Variation of COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory Factors in COVID-19 Patients in the Sabratha Isolation Center, Western Libya

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic causing significant mortality and morbidity and implementation of strict isolation measures. Serological testing can diagnose illness by detecting antibodies (IgM and IgG). Testing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is rapid and sensitive for the auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19. The serum levels of CRP, D-dimers, and ferritin, which may be used in risk stratification to predict severe and fatal COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the variations in COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory factors in COVID-19 Patients in Sabratha isolation center, Western Libya. Subjects and Methods: Sixty Confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Isolation Centre located in Sabratha city, Libya from the 2nd October 2020 to the 2nd June 2021, were enrolled in this prospective study. Covid-19 patients were defined as positive cases after the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oro-nasopharyngeal swab samples. Data collected included demographic, clinical, and biological factors. Also, 30 healthy individuals without any chronic disease or respiratory symptoms were recruited for the control group. Blood samples were collected by vein puncture 5 ml of venous blood was withdrawn from each participant in the study by using disposable syringes under the aseptic technique; they were then transferred to a sterile tube for estimating biochemical parameters. Biochemical parameters were determined using automated COBAS E411 and INTEGRA 400 machines in the Sabratha Isolation Centre laboratory. The statistical significance of differences between groups was evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had a significant (P<0.0001) increase in IgM levels at 0 day, 14 days, and 21 days, respectively compared with the healthy individuals. Also, IgG levels were showed a gradual significantly (P<0.0001) increase during COVID-19 Virus Infection among COVID-19 patients at 0 day, 14 days, and 21 days compared with the controls. In addition, coronavirus infection caused a significant (P<0.0001) increase in D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels compared with the healthy control individuals. Conclusion: It can be concluded that coronavirus infection caused a significant increase in IgM, IgG, D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels at different periods compared to the controls. Further studies are needed to confirm these results. COVID-19 Specific Immunoglobulin's and Some Inflammatory factors in COVID-19 Patients These changes in IgM, IgG, D-dimer, CRP, and Ferritin levels during COVID-19 Virus Infection among COVID-19 patients may help the clinicians to better understand the COVID-19 and provide more clinical treatment options.