Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"ZmTH1 Is Vital for Healthy Plant Growth and Promotes Cold/Drought Tolerance by Regulating Thiamin Diphosphate-Dependent Metabolisms in Maize.","authors":"Tengfei Zhang,Jie Zang,Boming Yang,Qiuxia Wang,Jijun Yan,Peiyong Xin,Jinfang Chu,Huabang Chen,Zhaogui Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70400","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B1 (VB1) plays a crucial role in sustaining plant health and enabling adaptive responses to environmental stress. The complex maize genome implies a sophisticated VB1 synthesis pathway, with the mechanisms by which VB1 benefits plants remaining elusive. Here, we identified two VB1 biosynthetic genes, THIAMINE REQUIRING 1 (ZmTH1) and its paralog THIAMINE MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 (ZmTMPS1), from a natural mutant pale leaf and depauperate growth 1 (pldg1). We elucidated their specific roles in regulating multiple thiamin diphosphate (TDP)-dependent metabolic pathways and their effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. ZmTH1 encodes a chloroplast-localised, bifunctional enzyme comprising phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase (HMPP-K) and thiamine monophosphate synthase (TMP-S) domains. Functional dissection revealed that these domains functioned synergistically, with disruption of one domain significantly attenuating the other, although both can function independently. A frameshift mutation in ZmTH1 (Zmth1) resulted in reduced biosynthesis of VB1, TMP and TDP. Consequently, the activity of TDP-dependent enzymes was impaired, disrupting multiple TDP-dependent metabolic pathways. Additionally, ZmTMPS1, localised to the cytosol and nucleus, exhibited limited TMP-S activity that partially compensated for ZmTH1 mutation in pldg1 but cannot fully restore VB1 levels. Overexpression of ZmTH1 or exogenous VB1 application enhanced maize seedling tolerance to cold and drought stresses by increasing TDP-dependent enzyme activity. These findings advance the understanding of VB1 metabolism in maize and provide genetic targets for improving stress resilience and crop performance.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Architecture and Key Drought and Yield Related Genes in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.).","authors":"Wenxian Liu,Xianglong Zhao,Yanpeng Li,Qiang Zhou,Iain R Searle,Wengang Xie,Zhibiao Nan,Zhipeng Liu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70407","url":null,"abstract":"Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is one of the most economically important annual pasture legumes worldwide. Many factors affect the yield of common vetch; however, the genetic architecture and gene functions associated with common vetch yield have not been explored. On the basis of 115.53 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 18.55 million insertions-deletions (InDels) identified in 222 diverse common vetch accessions, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) on the 4-year results for six yield-related agronomic traits (water loss rate, dry weight, lodging index, stem thickness, absolute height and natural height). In total, 2864 SNPs and 481 InDels were respectively identified to be significantly associated with these six traits. Furthermore, a water loss rate-related candidate gene (Vs-pyruvate decarboxylase 2 [VsPDC2]) was functionally characterised and demonstrated to be a key regulator of the water loss rate in the heterologous species Arabidopsis thaliana. This study is the first to use GWAS to investigate the genetic architecture and key regulatory genes associated with drought tolerance and yield in common vetch, thereby providing valuable insights for common vetch breeding and future research.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Convergent Pattern Recognition Receptors Recognising Phytophthora Across Plant Lineages.","authors":"Yong Pei,Yaning Zhao,Hui Wang,Yining Guo,Xinyi Gu,Jingkun Lv,Zhenjie Guo,Yanjun Chen,Yingkai Ren,Yanrong Ren,Jianyu Yan,Yuke Wang,Peiyun Ji,Danyu Shen,Zhiyuan Yin,Daolong Dou","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70409","url":null,"abstract":"Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are pivotal for plant immunity, yet their discovery in crops is hindered by lineage-specific divergence. We demonstrate that microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) often activate immunity through phylogenetically unrelated, convergently evolved PRRs across plant lineages. Using the Phytophthora-derived MAMP RLK6 as a prototype, we identified two leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLPs), NbRKR1 and NbRKR2, that redundantly perceive RLK6 in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Strikingly, soybean retained RLK6 responsiveness despite lacking NbRKR1/2 orthologs. By integrating AlphaFold3 structural prediction with functional screening in N. benthamiana receptor mutants, we uncovered GmRLP30 as the convergent RLK6 receptor in soybean. Phylogenetic analysis revealed RKR1/2 conservation in Solanaceae but their absence in Capsicum annuum, which encodes a truncated RKR1 variant incapable of activating RLK6 immunity. Critically, heterologous expression of NbRKR1 or GmRLP30 in pepper restored RLK6 perception, confirming functional equivalence. These results establish a direct receptor-mediated communication between pathogen and host surfaces, an ortholog-independent pipeline for rapid PRR mining across crops, and a foundation for engineering synthetic immune interfaces with durable disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic and Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Analyses Shed Light on Secondary Metabolite Profiling and Potential Developmental Dynamics of Glandular Trichomes in Artemisia argyi","authors":"Shuting Dong, Hongyu Chen, Sijie Sun, Miaoxian Guo, Chao Sun, Shilin Chen, Hongmei Luo","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70362","url":null,"abstract":"Plant glandular trichomes (GTs) are characterised by their ability to synthesise and store abundant secondary metabolites of significant biological importance. The medicinal plant <jats:italic>Artemisia argyi</jats:italic> exhibits a dense covering of GTs, yet the precise metabolic compositions and the developmental molecular dynamics of <jats:italic>A. argyi</jats:italic> GTs remain insufficiently characterised. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), we identified 969 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between GTs and non‐glandular trichomes (NGTs) of <jats:italic>A. argyi</jats:italic>. GTs were significantly enriched in diverse metabolites, including terpenoids, flavonoids and fatty acyls, among which sesquiterpenoids were the most abundant terpenoid subclass in DAMs. To elucidate the molecular basis of GT secondary metabolite biosynthesis and development, we generated a single‐cell transcriptomic atlas of <jats:italic>A. argyi</jats:italic> leaves, annotating cell populations of mesophyll cells (MCs), epidermal cells (ECs), vascular cells (VCs), stomatal guard cells (GCs) and GTs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis uncovered the continuous developmental trajectory of GTs and identified several candidate transcription factors (TFs) potentially involved in GT development. Leveraging the single‐cell atlas, we constructed cell‐type‐specific co‐expression networks for sesquiterpene biosynthesis genes. Within the GT‐specific expression module, we identified β‐caryophyllene synthase AarTPS77, while the EC‐specific AarTPS52 was found to function as β‐farnesene synthase. Furthermore, we functionally characterised AarTPS95 and AarTPS96, which catalyse the formation of germacrene A and 12 additional sesquiterpenoids. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of trichome development and secondary metabolite accumulation in <jats:italic>A. argyi</jats:italic>, laying the foundation for improving the quality of medicinal materials.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insights Into Functional Innovations of Dammarenediol-II Synthase in Panax ginseng.","authors":"Lei Feng,Yan Zhao,Dongju Fu,Xia Li,Bing Hao,Yucheng Zhao,Xiangyu Liu,Guisheng Xiang,Zihan Yang,Fengling Tan,Meiyu Duan,Hanyu Fu,Bolin Wu,Simei He,Yina Wang,Geng Chen,Shuangyan Zhang,Chuyi Wang,Wanling Song,Yuanhong Fan,Guanghui Zhang,Shengchao Yang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhus chinensis Genome Provides Insights Into Tannin, Flavonoid Biosynthesis, and Glandular Trichome Development","authors":"Zhaogeng Lu, Helin Zou, Jiawen Cui, Tongfei Wang, Lingyu Ma, Shixiong Ren, Yiwei Cao, Xi Zhang, Zixi Chen, Hongyan Bao, Ling Zhu, Yaning Cui, Ruili Li, Xiuyan Yang, Qikun Zhang, Zhili Wang, Wangxiang Zhang, Li Wang, Jinxing Lin, Biao Jin","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70392","url":null,"abstract":"The “salt tree”, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Rhus chinensis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>, holds significant economic and medicinal value due to its ability to produce <jats:italic>Galla chinensis</jats:italic> (Chinese gall/gallnut), a plant‐derived medicinal material used in both traditional Chinese and modern medicine that is rich in tannins and flavonoids. It is also renowned for its remarkable stress tolerance. However, the genetic basis underlying its tannin and flavonoid biosynthesis and stress adaptation remains largely unexplored. Here, we assembled a chromosome‐level genome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>R. chinensis</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> with a size of 357.62 Mb. A significant expansion of defence‐related genes, particularly those involved in chitin catabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, explains the tree's extensive environmental adaptability. We identified key genes involved in tannin biosynthesis and hydrolysis, with <jats:italic>RcTA1</jats:italic> playing a central role in gallic acid accumulation, a precursor of hydrolyzable tannins. Notably, RcDIV1 promotes tannin hydrolysis by directly activating <jats:italic>RcTA1</jats:italic> transcription. Additionally, we uncovered that well‐developed multicellular glandular trichomes, regulated by RcGL2, along with an expanded array of transporters (e.g., ABCGs) and an enhanced ABA response, play critical roles in mediating salt tolerance. These factors collectively drive the production of salt‐like secretions, including phenolic and organic acids, which coat the fruit surface. Our study provides profound insights into the genetic mechanisms governing abundant tannin accumulation, flavonoid biosynthesis, glandular trichome development, and stress resilience, offering valuable genetic resources for improving the medicinal and ecological traits of this species.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ZmFKF1b‐ZmDi19‐5 Regulatory Module Coordinates Drought Tolerance and Flowering Time in Maize","authors":"Haixia Zeng, Dandan Dou, Yang Yang, Yan Yan, Yawen Sun, Shuhan Yang, Wen Yao, Shifang Zhao, Mingle Wang, Zhixue Liu, Zhenzhen Ren, Huihui Su, Liru Cao, Lixia Ku, Xu Zheng, Chengwei Li, Yanhui Chen","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70404","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and reduces crop yields. The <jats:italic>Di19</jats:italic> gene family is known to play a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to drought. However, the mechanisms by which Di19 proteins integrate drought response with developmental processes, particularly flowering time, remain largely unknown in maize. In this study, we reveal that <jats:italic>ZmDi19‐5</jats:italic> possesses a dual function in regulating both drought tolerance and flowering in maize. Overexpression of <jats:italic>ZmDi19‐5</jats:italic> not only enhanced drought tolerance but also delayed flowering time. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ZmDi19‐5 and ZmFKF1b proteins interact both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to the <jats:italic>zmfkf1b</jats:italic> mutants, plants overexpressing <jats:italic>ZmFKF1b</jats:italic> exhibited increased sensitivity to drought and accelerated flowering. Mechanistically, the interaction with ZmFKF1b attenuates the binding of ZmDi19‐5 to the promoter of its downstream targets, including the transcription factor <jats:italic>ZmHsf08</jats:italic> and the flowering inhibitor <jats:italic>ZmCOL3</jats:italic>, subsequently affecting their expression. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the ZmFKF1b‐ZmDi19‐5 module coordinates drought stress responses and flowering time in maize, providing a promising target for breeding drought‐resistant maize varieties with stable agronomic traits.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaSPX3 Enhances Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust by Antagonising TaDi19‐Mediated Repression of Pathogenesis‐Related Genes","authors":"Huimin Qian, Chuang Li, Yanan Lu, Xue Li, Jianping Zhang, Junyi Zhao, Keyan Wu, Yanyan Zhang, Kun Cheng, Daowen Wang, Pengyu Song, Na Liu, Wenming Zheng","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70402","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat leaf rust, caused by <jats:italic>Puccinia triticina</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pt</jats:italic>), threatens global wheat production, with yield losses further exacerbated by the pathogen's evolving virulence. Although Syg1/Pho81/Xpr1 (SPX) domain‐containing proteins are known regulators of phosphate homeostasis, their involvement in plant–pathogen interactions remains largely unexplored. We demonstrated that <jats:italic>TaSPX3</jats:italic>, a wheat SPX family gene, is rapidly induced during early <jats:italic>Pt</jats:italic> infection and flg22 treatment. Genetic evidence indicates that <jats:italic>TaSPX3</jats:italic> is a positive regulator of rust resistance, with knockdown lines showing increased susceptibility and overexpression lines exhibiting enhanced resistance. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening, we identified TaDi19‐1D, a zinc finger transcription factor, as a direct TaSPX3 interactor. TaDi19‐1D functions as a negative immune regulator by suppressing the expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes (<jats:italic>TaPR1</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TaPR2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>TaPR5</jats:italic>) through direct promoter binding. TaSPX3 counteracts this repression by physically interacting with TaDi19‐1D, thereby derepressing PR gene expression and boosting wheat resistance to <jats:italic>Pt</jats:italic>. Our findings revealed a novel TaSPX3–TaDi19 regulatory module that fine‐tunes <jats:italic>TaPRs</jats:italic> expression, providing mechanistic insights into pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and potential genetic targets for breeding durable broad‐spectrum disease‐resistant wheat varieties.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Cyanobacteria for High-Yield Photosynthetic Isoprene Production With Long-Term Phenotypic Stability.","authors":"Kim N Janssen,Paul Bolay,Adrian Tüllinghoff,Jörg Toepel,Daniel Spindler,Bruno Bühler,Pia Lindberg","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70395","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the looming climate crisis, a key cornerstone for a sustainable bioeconomy is photosynthetic production of chemicals and fuels from CO2 and water, powered by sunlight. Isoprene is a five-carbon volatile hydrocarbon with industrial use as a feedstock for rubber production and chemical synthesis and is, at present, generated from crude oil sources. It is, however, possible to produce isoprene using photoautotrophic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, heterologously expressing the plant enzyme isoprene synthase. Here, we have employed diverse metabolic engineering strategies to develop new strains of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 capable of high-level isoprene production from CO2, and have characterised the resulting strains regarding growth, stability and productivity. The new isoprene-producing strains address several challenges in large-scale photobiotechnological production such as genetic and metabolic stability, biosafety and thermotolerance. Moreover, we tested photosynthetic terpenoid production in photobioreactors under process-relevant conditions, achieving the highest volumetric productivities reported so far for a terpene or terpenoid product in cyanobacteria, reaching 148 mg L-1 day-1. Furthermore, we identified and discussed process limitations, laying the foundation for further strain and process engineering towards highly efficient and stable cyanobacterial hydrocarbon production at large scale without selection pressure.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Transgenes and Evaluation of Yield Penalties in Genome Edited Bacterial Blight Resistant Rice Varieties","authors":"Eliza P. I. Loo, José C. Huguet‐Tapia, Michael Selvaraj, Melissa Stiebner, Britta Killing, Marcel Buchholzer, Van Schepler‐Luu, Thomas Hartwig, Sandra P. Valdéz Gutierrez, Madlen I. Rast‐Somssich, Boris Szurek, Joe Tohme, Paul Charraviaga, Frank F. White, Bing Yang, Wolf B. Frommer","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70332","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial blight (BB) of rice, caused by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Xanthomonas oryzae</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> pv. <jats:italic>oryzae</jats:italic> (Xoo), is one of the major drivers of yield losses in Africa and Asia. Xoo secretes TAL‐effectors (TALe) that induce host SWEET sucrose uniporter by binding to the effector binding element (EBE) of <jats:italic>SWEET</jats:italic> promoters, likely required for Xoo reproduction and virulence. We had multiplex edited the EBEs of three SWEET genes to prevent TALe binding, producing genome‐edited (GE'd) rice mega‐varieties (IR64, Ciherang‐Sub1 for Asia and Komboka for Africa) that were resistant to a wide spectrum of Xoo strains. Here, we report comprehensive analyses of the GE'd lines, including evaluation of agronomic performance in multi‐location multi‐season experimental field plots under different fertilisation regimes and tests for the presence/absence of foreign DNA/transgene in the offspring of GE'd lines (IR64‐BC1T6, Ciherang‐Sub1‐BC1T5, Komboka‐T3). Various strategies were evaluated, including herbicide tolerance, PCR, DNA gel blotting, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and specific tests stipulated by country‐specific biosafety guidelines. Different WGS technologies were evaluated and also used to identify the heritability of the edits, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertions/deletions (indels) that might have resulted from somaclonal variation and potential GE‐induced off‐target mutations. Complete genome reference sequences for the parental lines IR64, Ciherang‐Sub1, and Komboka are provided. In the field experiments, the GE'd lines did not show performance defects. Together, the results indicate that select GE'd lines do not contain foreign DNA or transgene fragments and fulfil the requirements for treatment equivalent to classical breeding lines in countries such as India and Kenya.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}