{"title":"Rocky and Adonis: Sport Film, Masculinity, Ideology","authors":"Soo Yeon Kim","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.159","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Rocky films, the most successful sport film franchise in the world, and the Creed films, the equally successful reboot of the Rocky universe first released in 2015. While prior criticism focuses on the Rocky films’ dated narrative of white working-class masculinity in favor of the updated racial and gender diversity of the Creed films, my article highlights the former’ enduring achievements, as well as the latter’s process of “remasculinization” despite the surface inclusiveness. The first section surveys the key issues of sport studies, (sport) film studies, and masculinity studies, in relation to the term “ideology.” The second section looks at the “negative dialectics” of ideology and utopia portrayed in the Rocky films, and reads the representation of masculinity in these films from the perspective of “post-masculinity.” Drawing upon the theme of “crisis of white masculinity” which has been ardently adopted by American literary and film texts since the 1950s, the last section argues that the Creed films create an extended Black version of this theme in a way similar to Fight Club.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Illusion of “pure-blood” and the Rise of Mixed-Race: Focusing on Kim Nae-sung's Typhoon and Ando Sakan's Pirate Story: Karma of the South Seas","authors":"Hye-young Jung","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.109","url":null,"abstract":"The term “mixed race” is not currently used in South Korea. In Japan, Asahi Shimbun decided in January 2004 to avoid using the term “mixed-race child”. This is because “mixed race” is a term that sets boundaries between humans and otherizes them, and is not appropriate in this era of increasing globalization. The term “mixed race” first appeared in Korea during the colonial period, particularly around 1940. In this study, we will examine the reason and meaning behind the full-fledged emergence of the term “mixed race” in two novels that feature mixed-race children: “Typhoon” (1943) by Kane Raise and “Pirate Story of the South Seas” by Ando Sakan. (1939). Around 1940, there was a serious debate going on in Japan about “maintaining the purity of the race”, and Kim Nae-sung's “Typhoon” and Ahn Tou-hee's “Inferno in the South Sea” were very relevant to this era. It was a novel created in which the main character was a mixed-race man who aimed to build a mixed-race empire in this atmosphere. The exploration of the “mixed-race people” that appear in these two novels has an important meaning in investigating the substance of the pure-blood ideology that was spread by the Japanese Empire during the colonial period. In addition, the conclusions of these two novels are worth noting in order to clearly understand the origins of racial prejudice and discriminatory perceptions that still persist today.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Takiji Kobayashi's Rural Novels","authors":"Bongmo Hwang","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.89","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the lives of peasants in Hokkaido through Kobayashi Takiji's rural novels. Even in the new Hokkaido, life was difficult for the peasants, and the shadow of war loomed over them. As the peasants suffered from exploitation by landowners, they were terrified of war. Through a series of rural novels, from “The Snow Forest” to “The Absent Landowner” and from “The Absent Landowner” to “The Village at the Edge of the Swamp”, Takiji depicted the rural areas being eroded by Japanese capitalism. In “The Snow Forest” he describes the work of individuals, in “The Absent Landowner” he creates farmers' organizations, and in “The Village at the Edge of the Swamp”, he describes the rural areas being dragged into the war. In short, “The Village at the Edge of the Swamp” shows an anti-war consciousness.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poetic Diction of Izumishikibu: Focusing on the Food Names","authors":"Sunsook Ro","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the food names used in Izumishikibu Waka. Izumishikibu was a poetess who was active in Japan in the 11th century. It is very difficult to find scenes of eating food in literary works at that time. In the background, it was recognized that depicting a meal scene was far from the trend of the times when aesthetic sense was important. The reason is that he recognized that depicting meal scenes was far from the trend of the times when aesthetic sense was emphasized. Exceptions are made when food has meaning as a formal ritual, but these usages are concentrated on essays and monogatari. However, Izumishikibu is unique because it has written poems that include the name of the food. In this study, it was confirmed that Izumishikibu's aspect as a lyricist was expressed even in waka with common food names, and I tried to understand one side of Izumishikibu waka's characteristics through food names.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Writing poetry, poet's mindset, boldness, superiority, longing for heavenly blessings","authors":"Woo Young Lim","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.131","url":null,"abstract":"In Goethe's 『West-östlicher Divan』(1819), 「Derb und Tüchtig」 and 「Dreistigkeit」 tell the poet's attitude in writing poetry. In 「Übermacht, ihr könnt es spüren」, the poet's 'superiority' is compared to that of a monarch, and in 「Selige Sehnsucht」, the poet's attitude of writing poetry at the risk of death is emphasized. In these poem, “strength,” “boldness,” “excellence,” and the poet’s mindset of risking death are emphasized in the poet’s general artistic act of “poetry writing.” The poet's boldness, superiority and even “arrogance” that appear in the “West-Eastern Divan” seem to have arisen from the feeling of liberation and confidence that Goethe felt when he traveled to Frankfurt (in July 1814) after the Napoleonic Wars. He went through a dark period during the Wars and so read Hafis' poetry and wrote Eastern-style poetry to shake off all the pressure around him via his “confidence/boldness” and “arrogance” as a poet. His decision dicision to write poetry in the Eastern style for the first time in the history of Western literature can be said to be Goethe’s “warning and commandment” about “writing poetry.”","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spinoza’s Ethical Practice in All the Light We Cannot See","authors":"Junghye Sung","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.183","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis seeks an ethical way to advance towards the love of eternal and infinite things that Spinoza pursued in All the Light We Cannot See, an American novel published by Anthony Doerr in 2014 and awarded the Pulitzer Prize in the following year. It is an attempt to examine Spinoza's Conatus as an individual's effort to maintain and sustain life, and that Conatus inevitably includes desire. However, Spinoza sees life pursuing this desire as something that can restrain life and give suffering, but the effort to achieve the third perception leads human beings find bliss, which is the final path to freedom. This paper examines the main character‘s choices and efforts to continue his life, and try to find out whether they have entered the path of freedom in the Spinozist sense. The first section briefly examines how Spinoza explained Conatus and the road to bliss. Werner's Conatus is examined in the second section, and how he perceives three different perceptions Spinoza distinguished in the third section. And in the last section, it will look at how Werner's perception of God's intellectual love is embodied.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Psychological Study on the ‘Comic of the Naive’: Focusing on Lenz’s So zärtlich war Suleyken","authors":"Hyunkyung Jeong","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.09","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the psychological pleasure provided by the ‘comic of the naive (Das Naiv-Komische)’, focusing on Siegfried Lenz’s 『So zärtlich war Suleyken』. Through the theories of Freud and Lipps, I determine the place that ‘the naive’ occupies in laughter theory and its meaning. Lipps treats ‘the naive’ as a type of the comic and analyzes in depth the ‘comic contrast’ in which the naiv words and actions break down our psychological expectations. Freud also analyzes the ‘comic of the naive’ from the perspective of saving the energy needed to follow the reality principle. This characteristic of the ‘comic of the naive’ is similar to humor and wit. It is the contrast and play between meaninglessness and meaning, and the psychological liberation that arises from this. The naive words and actions of the People in Suleyken, who transcend concepts and common sense but are naive and full of self-affirmation and pride, give us the laughter of liberation.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"48 61","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Fine Writing Style of Kim Hoon’s Essay","authors":"Mee Young Kim","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Kim Hoon's process of discovering landscapes through beautiful sentences using Karatani Kojin's theory, analyzes his method of composing beautiful sentences, and compares the ecological imagination, which is the foundation of his essays, to Lee Deok-mu's ecological writing and Heidegger's deep ecologicalism. Kim goes back and forth between the inside and outside of the landscape through beautiful sentences, blending his inner self. He uses sensuous short sentence processing, boldly connecting things that are not connected in the real world in sentences, using parallelism, and mixing and describing things that do not mix in the world of language. It makes a beautiful sentences. In his essays, nature is a space and time that projects the inner self, or a source of new sentences. But, in Lee Deok-mu's short essays, nature (ecology) is a source of lessons to humans. Kim Hoon's ecological consciousness is close to Heidegger's deep ecology, but as a writer, he uses it as a foundation for his writings.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Literary and Writer’s Theory of François Mauriac","authors":"Mose Kim","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.92.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.92.61","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to summarize the literary world of François Mauriac, through his writer’s theory. Mauriac’s literary theory, who was an advocate of traditional novels, especially Christian literature, is widely known to be in an opposing position to so-called existentialist literature and postmodern literature. However, combining Mauriac’s works and the ideas he mentioned in many places, it can be seen that his literature rather shows the possibility of literature after the postmodern era. In Mauriac’s literature, the author is in a variety of positions indeed. Sometimes the author claims to be the absolute owner and subject of the work. It takes the place of a creator in the ‘ontologico-théologique’ dimension that Roland Barthes spoke of. However, in some cases, the author retreats to the position of a minor actor standing at the end of the stage of literature. Sometimes the author grasps all of the characters’ intentions from an omniscient perspective and leads the fate of the characters, but sometimes gives up his intentions and direction in the face of the resistance of free-spirited characters. Sometimes the author seems to have absolute authority in determining the meaning of the work, but at every moment, he feels that the work and characters are separated from him and that the author himself has no choice but to disappear. Through this, in Mauriac’s literary theory, the concept of an ‘author’ with absolute authority as a creator, a free character who constantly resists the will of the ‘author’, and furthermore, a place for a reader who functions as a final stage in interpreting and determining the meaning of the work are all provided.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Shapes of the Narrator in Dostoevksy’s Notes from a Dead House: Focusing on Movement of Electron and Uncertainty","authors":"Youngseo Lee","doi":"10.22344/fls.2023.91.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.91.09","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Dostoevsky's poetry and philosophy of ‘redemption’ are interconnected by analyzing the narrator in Notes from a Dead House. Goryanchkov is the most complex narrator among Dostoyevsky’s works, which becomes further complicated through the novel’s “Introduction”. Based on this, this paper adapts the concepts of quantum mechanics to the context of a novel. Goryanchkov does not seem to have mobility. Instead, he has the ‘movement of electron’ and the changes he goes through are only made possible through the reader’s eyes. This movement has an ‘uncertainty’ and makes readers impossible to understand the narrator. Therefore, it makes redemption unattainable for the readers and does not completely eliminate its possibility. In addition, movement and uncertainty become sophisticated narratives devices in “Introduction” proving that Notes from a Dead House is not a report or a documentary, but a novel that integrates the author’s poetry and philosophy.","PeriodicalId":221681,"journal":{"name":"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115607567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}