Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"A large-scale gene regulatory network for rice endosperm starch biosynthesis and its application in genetic improvement of rice quality","authors":"Kunyong Huang, Feifei Lu, Pengfei Chen, Guiai Jiao, Haiyan Lin, Jian Zhang, Shaolu Zhao, Ruijie Cao, Gaoneng Shao, Zhonghua Sheng, Shikai Hu, Shaoqing Tang, Peisong Hu, Xiangjin Wei","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70079","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is one of the most important food crops. Starch is the main substance of rice endosperm and largely determines the grain quality and yield. Starch biosynthesis in endosperm is very complex, requiring a series of enzymes which are also regulated by many transcription factors (TFs). But until now, the large-scale regulatory network for rice endosperm starch biosynthesis has not been established. Here, we constructed a rice endosperm starch biosynthesis regulatory network comprised of 277 TFs and 15 starch synthesis enzyme-encoding genes (SSEGs) using DNA affinity chromatography/pull-down combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (DNA pull-down and LC–MS). In this regulatory network, each SSEG is directly regulated by 7–46 TFs. Based on this network, we found a new pathway ‘ABA-OsABI5-OsERF44-SSEGs’ that regulates rice endosperm starch biosynthesis. We also knocked out five TFs targeting the key amylose synthesis enzyme gene <i>OsGBSSI</i> in <i>japonica</i> rice ‘Nipponbare’ background and found that all mutants had moderately decreased amylose content (AC) in endosperm and improved eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Notably, the knockout of <i>OsSPL7</i> and <i>OsB3</i> improves the ECQ without compromising the rice appearance quality, which was further validated in the <i>indica</i> rice ‘Zhongjiazao17’ background. In summary, this gene regulatory network for rice endosperm starch biosynthesis established here will provide important theoretical and practical guidance for the genetic improvement of rice quality.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic embryogenetic receptor kinase TaSERL2 regulates heat stress tolerance in wheat by influencing TaBZR2 protein stability and transcriptional activity.","authors":"Xiang-Yang Hao, Tai-Fei Yu, Chao-Jun Peng, Yi-Han Fu, Yu-Hui Fang, Yan Li, Zhao-Shi Xu, Jun Chen, Hai-Bin Dong, You-Zhi Ma, Wei-Gang Xu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress is a major factor limiting crop yield, a challenge intensified by climate change. Initial findings indicate that BES1/BZR1 may use heat shock to regulate plant thermal adaptability independently of BIN2-mediated brassinosteroid signalling, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified TaBZR2, a wheat gene whose expression showed a strong positive correlation with heat stress tolerance, based on transcriptome analysis of heat-tolerant wheat cultivars. Overexpression of TaBZR2 enhanced heat stress tolerance, while RNA interference of TaBZR2 reduced it. Further analysis revealed that TaBZR2 interacts with and is phosphorylated by wheat somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 2 (TaSERL2). Overexpression of TaSERL2 reduced heat stress tolerance by promoting TaBZR2 degradation and inhibiting its regulation of wheat heat stress response genes. However, heat stress reduced the phosphorylation levels of both TaSERL2 and TaBZR2, lessening TaSERL2's inhibitory effect on TaBZR2 and enhancing the stability of TaBZR2. These results reveal that the TaSERL2-TaBZR2 module negatively regulates plant heat stress tolerance. This study expands the current model of heat stress responses and provides evidence for the role of BES1/BZR1 in heat stress regulation independent of brassinosteroid signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular changes in agroinfiltrated leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana expressing suppressor of silencing P19 and coronavirus-like particles","authors":"Louis-Philippe Hamel, Francis Poirier-Gravel, Marie-Ève Paré, Rachel Tardif, Marc-André Comeau, Pierre-Olivier Lavoie, Andréane Langlois, Marie-Claire Goulet, Dominique Michaud, Marc-André D'Aoust","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70075","url":null,"abstract":"The production of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines can be achieved by transient expression of the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in agroinfiltrated leaves of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Relying on bacterial vector <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>, this process is favoured by co-expression of viral silencing suppressor P19. Upon expression, the S protein enters the cell secretory pathway, before being trafficked to the plasma membrane where formation of coronavirus-like particles (CoVLPs) occurs. We previously characterized the effects of influenza virus hemagglutinin forming VLPs through similar processes. However, leaf samples were only collected after 6 days of expression, and it is unknown whether influenza VLPs (HA-VLPs) and CoVLPs induce similar responses. Here, time course sampling was used to profile responses of <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaf cells expressing P19 only, or P19 and the S protein. The latter triggered early but transient activation of the unfolded protein response and waves of transcription factor genes involved in immunity. Accordingly, defence genes were induced with different expression kinetics, including those promoting lignification, terpene biosynthesis, and oxidative stress. Cross-talk between stress hormone pathways also occurred, including repression of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes after agroinfiltration, and dampening of salicylic acid responses upon S protein accumulation. Overall, HA-VLP- and CoVLP-induced responses broadly overlapped, suggesting nanoparticle production to have the most effects on plant immunity, regardless of the virus surface proteins expressed. Taking advantage of RNAseq inferences, we finally show the co-expression of Kunitz trypsin inhibitors to reduce CoVLP-induced defence and leaf symptoms, with no adverse effect on plant productivity.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice-derived SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S1 subunit vaccine elicits humoral and cellular immune responses.","authors":"Li Song, Yaya Wen, Yu Zhou, Hui Zhang, Yuqi Tian, Jing Wang, Yaodan Cui, Ruimeng Tan, Dan Xiong, Chuang Meng, Yan Zhou, Qianfeng Li, Zhiming Pan, Qiaoquan Liu, Xinan Jiao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19, has been spreading and mutating globally despite the expedited approval of many commercial vaccines. Therefore, developing safe, effective and affordable vaccines remains essential to meet the global demand, particularly in developing countries. Transgenic plants have emerged as a promising platform to express recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical and vaccine applications. Two binary vectors, pCAMBIA1300Gt1-S1 and pCAMBIA1300Actin-S1, containing distinct promoters, were constructed and transformed into rice via Agrobacterium. Overall, 56 independent transgenic rice lines were regenerated. Expression analysis revealed that the rice-derived S1 (rS1) protein could be expressed in pGt1::S1 transgenic rice seeds. rS1 protein expression levels reached up to 282 μg/g dry weight, with S1 gene insertion having no effect on grain size and weight. The rS1 protein exhibited a high affinity for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in vitro. Moreover, the immunogenicity of purified rS1 protein co-administered with various adjuvants demonstrated that mice vaccinated with Alum-adjuvant rS1 generated enhanced humoral immune responses with high serum IgG, IgG1 and neutralizing antibody levels. Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin (FliC)-adjuvanted rS1 elicited stronger S1-specific IgG2a levels, promoted splenocyte proliferation and induced mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine responses. This was evidenced by increased proportions of antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-17A-positive CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, suggesting its potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. These findings suggest that rS1 protein offers a promising approach for affordable COVID-19 subunit vaccine production, and this strategy can be universally applied to other viral vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial regulation of chlorophyll degradation in kiwifruit: AcNAC2-AcSGR1/2 cascades mediate rapid de-greening in the inner pericarp.","authors":"Yingying Wu, Jinfeng Liu, Xinyuan Sheng, Wenqiu Wang, Tianchi Wang, Marcela Martinez-Sanchez, Songhu Wang, Meiyan Tu, Jiahui Deng, Andrew C Allan, Ross G Atkinson, Niels J Nieuwenhuizen, Xueren Yin, Yunliu Zeng","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in skin colour, as a visual cue for fruit ripeness, are important physiological markers in many crops including tomato, banana and grape. In kiwifruit, the skin remains brown during ripening, but de-greening of the pericarp occurs to reveal accumulated carotenoids and anthocyanins in gold- and red-fleshed cultivars. In this study, analysis of the inner and outer pericarp of Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang' revealed faster chlorophyll degradation in the inner pericarp, compared with the outer pericarp. Based on transcriptome analysis, two chlorophyll degradation-related genes encoding Mg-dechelatases (AcSGR1 and AcSGR2) were more abundantly expressed in the inner pericarp, and this correlated with higher Mg-dechelatase enzyme activity in the inner pericarp than in the outer pericarp. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified potential regulators of AcSGR1/2. A differentially expressed NAM/ATAF/CUC transcription factor AcNAC2 was identified, which could directly interact with AcSGR1 and AcSGR2 promoters and strongly activate their expression. A closely related NAC, AcNAC3, also enhanced AcSGR1/2 expression, but was less abundantly expressed. Transient expression in tobacco confirmed that AcNAC2 and AcNAC3 promote chlorophyll degradation, and stable overexpression in kiwifruit verified that AcNAC2 acts via up-regulation of AcSGR1/2 gene expression. CRISPR-mediated knockouts of AcNAC2/3 in kiwifruit dramatically reduced expression levels of AcSGR1/2 genes in fruit, leading to significantly delayed chlorophyll degradation and de-greening. Together, these results suggest that differential chlorophyll degradation drives the differences observed in chlorophyll content between the inner and outer pericarp of kiwifruit, which is principally modulated by the transcription factor AcNAC2.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic photorespiratory bypass more stably increases potato yield per plant by improving photosynthesis.","authors":"Xiuling Lin, Yuming Long, Zhen Yao, Boran Shen, Min Lin, Xiaofen Zhong, Xiaohong Chen, Xiangyang Li, Guohui Zhu, Zhisheng Zhang, Xinxiang Peng","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bioengineering of photorespiration has emerged as a key target for improving photosynthesis and crop yield. In our previous study, two photorespiratory bypasses, GOC and GCGT, were successfully established in rice, and the transgenic plants exhibited increased photosynthesis and yield. However, reduced seed-setting rates were observed in both GOC and GCGT rice. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduced the GOC bypass into potato, as potato is vegetatively reproduced without the need for pollination, unlike rice. After the GOC bypass was successfully established in potato, transgenic plants were tested in field experiments at different locations in China with contrasting climates. Consequently, the yield per plant increased by 21.3%-69.2% for GOC potatoes under normal growth conditions and enhanced by 12.9%-29.9% under adverse environments. GOC potatoes acquired a more stable yield increase than GOC rice. Moreover, the advantages under high light, as noticed earlier for GOC rice, were further verified in this study through various field experiments because the yield increase was obviously higher in GOC potatoes grown in the northern area with high solar radiation than in those grown in the south with relatively lower solar radiation. Mechanistic analyses indicated that photosynthesis increased while photorespiration was suppressed, and much fewer photosynthates accumulated in GOC potatoes. These results demonstrate that the GOC bypass increases yield per plant more stably in potato than in rice, as well as show promising prospects for practical application in improving crop yields, particularly under high-light conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISDH-seq: a robust methodology for profiling and characterization of open chromatin","authors":"Zhaoguo Li, Yonghang Run, Ying Yang, Yining Shi, Mahmoud Tavakoli, Yulian Peng, Linwei She, Gennadii Borovskii, Wenli Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70069","url":null,"abstract":"Profiling of open chromatin is essential for understanding regulatory mechanisms that govern DNA-templated events. However, methodology-dependent detection of open chromatin sites (OCSs) has been reported in both humans and plants. Therefore, there is a pressing need for any reliable orthogonal methodologies to broaden the identification of open chromatin across the genome, particularly in plants. We here report the development of an in situ DNase I hypersensitivity sequencing (ISDH-seq) for the efficient characterization of open chromatin, which can be applicable to 50–200 K nuclei. This technique identifies 72% and 120% more OCSs than newly generated DNase- and ATAC-seq from the same batch of tissues as ISDH, respectively, in the rice genome. As compared to DH-specific OCSs, ISDH-specific OCSs exhibit distinct epigenetic features, including relative hypomethylation, a higher frequency of OCSs associated with H3K27me3 and increased associations with spatial chromatin interactions. Genes with H3K27me3-enriched ISDH-specific OCSs tend to be more expressed in a stress- and tissue-dependent manner, which have significant biological implications. The functions of ISDH-specific OCSs may be mediated by TF-centred networks or through chromatin loops. Importantly, a subset of genes co-regulated by more ISDH-specific distal OCSs (dOCSs) through chromatin loops are more evolutionarily conserved than genes regulated by a single ISDH-specific <i>trans</i>-OCS, including domesticated genes responsible for important agronomic traits. Thus, ISDH-seq can enrich and expand regulatory landscapes, facilitating a better understanding of their biological implications across plant genomes. It could serve as a reliable method that complements existing techniques and can be adapted for use in non-plant systems.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"9311 allele of OsNAR2.2 enhances nitrate transport to improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency","authors":"Linlin Hou, Dongdong Chen, Xiangjian Pan, Shenghang Jiang, Jiajia Liu, Qing Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Yi Tong, Li Zhu, Jiang Hu, Guangheng Zhang, Guojun Dong, Qiang Zhang, Deyong Ren, Lan Shen, Longbiao Guo, Qian Qian, Zhenyu Gao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70073","url":null,"abstract":"Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice is a requirement for future sustainable agricultural production. However, key factors and regulatory networks involved in NUE remain unclear. Here, QTL analysis, fine-mapping and functional validation demonstrated that <i>qCR4</i> encodes a putative high-affinity nitrate transporter-activating protein 2.2 (OsNAR2.2). Located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), OsNAR2.2 was confirmed to regulate nitrate transport from root-to-shoot and control panicle number, grain yield and NUE in rice. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR revealed that <i>OsNAR2.2</i> modulates nitrogen utilization by altering the expressions of some nitrogen metabolism-related genes and auxin signal-related genes. Furthermore, the 9311 allele of <i>OsNAR2.2</i> significantly enhanced panicle number, grain yield and NUE, which provides a potential target for rice yield and NUE improvement.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An NLR receptor confers broad-spectrum resistance to diversified powdery mildew sublineages in wheat and barley","authors":"Renchun Fan, Lei Feng, Yaling Liu, Qiulian Tang, Yitong Zhao, Yanan Li, Shuangjun Gong, Ruiming Lin, Shuo Huang, Ting Qi, Alexander Förderer, Lijun Yang, Yajun Wang, Jijie Chai, Paul Schulze-Lefert, Huagang He, Qian-Hua Shen","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70038","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Wheat (&lt;i&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/i&gt;) and barley (&lt;i&gt;Hordeum vulgare&lt;/i&gt;) are the two most important crops in the Triticeae tribe that diverged approximately 11.6 million years ago. Both crops are severely threatened by notorious fungal diseases such as powdery mildew. The pathogens causing powdery mildew disease on cereal crops are &lt;i&gt;Blumeria graminis&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;syn. Erysiphe graminis&lt;/i&gt;), which have evolved and existed as distinct sublineages (called &lt;i&gt;formae speciales&lt;/i&gt;, f.sp.). Intriguingly, mildew isolates from each &lt;i&gt;formae speciales&lt;/i&gt; subfamily can only cause disease on a cereal host species, but normally not on the others, thus referred to as non-host species. Thus far, powdery mildew resistance genes isolated from wheat, barley and relatives encode mostly nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like immune receptors (NLRs) and a few non-NLR proteins (Sánchez-Martín and Keller, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;; Zou &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). While most of the NLR-type &lt;i&gt;Pm&lt;/i&gt; genes mediate isolate-specific resistance, the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; gene, originally introgressed from wheat wild relative &lt;i&gt;Dasypyrum villosum&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Dv&lt;/i&gt;), confers broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) to all tested isolates of the wheat powdery mildew, &lt;i&gt;B. graminis&lt;/i&gt; f.sp. &lt;i&gt;tritici&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Bgt&lt;/i&gt;) (Zhang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). All cloned &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; homologous genes encode typical coiled-coil (CC)-subtype NLRs (Han &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; He &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Huang &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Xing &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Zhu &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). However, whether the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; genes confer BSR to a diversified &lt;i&gt;B. graminis&lt;/i&gt; subfamily that colonizes a diverged Triticeae crop, for example, &lt;i&gt;B. graminis&lt;/i&gt; f.sp. &lt;i&gt;hordei&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Bgh&lt;/i&gt;) infecting only barley, remains uninvestigated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Our previous analysis reveals that the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; locus in &lt;i&gt;Dv&lt;/i&gt; accessions harbours at least 38 non-redundant &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; alleles and these alleles were classified into seven clades, representing a valuable NLR gene pool (He &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). To further explore the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; gene resources, the &lt;i&gt;Pm21-B1&lt;/i&gt; allele, as a member from the largest clade B and isolated from a resistant &lt;i&gt;Dv&lt;/i&gt; accession W619414, was selected for further comparative analysis with the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; allele (i.e. &lt;i&gt;Pm21-A1&lt;/i&gt; allele from clade A). We aimed to broaden the utilization of &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; allelic gene pool in diverged Triticeae crops.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Pm21-B1&lt;/i&gt; allele differs from the &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; allele by several InDels and many SNPs (He &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), with most polymorphisms resided in the LRR domains (Figure 1a, Figure S1). To assess the function of &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pm21-B1&lt;/i&gt; in diverged crops, we performed single-cell transient gene expression assays in both wheat and barley by particle bombardment. Overexpression of either &lt;i&gt;Pm21&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;Pm21-B1&lt;/","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"102 4 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and adaptive evolutionary history of Sapindus in China: insights from whole-genome resequencing of 100 representative individuals","authors":"Jiming Liu, Guochun Zhao, Yulin Zheng, Yuanyuan Xu, Mianzhi Wang, Lu Li, Caowen Sun, Qiuyang He, Rami-Petteri Apuli, Joan Jing Yi Jong, Jia Jun Ngiam, Andrey Vaulin, Roy Jun Kai Tham, Liming Jia, Zhong Chen, Jarkko Salojärvi","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Sapindus</i> is an important forest tree genus with utility in biodiesel, biomedicine, biochemistry and forestry. Similar to many perennial crop plants, its breeding is hampered by long generation times and lack of genetic resources. To understand the genome evolution underlying the important bioeconomic traits, we carried out a common garden experiment with 100 <i>Sapindus</i> core germplasm individuals representing three endemic species and 60 populations sampled throughout China. Whole genome sequencing identified a split into six populations according to species and geography. The previously uncharacterized <i>S. delavayi</i> and <i>S. rarak</i> are diploid species, and here we propose hypotheses for their speciation. Selective sweeps suggested stress responses as well as alleles of the genes <i>CYP716A</i>, <i>CAMTA</i> and <i>HD</i>-<i>ZIP</i> involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis to have been under selection in natural populations, while genome-wide association analysis revealed several homologues of fatty acid biosynthesis genes to be associated with kernel fatty acid quality. Our findings elucidate the genetic structure of <i>Sapindus</i> in China, provide target loci for selection and suggest cultivar materials for genetic improvement.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}