Tiange Zhou,Huan Chen,Xu Jiang,Hongyao Zhu,Qiujun Lin,Ki-Hong Jung,Xiaofeng Zhu,Yuan Hu Xuan
{"title":"TCP19 regulates nitrogen-dependent sheath blight susceptibility by modulating nitrogen uptake and signalling in rice.","authors":"Tiange Zhou,Huan Chen,Xu Jiang,Hongyao Zhu,Qiujun Lin,Ki-Hong Jung,Xiaofeng Zhu,Yuan Hu Xuan","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70224","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive application of nitrogen fertilization improves rice yield, but increases disease severity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of nitrogen- and R. solani-regulated transcriptomes and identified TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYC, PCF 19 (TCP19), that was a key regulator of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), as a potential link between nitrogen metabolism and sheath blight (ShB) regulation. Inoculation of tcp19 and TCP19 OXs with R. solani revealed that TCP19 negatively regulated ShB resistance independent of nitrogen conditions. TCP19 expression was suppressed under moderate nitrogen (MN) but induced under high nitrogen (HN) conditions. Furthermore, TCP19 directly activated Dense and Erect Panicle 1 (DEP1) while repressing nitrate transporter 1.1B (NRT1.1B), ammonium transporter 1;2 (AMT1;2) and pathogenesis-related 1b (PR1b). Notably, TCP19 induced by HN conditions further strengthened this regulation. Phytochrome interacting factor like protein 15 (PIL15), a TCP19 interactor, directly activated DEP1 and AMT1;2 while repressing NRT1.1B. Additionally, the key nitrogen signalling regulator Indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10) interacted with both TCP19 and PIL15 and inhibited DEP1 activation by TCP19 and PIL15. Interestingly, DEP1 competitively interacted with IDD10 to release TCP19 and PIL15. Overall, our findings elucidate the mechanisms by which TCP19 regulates nitrogen signalling in rice ShB resistance, highlighting TCP19-PR1b signal under HN conditions as a key factor contributing to increased disease severity.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144488186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liangxuan Qi, Jing Li, Han Wang, Shuai Li, Lei Yang, Jichao Fang, Rui Ji
{"title":"Planthopper protein Nlsp5 is essential for salivary sheath formation and acts as a HAMP inducing plant resistance to insects.","authors":"Liangxuan Qi, Jing Li, Han Wang, Shuai Li, Lei Yang, Jichao Fang, Rui Ji","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During herbivore feeding, plants can recognize herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) present in saliva and trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Piercing-sucking insects secrete gel saliva, forming salivary sheaths that aid in feeding. However, the role of proteins within these salivary sheaths in modulating plant defences remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel HAMP, Nlsp5, from the salivary sheath of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants. Moreover, the 19-amino-acid peptide (NP19) within Nlsp5 functions as a minimal immunogenic epitope, which is specifically recognized by plants, stimulating jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways. Through exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5 in rice, we further found that the induced defence responses not only impaired planthopper performance directly but also triggered the emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid. Additionally, NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects. However, silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency. This study demonstrates that Nlsp5 from the BPH salivary sheath acts as an unavoidable HAMP, triggering resistance in multiple plants to various insect pests. The critical role of this protein in insect feeding precludes evolutionary adaptations to evade detection by plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The clarification of two hydroxylation steps in the conversion of cholesterol to OSW‐1 in Ornithogalum saundersiae","authors":"Shu‐Yue Zhang, Jian‐Qiang Kong","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70080","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryOSW‐1 is a cholestane saponin uniquely produced in <jats:italic>Ornithogalum saundersiae</jats:italic> and exhibits a potential antitumor activity. The enzymes responsible for OSW‐1 biosynthesis in <jats:italic>O. saundersiae</jats:italic>, however, remain unclear. Herein, cholesterol was confirmed to be the precursor of OSW‐1 using stable‐isotope labeling method. Next, two cytochrome P450s, <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90B94 and <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90G11, and their partner cytochrome P450 reductase <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CPR2 were mined by comparable transcriptome analysis and demonstrated to be involved in OSW‐1 biosynthesis. Specifically, <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90B94 catalyses cholesterol to 22<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>‐hydroxycholesterol, which is then converted to 16<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐hydroxy‐22‐oxo‐cholesterol, a precursor of OSW‐1 by the second P450 <jats:italic>O</jats:italic>sCYP90G11 via two consecutive oxidation reactions. Unlike their homologues, <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90G11 and <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90B94 displayed broader catalytic promiscuity. <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90B94 recognizes both cholesterol and 7<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>‐hydroxycholesterol, while <jats:italic>Os</jats:italic>CYP90G11 can react with cholesterol, 22<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>‐hydroxycholesterol and 16<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>,22<jats:italic>R</jats:italic>‐dihydroxycholesterol, suggesting their involvement in more than one pathway besides OSW‐1 biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for the complete characterization of OSW‐1 biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LGRPv2: A high‐value platform for the advancement of Fabaceae genomics","authors":"Zijian Yu, Tianyu Lei, Xin Yi, Ya'nan Hao, Shengdan Wu, Zejia Xiao, Jiahui Qu, Shiyu Li, Li Wang, Yuxian Li, Lan Zhang, Yuxin Pan, Yidan Wang, Lixia Gou, Yuannian Jiao, Jinpeng Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70220","url":null,"abstract":"SummaryFabaceae, as one of the most diverse angiosperm families, plays a crucial role in maintaining global ecosystems and advancing human civilization. With the rapid accumulation of legume genomes, we developed LGRPv2 (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https://fabaceae.cgrpoee.top\">https://fabaceae.cgrpoee.top</jats:ext-link>), an updated version of the Legume Genomics Research Platform. LGRPv2 integrates 413 genomes, covering all published legume genomes and containing our latest deciphered <jats:italic>Tamarindus indica</jats:italic> genome from early‐diverging legumes and three outgroup genomes (<jats:italic>Euscaphis pleiosperma, Vitis vinifera</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Platycodon tenuifolia</jats:italic>). It features user‐friendly interactive interfaces for studying functional annotations, gene duplications, regulatory proteins, N<jats:sup>6</jats:sup>‐methyladenosine modifications, and transposable elements. For easily exploring genome evolution associated with polyploidizations, we incorporated DotView, SynView, and DecoBrowse with genome synteny (GenS) to establish a central GenS database for legumes. Specialized web services for ancestral legume genomes enable scientists to analyse the role of paleogenome reshuffling in shaping genomic diversity. The platform offers 184 511 synteny‐based orthogroups and 1 086 836 genes from 139 families, and tools to explore agronomic trait origins. LGRPv2 integrates 40 550 transcriptomes, 5091 pan‐genomes, 12 136 metabolomes, species encyclopaedias, ecological resources, and literature for exploring legume genomics comprehensively. Furthermore, LGRPv2 implemented 58 window‐based operating tools (31 new) to efficiently support new mining, especially in advancing assembling pipelines for polyploidization identification, ancestral genome reconstruction, and gene family evolution. Finally, we provided detailed usage guides and community support to empower LGRPv2 with user‐friendly and continuously updated features.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gwen Swinnen, Eléonore Lizé, Miguel Loera Sánchez, Stéphanie Stolz, Sebastian Soyk
{"title":"Application of a GRF-GIF chimera enhances plant regeneration for genome editing in tomato.","authors":"Gwen Swinnen, Eléonore Lizé, Miguel Loera Sánchez, Stéphanie Stolz, Sebastian Soyk","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pbi.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome editing has become a routine tool for functionally characterizing plant and animal genomes. However, stable genome editing in plants remains limited by the time- and labour-intensive process of generating transgenic plants, as well as by the efficient isolation of desired heritable edits. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the morphogenic regulator GRF-GIF on plant regeneration and genome editing outcomes in tomato. We demonstrate that expressing a tomato GRF-GIF chimera reliably accelerates the onset of shoot regeneration from callus tissue culture by approximately one month and nearly doubles the number of recovered transgenic plants. Consequently, the GRF-GIF chimera enables the recovery of a broader range of edited haplotypes and simplifies the isolation of mutants harbouring heritable edits, but without markedly interfering with plant growth and development. Based on these findings, we outline strategies that employ basic or advanced diagnostic pipelines for efficient isolation of single- and higher-order mutants in tomato. Our work represents a technical advantage for tomato transformation and genome editing, with potential applications across other Solanaceae species.</p>","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Lobato‐Gómez, Markus Laurel, Marta Vázquez‐Vilar, José L. Rambla, Diego Orzáez, Heiko Rischer, Antonio Granell
{"title":"Novel plant cell suspension platforms for saffron apocarotenoid production and its impact on carotenoid and volatile profiles","authors":"Maria Lobato‐Gómez, Markus Laurel, Marta Vázquez‐Vilar, José L. Rambla, Diego Orzáez, Heiko Rischer, Antonio Granell","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70153","url":null,"abstract":"SummarySaffron apocarotenoids, including crocins, picrocrocin and safranal, are valuable metabolites with pharmaceutical and cosmetic potential. However, their natural plant sources are difficult to cultivate, which limits large‐scale production. The identification of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), which catalyse the first and most critical step in their biosynthesis, has enabled the production of these apocarotenoids in heterologous plant systems. In this study, we aimed to generate plant cell suspensions expressing <jats:italic>Crocus sativus</jats:italic> CCD2 and <jats:italic>Gardenia jasminoides CCD4a</jats:italic>, along with a bacterial phytoene synthase to enhance carotenoid biosynthesis and <jats:italic>CsUGT93P1</jats:italic>, which improves crocin stability. Transgenic cell suspensions were established from <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</jats:italic> plants and <jats:italic>Nicotiana tabacum</jats:italic> cv. BY‐2 cells. In BY‐2 cells expressing <jats:italic>GjCCD4a</jats:italic>, crocin accumulation reached 770 μg/g DW, which further increased upon methyl jasmonate elicitation. Remarkably, the BY‐2 transgenic cells exhibited an 18,000‐fold increase in β‐cyclocitral content compared to wild‐type cells. The best‐performing <jats:italic>N. benthamiana</jats:italic> and BY‐2 lines were successfully cultivated in wave bioreactors, demonstrating their potential for saffron apocarotenoid production. In the BY‐2 bioreactor, apart from saffron apocarotenoids, phytoene and notably high amounts of lycopene were produced, adding value to the platform and indicating a remodelling of the carotenoid pathway. This study establishes the viability and lays the foundation for the scalable production of saffron apocarotenoids and carotenoids in plant cell suspensions.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A visual monitoring DNA-free multi-gene editing system excised via LoxP::FRT/FLP in poplar","authors":"Ruqian Wu, Yinghui Chai, Ying Li, Tingting Chen, Wanxin Qi, Yinxuan Xue, Hailin Lu, Zhong Chen, Bin Guo, Shanwen Li, Debin Qin, Xinmin An","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70219","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as a potent molecular scalpel for precise genome editing, and profoundly revolutionized plant genetics and breeding, facilitating the development of innovative and improved plant varieties. Typically, the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing construct is delivered into target organisms via <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation or biolistic methods. However, the incorporation of the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery increases the risk of off-target effects, causing unintended genomic alterations. Additionally, the introduction of exogenous DNA sequences, such as antibiotic resistance marker, raises public concerns regarding the biosafety and regulatory oversight of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), potentially hindering regulatory approval and commercialization. Here, we have engineered an integrated system comprising RUBY, LoxP::FRT/FLP and CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA cassettes within a single construct, allowing visible color monitoring throughout process including genetic transform, positive transgenic and edited events screening, as well as exogenous DNA excision events, we refer to it as ‘a visual monitoring DNA-free multi-gene editing system (VMDFGE)’. This system was introduced into poplar through <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation, yielding transgenic poplars with a 75.0% visual screening rate, a 45.8% targeted mutation rate and a 54.5% excision rate for the entire integration system. This approach eliminates the concerns associated with off-target effects and GMO regulatory challenges. It offers significant potential for improvement of poplar, other woody plants and crop species while removing the foreign DNA.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) for functional genomics and accelerated genetic improvement","authors":"Hemant Kumar Yadav, Neha Singh, Babita Singh, Vikender Kaur, Samir V. Sawant","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70183","url":null,"abstract":"Linseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.), a member of the Linaceae family, is a versatile crop valued for its oil, fibre, nutritional and medicinal applications. Recognized as a superfood, linseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acid (~55%), lignans, high-quality proteins, dietary fibre and bioactive secondary metabolites. Previously published genome assemblies of linseed are quite fragmented and non-contiguous. In this study, we present a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Indian linseed variety T397 using advanced sequencing approaches. The assembly comprises ~595 Mb of genomic sequences, with a scaffold N50 of 32.86 Mb, spanning 15 chromosomes, including 29 telomeres and 15 centromeres. A total of 34 572 protein-encoding genes were predicted with an average length of 2980.7 bp and an average of 5.0 exons per gene. Gene family analysis determines a considerable number of unique genes in linseed and its close relationship with <i>Manihot esculenta</i> and <i>Ricinus communis.</i> The higher expression of oleosin and FAD3 genes in linseed highlights their roles in oil accumulation and enrichment for omega-3 fatty acid. The metabolites found in the seeds were enriched for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Various potential key structural genes and transcription factors that regulate oil metabolism especially unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis has been identified. Overall, the present study provides the potential genomic resources for accelerated genetic studies and improvement of linseed.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A module with multiple transcription factors positively regulates powdery mildew resistance in grapevine.","authors":"Xiuming Zhang,Qihan Zhang,Yanxun Zhu,Yichu Zhang,Xiaoxiao Yan,Chunlei Guo,Min Gao,Zhi Li,Yijie Zhao,Hua Lu,Xiping Wang","doi":"10.1111/pbi.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.70196","url":null,"abstract":"Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew (PM), is a fungal pathogen that can severely reduce crop yields. In this study, stable overexpression and silencing demonstrated that the transcription factor VqWRKY46 was identified as a positive regulator of PM resistance in grapevine. This enhanced resistance was associated with increased callose deposition and hypersensitive response cell death. We also demonstrated that VqLIMYB specifically activated VqWRKY46 expression by binding to a CAGTTA motif in its promoter. Moreover, VqWRKY46 interacted with VqNF-YC9 and formed homodimers, positively regulating VqNF-YC9 expression by directly binding to three W-box motifs in its promoter. Additionally, DAP-Seq analysis identified VqDSC1, a TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein, as a downstream target of VqWRKY46 in grapevine. Further analysis indicated that VqWRKY46 directly bound to Wbox1 in the VqDSC1 promoter to upregulate its expression, whereas VqNF-YC9 did not bind. Interestingly, the interaction between VqNF-YC9 and VqWRKY46 enhanced the DNA binding activity of VqWRKY46 to promote the expression of VqDSC1. Furthermore, overexpressing VqLIMYB, VqNF-YC9, and VqDSC1 in Arabidopsis and/or instantaneous transformation in grapes showed that they are positive regulators of PM resistance. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel regulatory module (VqLIMYB-VqWRKY46/VqNF-YC9-VqDSC1) that mediates grapevine resistance to E. necator. This study provides new insights into the molecular basis of grapevine resistance to PM and highlights potential targets for breeding disease-resistant grapevines.","PeriodicalId":221,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}