Biotechnology and Bioprocessing最新文献

{"title":"Re – print- An Adjunct Treatment Reverses Chronic Insulin-dependent (Type 1) Diabetes in a Teenager","authors":"S. Yap","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/061","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, more than 30 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) characterized by pancreas producing little or no insulin hormone to facilitate glucose entering cells for energy production. T1DM patients tend to suffer a higher overall rate of atherosclerosis, cancer, and end-stage renal failure. No drug or surgical therapy seems to halt its annual upward trend amongst children and young adults. Consequently, a significant number of sufferers turn to complementary or alternative therapies for help to arrest this chronic endocrine condition. This paper discusses how a well-designed evidence-based dietary and nutritional therapy with some lifestyle modifications might offer a solution for this highly complex autoimmune disorder. The treatment outcome demonstrated a partial regeneration of pancreatic islet beta cells with substantial improvement for all relevant serum and urine markers tested.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115200625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an Ethanol Utilization Pathway based NADH Regeneration System in Escherichia coli","authors":"Wenfa Ng","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/059","url":null,"abstract":"Interests remain in searching for cofactor regeneration system with higher efficiency at lower substrate cost. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) system has been dominant in NADH regeneration, but it only has a theoretical yield of one NADH per glucose molecule. This work sought to explore the utility of a two-step ethanol utilization pathway (EUP) in pathway-based NADH regeneration. The pathway runs from ethanol to acetaldehyde and to acetyl-CoA with each step generating one NADH, that together results in a higher theoretical yield of two NADH per ethanol molecule. In this project, anaerobic biotransformation of ketone (acetophenone or butanone) to alcohol by cpsADH from Candida parapsilosis was used as readout for evaluating relative efficacy and operating modes for EUP cofactor regeneration in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Experiment tests validated that EUP was more efficient than GDH in NADH regeneration. Further, growing cell delivered higher biotransformation efficiency compared to resting cell due to the driving force generated by cell growth. Finally, preculture or cultivation in M9 + 10 g/L ethanol medium delivered higher biotransformation efficiency compared to LB medium. Overall, EUP could help regenerate NADH in support of a biocatalytic reaction, and is more efficient in cofactor regeneration than GDH.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121425891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Evaluation of Pyrrolo [3, 2-d] pyrimidine Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents against Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Maryam Kouhkan, Ramin Javahershenas, J. Khalafy","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pyrimidine molecules' biological and chemotherapeutic importance in the medicinal world has been overlooked in many reports. We have previously synthesized new series of pyrrolo [3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives (4a-4f) and here, we evaluate the antibacterial activity of these derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria. Materials and Methods: The agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods were used for determining inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration during preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel 2010 was based on three independent experiments and the results were expressed as mean. Results: Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the antibacterial potential of the six novel synthetic pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine compounds.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125343214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Foot and Mouth Disease in Yak and Cattle herds of Rasuwa District due to Climate Change","authors":"Deepak Dorje Tamang","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/051","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of Climate Change, the paper spotlights the importance of managing the high-altitude range land management in Nepal’s northern Rasuwa district bordering the Tibetan plateau. It points to the important fact that policies and strategies need to be inclusive and intersectional with gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) as a vital principle of good governance. Such policies, inclusive governance and support to vulnerable transhumance herders will enhance adequate grass and fodder for yak, chauri, sheep and cattle and at the same time provide veterinary support leading to improved livelihoods for the entire communities. Yak herding is carried out by Tamang transhumance community and in the age of climate change; pasture management together with extension support from local government, is critical to provide additional income to the local communities. The paper examines risk factor, i.e., foot and mouth disease (FMD) and vital nutrient requirements in terms of good quality grass fodder. It also examines the role of customary headman called the “Chogo” who collectively with his “local counsel” facilitate, wise use of the region’s natural resources, i.e., water, irrigation, forest, agriculture and above all pasture land and mediates local conflicts.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128594475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitin – A Structural Polysaccharide for Health and Environmental Alimentation","authors":"M. Azizur Rahman, Nabidur Rahman, S. Shakil, S. Hossain","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/056","url":null,"abstract":"Ever increasing physiological and environmental abnormalities warrant natural, safe, easy to extract, less expensive and eco-friendly bio-components of versatile usage. Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in the world, seems promising in fighting diseases, boosting immunity up and maintaining environment fresh. Chitin is a polysaccharide of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine forms the exoskeletons of arthropods, mollusks and insects, cell walls of fungi and scales of fishes. Based on extraction, purification and integration enhancement, chitin could be of greater importance for the maintenance of human health, agriculture and environment. Present article compares and contrasts the methods utilized for extraction and purification of chitin from different sources and review its current fields and suggest the future aspects.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134272410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Deficit and Corrective Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: A case-control study","authors":"Lizaveta I. Bon, Maksimovich N.Yе.","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/050","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: It was to assess vasoprotective effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cerebral ischemia. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on 42 male outbred white rats weighing 260 ± 20 g. modeling of cerebral ischemia was carried out under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg / kg). The studies used models of subtotal, partial and stepwise subtotal cerebral ischemia. The table shows the experimental groups and the number of animals in them. Subtotal cerebral ischemia (SCI) was modeled by simultaneous ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). Partial cerebral ischemia (PCI) was modeled by ligating one CCA on the right. Stepwise subtotal CI (SSCI) was performed by sequential ligation of both CCA with an interval of 1 day (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2), or 7 days (subgroup 3). To study the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), animals with CI were injected intragastrically with the drug \"Omegamed\" (SCI+ω-3 PUFA) at a dose of 5 g / kg body weight for a week. The control group consisted of sham-operated rats of the same sex and weight. Neurological deficits were assessed in the \"muscle strength\", \"swimming test\" and \"open field\" tests after 5-6 hours of the ischemic period. The study was carried out 6 hours after the simulation of the CI. Quantitative continuous data were obtained, which were processed using the licensed computer program Statistica 10.0 for Windows (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Since the experiment used small samples that had an abnormal distribution, the analysis was carried out by methods of nonparametric statistics. Data are presented as Me (LQ; UQ), where Me is the median, LQ is the value of the lower quartile; UQ is the upper quartile value. Differences between groups were considered significant at p <0.05 (Regression Model). Results: With a stepwise bilateral ligation of both common carotid arteries with an interval of 1 day, neurological disorders were most pronounced, which indicates an aggravation of neurological deficit with a reduction in the time between CCA dressings. In rats with SCI, the changes were more pronounced than with PCI, but less than with SCI. The least pronounced changes were noted in the 3rd subgroup (the interval between CCA dressings was 7 days). Studies have shown the dependence of the severity of brain damage in SSCI on the interval between the cessation of blood flow in both CCA. At a 7-day interval between CCA dressings, compensatory mechanisms were activated, which prevented the development of morphological changes and neurological deficits. When CCA was ligated with an interval of 1 day, the degree of neurological deficit was maximal, which indicates insufficient implementation of compensatory mechanisms. Compared with the control group, the rats of the \"SCI+ω3-PUFA\" group retained neurological deficit, the muscle strength indicator was 86% less (p<0.05), the swimming duration - by 63% (p<0.05), the number of crossed squares - b","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary inclusion of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Garlic (Allium sativum) oil Mixture on the Growth Performance and Caecal Microbial Population of Broiler Chickens","authors":"A. J.O, Oluwafemi R.A, H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/052","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to determine effect of dietary inclusion of (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) oil mixture (GIGM) on the growth performance and caecal microbial population of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 5 treatments with three replicates consisting of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds in treatment 1 (T1) was fed basal diet with 0 % inclusion of GIGM while T2, T3, T4 and T5 were given 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % respectively. Clean feed and water were offered ad libitum and all other management practices were strictly observed throughout the experiment which lasted for 56 days. Results obtained were used to determine weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), total feed intake (TFI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and microbial population of E.coli, Salmonella spp and Lactobacillus spp. ADWG, ADFI and FCR were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) influenced by the dietary inclusion of GIGM. ADWG were highest in T5 (47.80 g), T4 (45.75 g) and T3 (45.09 g), intermediate in T2 (39.59 g) and lowest in T1 (30.72 g). Lactobacillus spp increased as the level of dietary inclusion of GIGM increases (P ˂ 0.05). E.coli and Salmonella spp counts were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) different among the treatments. It was concluded that GIGM could be included in the diet of broilers up to 0.4 % without causing any deleterious effect on the performance and health of birds.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126708693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niosome Encapsulated Bromelain Reduced IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS Induced Human Skin Fibroblast Cell Line","authors":"Siavash Hosseinpour Chermahini, F. A. Abdul Majid, A. Aziz, Roya Anvari","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/044","url":null,"abstract":"The topical delivery of bromelain as an anti-inflammatory solution for skin inflammation has attracted the attention of researchers. Due to the skin barrier issue, a new method was designed for the effective delivery of specific doses of bromelain to the desired action sites. A niosome was selected as a novel and practical transdermal vehicle for the delivery of bromelain to inflamed sites. In this regard, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human skin fibroblast (HSF1184) cell line was assembled in-vitro as a simulated model. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the two immune-modulatory regulators of cell responses to inflammation, were measured to determine the response towards the niosome-encapsulated bromelain treatment. The results showed that the niosome-encapsulated bromelain significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the non-encapsulated bromelain, the vehicle (niosome) and the control.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115379873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histology of Microspores of Chile Apple Capsicum pubescens R and P. and in vitro Culture","authors":"J. Rodríguez-de la O, F. Pérez-Pérez, M. Pérez-Grajales","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/047","url":null,"abstract":"In plant biotechnology, in vitro culture of gametic or sexual cells, microspores or pollen grains, has been described as a successful tool to accelerate genetic improvement, obtaining haploid, homozygotic plants or pure lines in a short time. In chile apple, Capsicum pubescens R and P. Anthers were sown in vitro, and their cytological analysis, locating the meiotic division stage of microspores or pollen grains. Flower buds with diameters from 2.5 to 4.4 mm were pre-incubated at 4°C, in ascorbic and citric acid at 100 and 150 mg-L-1 for 24 h. Five semisolid culture media (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) were used, with Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts (MS), modifying iron and vitamin chelates, sucrose, and L-cysteine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin (Kin). Anthers, in vitro, were plated, in light and dark, for 70 days. Two differentiation media (R1 and R2) were evaluated with 100% MS salts, glycine, kinetin and myo-inositol. The anthers seeded, coincided with the first mitosis of the microspore, the anthers, formed callus in the media (A1) 100 % EDTA-Fe, 0.40 mg-L-1 thiamine, 3 % sucrose) and (A3) 100 % EDTA-Fe, 0.40 mg-L-1 thiamine, 3 % sucrose, 0. 3 mg-L-1 of 2,4-D, and differentiated pro-embryonic structures in (A3) and (A5) 200 % EDTA-Fe, 0.4 mg-L-1 thiamine, 50 mg-L-1 pyridoxine, folic acid, riboflavin and niacin, 0.3 mg-L-1 2,4-D plus 0.3 mg-L-1 Kinetin, as well as roots in (A1). Light influenced the formation of pro-embryos and roots, in the dark callus. The media (R1) and (R2) favored the formation of pro-embryos.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124748584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory Factors in COVID-19 Patients in the Sabratha Isolation Center, Western Libya","authors":"A. Azab, J. Jbireal, S. Alzahani, Rabia A. M. Yahya","doi":"10.31579/2766-2314/053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/053","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic causing significant mortality and morbidity and implementation of strict isolation measures. Serological testing can diagnose illness by detecting antibodies (IgM and IgG). Testing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is rapid and sensitive for the auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19. The serum levels of CRP, D-dimers, and ferritin, which may be used in risk stratification to predict severe and fatal COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the variations in COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory factors in COVID-19 Patients in Sabratha isolation center, Western Libya. Subjects and Methods: Sixty Confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Isolation Centre located in Sabratha city, Libya from the 2nd October 2020 to the 2nd June 2021, were enrolled in this prospective study. Covid-19 patients were defined as positive cases after the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oro-nasopharyngeal swab samples. Data collected included demographic, clinical, and biological factors. Also, 30 healthy individuals without any chronic disease or respiratory symptoms were recruited for the control group. Blood samples were collected by vein puncture 5 ml of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant in the study by using disposable syringes under the aseptic technique; they were then transferred to a sterile tube for estimating biochemical parameters. Biochemical parameters were determined using automated COBAS E411 and INTEGRA 400 machines in the Sabratha Isolation Centre laboratory. The statistical significance of differences between groups was evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had a significant (P<0.0001) increase in IgM levels at 0 day, 14 days, and 21 days, respectively compared with the healthy individuals. Also, IgG levels were showed a gradual significantly (P<0.0001) increase during COVID-19 Virus Infection among COVID-19 patients at 0 day, 14 days, and 21 days compared with the controls. In addition, coronavirus infection caused a significant (P<0.0001) increase in D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels compared with the healthy control individuals. Conclusion: It can be concluded that coronavirus infection caused a significant increase in IgM, IgG, D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels at different periods compared to the controls. Further studies are needed to confirm these results. COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory factors in COVID-19 Patients These changes in IgM, IgG, D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels during COVID-19 Virus Infection among COVID-19 patients may help the clinicians to better understand the COVID-19 and provide more clinical treatment options.","PeriodicalId":220919,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Bioprocessing","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122138053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}