Plant Biotechnology Journal最新文献

{"title":"CgABR1-CgFAD negatively regulates the fruit neck length in citrus.","authors":"Shengjun Liu,Xuejun Bei,Yawei Li,Xiang Gao,Fusheng Wang,Xiaoyan An,Qingjiang Wu,Jinmei Huang,Lixia Lu,Hongming Liu,Chunrui Long,Yuantao Xu,Xia Wang,Qiang Xu,Shaohua Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70111","url":null,"abstract":"Pummelo (Citrus maxima) is a fundamental species of Citrus which contributes to most of the cultivated citrus, including sweet orange, lemon and etc. The fruit neck is a structural feature of pummelo, and a long fruit neck reduces the edible rate of the fruit. In this study, we assembled a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome for the typical short fruit neck cultivar, 'Pingshan' pummelo, and a chromosome-level genome for the typical long fruit neck cultivar, 'Shatian' pummelo. Here, we used a segment population derived from a cross between a long fruit neck cultivar ('Guanxi' pummelo) and a short fruit neck ('Pingshan' pummelo) cultivar to map the determinant controlling the fruit neck length. We identified a strong peak on chromosome 1 within the 27.5-30.5 Mb physical region and found a 52 bp deletion linked with the fruit neck length. Moreover, by combining RNA sequencing data of the fruit neck development and variation analysis, we identified two genes, one encodes ethylene-responsive transcription factor (CgABR1) and the other encodes FAD-dependent urate hydroxylase (CgFAD). Genetic transformation confirmed that overexpression of CgABR1 and CgFAD can inhibit fruit neck length. DNA affinity purification sequencing, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-LUC reporter assays demonstrated that CgABR1 can activate the expression of CgFAD by directly binding to its promoter. In summary, we assembled a T2T gap-free genome for pummelo and identified the key genes for fruit neck length in citrus, offering an important resource and new genes for citrus genetic improvement and breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Gypsophila elegans hairy root cultures to produce endosomal escape-enhancing saponins.","authors":"Elia Lacchini,Tongtong Qu,Tessa Moses,Alexander N Volkov,Alain Goossens","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70122","url":null,"abstract":"The limited cytosolic delivery of DNA and protein-based therapeutics due to endosomal entrapment reduces drug efficacy, increasing treatment costs and possible side effects in human and veterinary medicine as a consequence of higher administered dosages. Plant-derived triterpenoid saponins, specifically those with endosomal escape-enhancing (EEE) properties, have shown promise in overcoming this limitation by disrupting endosomal membranes. QS-21, a well-known EEE saponin, has been used as an adjuvant in vaccines, and recent studies have elucidated its biosynthetic pathway. However, EEE saponins are typically present as minor compounds in plants, posing challenges for their large-scale production and purification. Here we investigated the possibility of engineering SO1861 production, an EEE saponin from Saponaria officinalis, using heterologous gene expression in Gypsophila elegans hairy roots, a plant species known to synthesize structurally related saponins. Via S. officinalis transcriptomics, we identified jasmonate-responsive saponin biosynthetic genes, and three cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) involved in C23, C28 and C16 oxidations were characterised. Heterologous expression of these CYP450s in G. elegans hairy roots successfully altered the saponin profile, with notable increases in SO1861 precursors in lines expressing the C23-oxidases SoCYP72A984 and SoCYP72A1003. Interestingly, expression of only SoCYP72A1003, a non-canonical C23 oxidase, resulted in the accumulation of a compound matching the SO1861 standard, suggesting the activation of a potentially latent pathway and of silent enzymes in a novel combination. This work underscores the potential of engineering strategies in heterologous plant systems to steer triterpenoid saponin biosynthetic pathways and suggests new avenues for producing high-value EEE saponins.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-induced gene silencing of the amino acid biosynthesis gene acetolactate synthase of Phytophthora infestans caused strong enhanced late blight resistance of potato in the field","authors":"Nora Temme, Tobias Haehre, Clarissa Boyher, Lydia Hoppe, Colin Davenport, Zach Stumo, Kai Prenzler, Anja Maeser, Maike Pflugmacher, Kerstin Koch, Dietmar J. Stahl","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> is the most serious disease of potatoes. Here we present the effectiveness of the host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology against an amino acid biosynthesis gene of the pathogen to increase the resistance against the plant-infecting oomycete in the field. A RNAi hairpin construct directed against the acetolactate synthase (<i>ALS</i>) gene of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> was transferred into potato. HIGS-ALS potato lines displayed efficient target gene silencing revealed by a luciferase reporter gene assay. Plant-derived siRNAs targeting the oomycete's <i>ALS</i> gene were detected by small RNA sequencing. <i>ALS</i> gene expression of <i>P. infestans</i> was reduced during the early infection stages of HIGS-ALS potatoes, as shown by qRT-PCR. HIGS-ALS plants revealed an enhanced late blight resistance in detached leaf assays. ALS gene silencing also conferred strong enhanced late blight resistance to the HIGS lines in trials under near-field conditions in Europe and in field trials in the USA against European and US <i>P. infestans</i> isolates, respectively. These results demonstrated the value of the HIGS technology for the development of a new quantitative resistance source for potato against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing plant size for vertical farming by editing stem length regulators","authors":"Yoonseo Lim, Myeong-Gyun Seo, Jiwoo Lee, Seungpyo Hong, Jeong-Tak An, Ho-Young Jeong, Hong-Il Choi, Woo-Jong Hong, Chanhui Lee, Soon Ju Park, Choon-Tak Kwon","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70129","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical farming offers the advantage of providing a stable environment for plant cultivation, shielding them from adverse conditions such as climate change. For fruit-harvesting plants like tomato, vertical farming necessitates the optimization of plant growth and architecture. The <i>gibberellin 3-oxidase</i> (<i>GA3ox</i>) genes encode gibberellin 3-oxidases responsible for activating GA within the pathway and modulating stem length. Among the five <i>SlGA3ox</i> genes, we targeted the coding regions of three <i>SlGA3ox</i> genes (named <i>SlGA3ox3</i>, <i>SlGA3ox4</i> and <i>SlGA3ox5</i>) using multiplex CRISPR genome editing. The <i>slga3ox4</i> single mutants exhibited a slight reduction in primary shoot length, leading to a smaller stature. In contrast, the <i>slga3ox3</i> and <i>slga3ox5</i> single mutants showed subtle phenotypic changes. Notably, the <i>slga3ox3 slga3ox4</i> double mutants developed a more compact shoot architecture with minor physiological differences, potentially making them suitable for vertical farming applications. We observed a correlation between total yield and plant size across all genotypes through multiple yield trials. Observations from vertical farm cultivation revealed that <i>slga3ox3 slga3ox4</i> plants possess a markedly compact plant size, offering potential benefits for space-efficient cultivation. Our research suggests that targeted manipulation of hormone biosynthetic genes can effectively tailor plant architecture for vertical farming.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsBIR3 maintains the homeostasis of OsBRI1, OsREM4.1, and Brd2 protein levels in brassinosteroid pathways in rice","authors":"Jia Guo, Hongshan Zhang, Mengyu Fan, Yongkang Xiao, Yongshuang Zhu, Congping Chen, Hao Shu, Miaomiao Wei, Yating Luo, Xiaorong Yang, Yue Liu, Jinze Xu, Ke Zhao, San Wang, Bin Yang, Changhui Sun, Xiaojian Deng, Pingrong Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70128","url":null,"abstract":"Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a crucial class of plant hormones and regulate many important agronomic traits in crops. In Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), BIR3 interacts with the BR receptor BRI1 and coreceptor BAK1 to negatively regulate BR signalling. In contrast, OsBIR3 interacts with OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 to positively regulate BR signalling in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). However, our understanding of OsBIR3 remains incomplete. In this study, we isolated a <i>reduced upper branch</i> (<i>rub1</i>) mutant of rice, exhibiting a significant reduction in grain number. The causal gene for the mutant phenotype was <i>LOC_Os04g41030</i> (<i>OsBIR3</i>). OsBIR3 interacts with both OsBRI1 and the remorin protein OsREM4.1, but interactions of the mutated Osbir3 with both OsBRI1 and OsREM4.1 were decreased. Furthermore, BL interferes with the interaction of OsBIR3 with OsBRI1, but promotes the interaction of OsBIR3 with OsREM4.1. Overexpression of <i>OsREM4.1</i> and <i>OsBRI1</i> individually in the <i>rub1</i> mutant caused an exacerbation of the mutant phenotype. Additionally, OsBIR3 interacts with Brd2, involving BR biosynthesis in the early stage, and the interaction of the mutated brd2 with wild-type OsBIR3 was increased. Besides, BL promotes the interaction between OsBIR3 and Brd2. Collectively, the data indicate that OsBIR3 plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of OsBRI1, OsREM4.1, and Brd2 at their respective protein levels. This work provides insight into the roles of OsBIR3 in BR signalling and biosynthesis pathways of rice.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The KNOX transcription factor ClSP activates ClAPRR2 to regulate dark green stripe formation in watermelon.","authors":"Zhen Yue,Yanan Fu,Xue Dai,Yingda Chen,Chenxi Guo,Ruiqing Zhang,Xin Huang,Mengjiao Feng,Xing Yan,Zhongyuan Wang,Rong Yu,Shi Liu,Hao Li,Xian Zhang,Li Yuan,Chunhua Wei","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70127","url":null,"abstract":"As a prominent external feature of watermelon, the stripe pattern exhibits remarkable phenotypic diversity, directly impacting commercial value through consumer preference. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this important agronomic trait in watermelon remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that the total chlorophyll content in dark green stripes (DGS) was significantly higher than that in light green stripes (LGS) or reticular green stripes (RGS). Moreover, the number and size of chloroplasts were significantly increased in the DGS. Genetic analysis identified the KNOX TF ClSP as the most likely candidate for regulating watermelon dark green stripe formation, whose functional disruption substantially impaired chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development, converting dark green stripes into reticulate stripes. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified approximately 94 differently expressed genes (DEGs) that contain the KNOX TF binding cis-element 'TGAC' in their promoters. Among these genes, the expression pattern of ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-LIKE (APRR2-like) TF ClAPRR2 closely mirrored that of ClSP, displaying significantly down-regulated transcriptional expression in LGS compared to DGS. Utilizing Y1H, GUS activity, DLR and EMSA assays, we confirmed that ClSP activates the transcriptional activity of ClAPRR2 through promoter binding. Collectively, we propose a potential working model for the ClSP-ClAPRR2 module, which regulates the chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development in watermelon fruits, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying stripe pattern formation.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of β‐galactosidases along the secretory pathway of Nicotiana benthamiana that collectively hamper engineering of galactose‐extended glycans on recombinant glycoproteins","authors":"Alex van der Kaaij, Myrna J. M. Bunte, Lisa Nijhof, Sanaz Mokhtari, Hein Overmars, Arjen Schots, Ruud H. P. Wilbers, Pieter Nibbering","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70126","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryGlycosylation is an important aspect for many biopharmaceuticals, including vaccines against parasitic helminths. Plants, especially <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic>, have proven to be excellent production hosts for biopharmaceuticals with tailor‐made glycosylation. If desired, galactosylation can be introduced on biopharmaceuticals through co‐expression of the appropriate glycosyltransferase. However, achieving homogenous glycoforms with terminal galactose residues remains difficult as native <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> β‐galactosidases (NbBGALs) truncate these glycans. Recently, the first NbBGAL has been identified, but a knockout line was insufficient to achieve near complete galactosylation, suggesting that other enzymes could have similar activity. In this study, we selected 10 NbBGALs for further investigation into subcellular localization, <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic> activity against β1,4‐linked galactose on N‐glycans and β1,3‐linked galactose on O‐glycans. We show that NbBGAL3B is localized in the apoplast and has similar specificity for β1,4‐linked galactose on N‐glycans as the previously identified NbBGAL1. In contrast, none of the selected NbBGALs cleaved β1,3‐linked galactose from O‐glycans besides BGAL1. In addition, we provide a novel strategy to achieve near complete galactosylation on galactosidase‐prone glycoproteins by using the protective capacity of the Lewis X motif and subsequent removal of the antennary fucose residues. Taken together, our results provide a broad view of the ability of NbBGALs to cleave galactoses and have identified NbBGAL3B as the second major contributor of undesired β‐galactosidase activity while engineering N‐glycans. This work lays the foundation for generating knockout lines that are devoid of undesired NbBGALs and therefore do not hamper the production of recombinant glycoproteins with galactose‐extended glycans.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guava root exudate‐driven rhizosphere microorganisms changes transmitted to foliar‐feeding insects influence their feeding behaviour","authors":"Peiwen Zhang, Wei Lu, Lei Yue, Zhixiang Zhang, Xuehua Shao","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70109","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryThe growth of different grafted guava was different as affected by grafting on different rootstock varieties, which also influenced the damage degree of <jats:italic>Spodoptera litura</jats:italic> larvae. The co‐regulation of the pest gut by rhizosphere microorganisms and root exudates may contribute to this differential damage. In this study, the microorganisms of soil, plants, <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> larvae and root exudates of guava grafted on different rootstock varieties were analysed and compared. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the midgut of <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> larvae feeding on heterograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the different variety) were significantly higher than those in the midgut of <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> larvae feeding on homograft leaves of guava (where rootstock and scion are of the same variety), and glutathione s‐transferase activity showed an opposite result. <jats:italic>Enterococcus</jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Escherichia</jats:italic> spp. were the two bacterial genera with the greatest difference in abundance in the midgut of <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> larvae and exhibited a negative correlation with each other. The root system of guava influenced the root structure, soil nutrients and the population structure and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms by regulating the type and amount of root exudates. Root exudates also influenced the physiological and biochemical status of <jats:italic>S. litura</jats:italic> larvae by regulating the rhizosphere microorganisms driving the tritrophic interaction of plant–microbes–insects. Based on our results and the observed differences in pest occurrence among different grafted plants, improving varieties through grafting may become an effective strategy to reduce the impact of insect pests on guava.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chimeric gene orf610a reduces cotton pollen fertility by impairing the assembly of ATP synthase","authors":"Yang Han, Lishuang Ge, Juanjuan Feng, Meng Zhang, Hexuan Zhang, Lin Shi, Di Wu, Xuexian Zhang, Liping Guo, Tingxiang Qi, Huini Tang, Xiuqin Qiao, Chaozhu Xing, Jianyong Wu","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70105","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) serves as a pivotal tool for exploiting hybrid vigour and studying nuclear‐cytoplasmic interactions. Despite its long‐standing use in cotton breeding, the underlying mechanisms of the CMS‐D2 system remain elusive. Our study unravelled the role of the mitochondrial chimeric gene <jats:italic>orf610a</jats:italic> in reducing fertility in cotton through its interaction with ATP synthase subunit D (atpQ). Using yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular luciferase complementation, and transgenic overexpression studies, we identified a unique interaction between orf610a and atpQ, which disturbs the assembly of ATP synthase. This interaction leads to a decrease in ATP levels, an increase in H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are associated with pollen abortion. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of three independent overexpression lines identified 1711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 10 were related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP production. Phenotypic analysis confirmed that orf610a expression causes abnormal anther development and reduced pollen viability, contributing to sterility. Notably, SEM and TEM analyses highlighted structural anomalies in the pollen of <jats:italic>orf610a</jats:italic>‐overexpressing lines, supporting the detrimental impacts of altered ATP synthase function. Our findings suggest that orf610a's interaction with ATP synthase components disrupts normal mitochondrial function and energy production, leading to male sterility in cotton. Understanding the molecular interactions involved in CMS can aid in developing strategies to manipulate sterility for crop improvement, offering insights into mitochondrial‐nuclear interactions that could impact future breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESSENTIAL MEIOTIC ENDONUCLEASE 1 is required for chloroplast development and DNA repair in rice","authors":"Yanxin Du, Yang Li, Weijiang Tang, Weiping Mo, Tingting Ma, Rongcheng Lin","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70101","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryChloroplast development is fundamental to photosynthesis and plant growth but is sensitive to environmental stress. Chloroplast development and division require genome stability and DNA repair, but the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. Using a forward genetic approach, we identified the striped‐leaf mutant <jats:italic>k48</jats:italic> in the rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L. <jats:italic>japonica</jats:italic>) cultivar KY131 background. <jats:italic>k48</jats:italic> displayed defects in chloroplast development and photosynthesis, especially under high‐light conditions. Genetic and complementation studies revealed that the loss of ESSENTIAL MEIOTIC ENDONUCLEASE 1 (EME1) is responsible for the defects in <jats:italic>k48</jats:italic>. Transcriptomic analysis showed that OsEME1 globally regulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and DNA repair. Furthermore, mutations in <jats:italic>OsEME1</jats:italic> led to cell cycle arrest and a DNA damage response. An <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> endonuclease activity assay indicated that OsEME1 directly binds to and cleaves DNA substrates with a specific structure and that four conserved amino acids are required for its activity. Notably, OsEME1 targeted DNA fragments of rice <jats:italic>GOLDEN‐LIKE 1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>GLK1</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>GLK2</jats:italic>. We also demonstrated that OsEME1 interacts with the structure‐specific endonuclease methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and UV‐SENSITIVE PROTEIN 81 (MUS81). This study highlights the role of OsEME1 in regulating chloroplast development by modulating homologous recombination repair in response to damage to double‐stranded DNA.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}