Ou, Keyi Chen, Yifei Qin, Chengxuan Li, Boxi Zhu, Wenyi Wang, Jiayang Li, Mengyun Xu, Jian Wu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70743","url":null,"abstract":"Rice fragrance is a key determinant of grain quality, yet the aroma profile of cultivated rice is highly uniform and largely dominated by the popcorn‐like compound 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline. Here we expanded the aromatic repertoire of rice by engineering a rose‐like fragrance through reconstruction of the phenylalanine‐derived 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) pathway in the endosperm. To increase phenylalanine precursor supply, we co‐expressed an engineered G211R/G212S variant of the rice 3‐deoxy‐D‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase isoform OsDHS2 ( <jats:italic>LOC_Os08g37790</jats:italic> ; mOsDHS2) with heterologous phenylacetaldehyde synthase (PAAS) and phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) in the endosperm. As a result, the engineered grains accumulated up to 2014 μg/kg 2‐PE, conferring a distinct rose‐like aroma. Unexpectedly, metabolic rewiring also reshaped grain composition, resulting in nearly doubled soluble protein content and increased levels of several vitamin B6‐related metabolites, including the active coenzyme forms pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate and pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate. These findings reveal extensive associated metabolic coordination between aromatic amino acid pathways and central seed metabolism. Our work establishes a strategy for creating designer fragrances in staple crops while simultaneously improving nutritional traits, providing a versatile platform for producing high‐value metabolites in cereal grains.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148726421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Planta Expression of Thermophilic GtGBE Mimics BEIIb and Modifies Rice Starch Structure Without Yield Penalties","authors":"Feifei Xu, Jianming Pan, Meng Li, Xinyu Li, Jiayuan Chang, Wenjia Fu, Kaiwen Gu, Jinsong Bao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70744","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic modification using glycosyltransferases offers a green route to produce highly branched starch to enhance starch functionality in the food industry, yet this approach faces challenges including the high cost of enzyme production and inefficiency. Here, we developed a viable <jats:italic>in planta</jats:italic> strategy by heterologously expressing an α‐glucan branching enzyme (GBE) from <jats:italic>Geobacillus thermoglucosidans</jats:italic> STB02 (GtGBE) in rice, aiming to tailor starch branching structures directly in a living plant system. Several independent transgenic lines were generated, expressing the <jats:italic>GtGBE</jats:italic> gene under the control of either the endosperm‐specific rice <jats:italic>starch branching enzyme IIb</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>BEIIb</jats:italic> ) promoter (pBEIIb) or the constitutive maize <jats:italic>Ubiquitin</jats:italic> promoter (pUbi). GtGBE generated distinct promoter‐dependent branching patterns. The pBEIIb‐driven construct partially recapitulated BEI‐deficient‐like profiles through the combined effect of downregulated endogenous <jats:italic>BEI</jats:italic> and relatively low GtGBE expression levels. In contrast, the pUbi‐driven construct enhanced BEIIb‐like activity through sustained high GtGBE accumulation and upregulation of endogenous <jats:italic>BEIIb</jats:italic> . Both strategies increased short amylopectin chains at the expense of intermediate/long chains and amylose, resulting in decreased relative crystallinity, apparent amylose content, gelatinization temperatures, and peak viscosity, alongside improved retrogradation resistance and rheological properties. Notably, GtGBE expression driven by the <jats:italic>BEIIb</jats:italic> promoter showed greater stability under heat stress. Moreover, pUbi‐GtGBE transgenic lines exhibited a significant increase in 1000‐grain weight and filled grain number per panicle without compromising other agronomic traits, highlighting the dual potential of this strategy for agricultural and industrial applications. This work establishes GtGBE as an effective molecular tool for the direct and tailored bioengineering of starch in a living plant system.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single‐Nucleus Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights Into B Chromosome Elimination in Sorghum","authors":"T. Bojdová, P. Abaffy, L. Valihrach, M. Karafiátová, J. Bartoš","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70737","url":null,"abstract":"B chromosomes are supernumerary entities found in many plant species, with some exhibiting tissue‐specific elimination. In <jats:italic>Sorghum purpureosericeum</jats:italic> , extensive B chromosome elimination occurs during embryogenesis affecting most of the embryonic organs, leaving the B chromosome maintained mainly in limited regions of meristems. The dynamics of the process and rarity of the transcripts associated with elimination make capturing it challenging. To address this, we performed single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) on embryos undergoing B chromosome elimination. This approach enabled detection of more B‐linked transcripts compared to previous methods. Notably, we identified nuclei with B‐specific transcripts, which predominantly clustered in a single cluster in both replicates of B‐positive embryos. Further analysis of these clusters revealed three subpopulations with divergent transcriptional profiles. One subpopulation showed gene expression patterns suggesting active elimination of the B chromosome, while the other subpopulations are expected to exhibit regular segregation of the B chromosome and/or preparation for the elimination process. Our analysis provides resolution so far missing in current studies and highlights a clear benefit of the single‐cell approaches for studying specific behaviour of the B chromosomes.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural and CRISPR /Cas9 Editing Variations of Dual‐ uORFs Synergistically Increase the Nutritional Value of Silage Maize Feed","authors":"Jing Zhou, Xi Wang, Yajing Zhang, Xinhao Luo, Shuyao Quan, Jie Ji, Lixue Sun, Xinyang Chen, Jin Chen, Jianbo Cheng, Jun Fan, Changsheng Li, Beijiu Cheng, Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70731","url":null,"abstract":"The precise enhancement of nutritional quality in silage maize is a core strategy for increasing livestock production efficiency. Through evolutionary analysis of multiple plant species, we identified two functionally synergistic upstream open reading frames (uORF1 and uORF2) within the 5′ untranslated region of the gene encoding GDP‐L‐galactose phosphorylase (GGP). By leveraging a natural translation‐enhancing haplotype of uORF1 (Hap2) and performing CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted mutagenesis of the highly conserved uORF2, we successfully engineered an elite dual‐uORFs variant. This variant significantly increased vitamin C (Vc) content and concurrently improved key silage quality traits, including crude protein and phosphorus levels, without inducing growth penalties. Transcriptomic profiling further elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which the dual‐uORFs variation coordinately regulates Vc biosynthesis and the improvement of silage quality. Our findings deepen the understanding of the conventional paradigm of single‐uORF regulation and provide a novel strategy and superior germplasm resources for the precision breeding of high‐Vc, high‐quality silage maize.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The TaCOMT1A ‐Synthesised Sakuranetin Is a Novel Biostimulant Enhancing Drought Tolerance and Yield in Wheat","authors":"Mingzhao Luo, Chengjie Xu, Wenjing Yang, Wensi Tang, Kai Chen, Jiaqing Guo, Qiyu Wang, Jun Chen, Zhaoshi Xu, Pierre Delaplace, Youzhi Ma, Yongbin Zhou, Ming Chen","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70734","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is a major limitation to global wheat production. Here, we demonstrate that the wheat gene <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> , encoding a caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, plays a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance in wheat. Overexpression of <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> significantly improved drought tolerance at the seedling stage, as evidenced by higher survival rates, biomass, and antioxidant capacity, along with reduced oxidative damage in transgenic lines. Field trials demonstrated that these lines maintained superior grain yield under limited irrigation. We identified TaCOMT1A as a multifunctional enzyme capable of synthesising both the flavonoid sakuranetin and melatonin in vitro. Metabolomic and functional analyses confirmed that sakuranetin is a key downstream metabolite mediating the drought tolerance conferred by <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> . Exogenous application of sakuranetin enhanced drought tolerance across diverse wheat cultivars and, importantly, rescued the susceptible phenotype of <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> EMS mutants (E829 and E830). Mechanistically, sakuranetin treatment bolstered the antioxidant system and attenuated oxidative stress under drought. Furthermore, both <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> overexpression and sakuranetin application reduced plant height by suppressing gibberellic acid (GA <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> ) biosynthesis. Crucially, field application of sakuranetin increased grain yield under both well‐irrigated and drought conditions. Our results establish a novel pathway where <jats:italic>TaCOMT1A</jats:italic> enhances drought tolerance and modulates plant architecture primarily through the production of sakuranetin, positioning this metabolite as a promising plant‐based priming agent for sustainable wheat cultivation.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The OsWRKY15-OsSUT3 Regulatory Module Enhances Rice Pollen Fertility by Mediating Sucrose Allocation to Anthers.","authors":"Qiuping Li, Chunlong Zhang, Shuaibing Wang, Jin Chen, Yandong Sun, Wenqing Ma, Yu Yong, Qinghui Yang, Lijuan Chen, Jiancheng Wen, Dandan Li","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70738","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sucrose transport and starch accumulation are crucial carbohydrate metabolic processes in rice, playing essential roles during late pollen development to ensure pollen maturation, fertility and high grain production. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating sucrose transport and starch accumulation during rice pollen development remain elusive. In this study, we bred and characterized a semi-fertile rice pollen variant, sfp10, which is derived from highland terraced red rice from Yunnan, China. This variant showed insufficient starch accumulation in pollen, reduced pollen fertility and decreased seed setting compared to the wild type. Using map-based cloning, CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and gene complementation, the OsSUT3 gene, which causes the sfp10 variant, was shown to encode a sucrose transporter (SUT) that transports sucrose into pollen for starch synthesis, ensuring pollen viability and fertility. Additionally, transcriptome analysis identified OsWRKY15, a WRKY transcription factor that exhibits a highly similar spatiotemporal expression pattern to OsSUT3 in late-developing panicles. Yeast one-hybrid, EMSA, dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP-seq assays demonstrated that OsWRKY15 directly binds to the promoter region of OsSUT3 and upregulates its expression. Mutation of OsWRKY15 significantly reduced OsSUT3 expression and impaired pollen fertility and seed setting and these defects were further exacerbated in the wrky15/OsSUT3-KO double-knockout lines, while OsSUT3 overexpression in the wrky15 background significantly rescued pollen fertility and seed setting. These findings demonstrate that the OsWRKY15-OsSUT3 regulatory module is essential for sucrose transport and starch accumulation during late pollen development in rice, providing new insights into the transcriptional regulation of carbon allocation to anthers for rice fertility and grain production.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophage P22 Virus-Like Particles as Nanoscale Protein Scaffolds for Plant Synthetic Biology.","authors":"Maxim D Harding, Mark A Jackson, Edward K Gilding, David J Craik, Frank Sainsbury, Nicole Lawrence","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70735","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancing the utility of plant synthetic biology requires the continued development of protein engineering tools. Self-assembling protein compartments, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), provide versatile scaffolds for synthetic biology. However, few plant-expressed VLPs have demonstrated broad amenability to protein engineering, restricting their applications to specific contexts. Here, the Enterobacteria phage P22 VLP is explored as a novel protein scaffold for plant synthetic biology, demonstrating its production in a eukaryote for the first time. Through transient expression in the biofactory plant Nicotiana benthamiana, the capacity for P22 VLPs to correctly assemble and direct encapsulation of recombinant protein cargo is demonstrated. The durability of this protein scaffold is explored through co-encapsulation of multiple cargo protein species and by encapsulation through direct fusion to the P22 coat protein. Finally, the ability to simultaneously program cargo encapsulation and external protein display on P22 VLPs in vivo is demonstrated through SpyTag/SpyCatcher-mediated protein conjugation. This work demonstrates the broad utility of P22 VLPs as nanoscale protein scaffolds for plant synthetic biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR172-AP2 Controls Age-Dependent Regeneration Competence in Populus.","authors":"Kaiwen Lyu, Abdul Azeez, Victor Busov","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70736","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants maintain remarkable regenerative potential, yet this capacity declines with developmental age, limiting clonal propagation and biotechnological applications. Here, we show that the miR172-AP2 module serves as a central determinant of regeneration competence in Populus. Regenerative capacity declines progressively along the shoot developmental gradient, correlating with elevated miR172 and reduced AP2 transcript levels. Functional analyses demonstrate that AP2 promotes both shoot and root regeneration by directly activating downstream transcriptional programmes, including AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE1, BIG LEAF and LIKE APETALA1, which regulate organogenic growth and developmental competence. Elevated miR172 or cytokinin signalling represses AP2, reducing regenerative outcomes, indicating that hormonal and developmental signals converge on this module. Genome-wide analyses reveal that AP2 coordinates a broad network of genes controlling wound response, hormone signalling and cell fate specification. Notably, enhanced regeneration via AP2 occurs without detectable developmental abnormalities, highlighting the practical potential of this module. Collectively, these findings uncover a mechanistic link between developmental phase identity and regeneration, revealing a conserved regulatory module that may be leveraged to enhance regeneration across plant species, with broad implications for propagation, tissue culture and biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HY5 Positively Regulates Autophagy to Mediate Red Light-Induced Tomato Fruit Ripening.","authors":"Ye Guo, Zhiru Bao, Yawen Huo, Ran Hu, Saiyu Cao, Pengwei Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red light accelerates tomato fruit ripening, but the molecular link between light signalling and autophagy remains unclear. Here, we show that red light promotes fruit coloration by activating autophagy in tomato pericarp. This response largely depends on the transcription factor HY5, which positively regulates this process by directly activating ATG10 expression. ATG10 overexpression rescues the autophagic activity and the delayed coloration of hy5 mutants. Thus, the HY5-ATG10 module links red light to autophagy and fruit maturation, suggesting a target for improving fruit colour.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}