Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN最新文献

{"title":"ONE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS OF THE DOMAIN BOUNDARY IN A SEVEN-LAYER FERROMAGNETIC STRUCTURE","authors":"V. N. Nazarov, K. Samsonov, E. Ekomasov","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of the domain boundary is considered using the example of a seven-layer ferromagnetic structure with three thin and four wide magnetic layers. The structure of the domain boundary is represented as a kink solution of the sine-Gordon equation. The equation of motion for magnetization was solved numerically using an explicit scheme. The discretization of the equation was carried out according to a standard five-point scheme of the \"cross\" type. The paper shows the features of the dynamics of the domain boundary in a multilayer magnetic system in the presence of thin magnetic layers with an increased value of the magnetic anisotropy constant. Thin layers with an increased value of the magnetic anisotropy constant compared to the homogeneous state represent potential barriers to the moving domain boundary. Thin layers with an increased magnitude of magnetic anisotropy compared to a homogeneous state represent potential barriers to a moving domain boundary. A diagram of possible scenarios of the dynamics of the domain boundary is constructed depending on the initial velocity of its movement and the distance between three thin magnetic layers. The maximum value of the kink velocity for reflection from all potential barriers, depending on their size, is obtained. With an increase in the height and width of the barrier, the value of such a threshold maximum reflection velocity of the domain boundary increases nonlinearly. With a sufficiently high barrier height, there is already an almost linear dependence on the width of this threshold velocity. With a slight increase in the speed of movement of the domain boundary, the kink can pass through the first barrier, but it is reflected from the second barrier. There is also a case of kink oscillation between the second and third potential barriers. Such fluctuations are clearly inharmonious. The dependence of the threshold velocity on the distance between the barriers is obtained. As the distance between the barriers increases, the threshold speed value tends to a value equal to the threshold speed for one barrier. In the work, the minimum value of the speed of the domain boundary of the passage of all layers, depending on the parameters of potential barriers, is obtained. It is also found that there is a critical distance separating the dynamics of the domain boundary into two regions with qualitatively different behavior of the system.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF PIGMENTS OF THE GENUS JANTHINOBACTERIUM","authors":"P. Milman, E. A. Gilvanova, L. Kuzmina, N. F. Galimzianova","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial pigments are known among natural sources, including melanin, pyocyanin, bacteriochlorophyll, violacein, prodigiosin and carotenoids, which exhibit a variety of biological activity as antioxidants and demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiparasitic and antimicrobial properties. Isolation, research and identification of pigment-producing strains are of interest for the development of biotechnological processes aimed at industrial biosynthesis of these compounds. The antibacterial properties of blue-violet (VIO) and red (RED) pigments of new strains of bacteria IB-ST-GO and IB-ST-GOR isolated from natural waters of the Shulgan-Tash cave's vaucluse spring (Southern Urals) have been studied. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the producers of IB-ST-GO and IB-ST-GOR pigments belong to representatives of Janthinobacterium lividum with a similarity level of 99.72 and 99.86% respectively. The pigments were extracted with 96% ethanol from biomass obtained by cultivating strains on Wakimoto agar medium. According to the results of spectrophotometric analysis, it was found that the VIO pigment belongs to the violacein family, and the RED pigment belongs to the prodigiosin family. The isolated pigments were tested for antibacterial action against 8 types of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, inhibitory concentrations of both crude preparations were determined. VIO and RED pigments exhibit an inhibitory effect in the concentration range of 1.0-5.0 mg/ml for a sample of gram-positive bacteria, whereas for gram-negative bacteria, the level of inhibitory concentrations for RED is 10.0-20.0 mg/ml, and for VIO above 20.0 mg/ml. RED pigment exhibits a more dose-dependent effect and a higher selectivity towards gram-positive bacteria than VIO. Together, both pigments are strong inhibitors of the growth of grampositive bacteria, while the antimicrobial activity of both pigments against gram-negative bacteria is low.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STROKES TO THE PORTRAIT OF THE CHUVASH ETHNOGRAPHER I.G. PETROVA","authors":"F. Galieva","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-117-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-117-120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116969053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LENSE-THIRRING PRECESSION BY BLACK HOLES IN THE RANDALL-SANDRUM MODEL","authors":"G. Akhtaryanova","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-92-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-92-96","url":null,"abstract":"The description of our universe on a brane suggests a large extra dimension and a fundamental scale of gravity, which can be several orders of magnitude lower than the Planck scale. An interesting consequence of the brane world scenario is the nature of spherically symmetric vacuum solutions of the brane gravitational field equations, which can represent black holes with properties quite different from those of ordinary black holes in 4 dimensions. The paper investigates the Lense-Thirring precession by black holes in the Randall-Sandrum model caused by the frame-dragging effect. Lense-Thirring precession is a general relativistic effect that occurs when a rotating particle is displaced vertically from the equatorial axis of a rotating body in such a way that the framedragging causes oscillations around the ecliptic and periapsis. The Randall-Sandrum model assumes that our universe is a negative tension domain wall separated from the positive tension wall by an anti-de Sitter space slab. The space-time of a black hole in the Randall-Sandrum model of the \"brane world\" theory is characterized by an induced tidal charge. In particular, a generalized expression for the Lense-Thirring precession rate in the case of a strong and weak gravitational field is obtained. Further, the precession of the gyroscope in the plane θ=0 is considered, the dependence of the Lense-Thirring precession rate for a stellar-mass black hole and a supermassive black hole is shown for different values of the tidal charge β. The results of numerical simulation are presented for various values of the tidal charge and the radial coordinate.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127032236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIDAL FORCES NEAR BLACK HOLES IN A GRAVITATIONAL THEORY WITH LORENTZ SYMMETRY BREAKING","authors":"R. Zinnatullin, R. Karimov, R. Izmailov","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-38-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2023-0-1-38-41","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that the curvature of space-time is small near the event horizon of a large static black hole, and test particles can fall into it without being destroyed. However, in most cases, at a small distance from the event horizon, the curvature of the black hole can be so huge that the test particle will stretch and even collapse under the influence of tidal forces. Thus, any object that falls into black holes experiences huge tidal forces beyond the horizon. This is a result of the fact that the curvature is very large near black holes and almost zero near the horizon. When measurements are made in a static frame (which also becomes zero), the curvature components remain small. This means that all curvature invariants are small, and any perturbing corrections, such as charge, angular momentum, Ricci scalar, etc., can be neglected. However, in a freely falling frame (the reference frame of a distant asymptotic observer), the curvature components are very large. In our paper, we consider the influence of the perturbing parameter ℓ on the curvature invariants of black holes in the gravitational theory with Lorentz symmetry breaking. The results are compared with the Schwarzschild black hole solution, which can be obtained by substituting ℓ =0.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123186409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING SKILLS NEEDS IN THE LABOUR MARKET BASED ON AN AGENT-BASED APPROACH","authors":"D. Gainanov, A. Minyazev","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-101-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-101-106","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important conditions for a well-functioning and developing economy is a balanced labour force. The mismatch between the demand for labour and its supply leads to higher unemployment, lower living standards and quality of life, an expanding shadow economy and other negative consequences for the population. At the same time, the shortage of qualified labour affects the efficiency of enterprises. Socio-economic changes and crisis phenomena have a significant impact on the formation of the labour force. In the post-reform period, the quality of labour resources has declined significantly and the link between the vocational education system and production has been severed. To assess the situation on the labour market, a forecast of the labour resources balance is used. According to the methodology approved by the Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation, labour resource balance forecasts are based on expert estimates and extrapolation of data, which cannot provide the necessary reliability under changing conditions in the economy. Forecasting labour market demand in the short, medium and long term using appropriate economic and mathematical methods and models is becoming relevant. Analysis of existing forecasting models shows that most of them are based on forecasts of demography and agesex structure, extrapolating retrospective data on employment and unemployment in the labour market. At the same time, researchers in this direction pay little attention to the behavioural characteristics of economic agents and structural changes in the labour market that may occur in the digital transformation of the economy. A model based on the agent-based approach, which takes into account scenario options of economic and human resource policies, is proposed for forecasting labour demand. Applying this model, it is possible to forecast labour resources under different impact scenarios, such as demographic conditions, changes in socio-economic conditions, disappearance or emergence of new professions in the labour market and education, obtain a set of prospective strategies of agent behaviour, assess the degree of impact on labour resource formation and choose the most effective scenario of impact.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132689555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF THE FOSTER FAMILY AS A TECHNOLOGY OF LIVING SUPPORT FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"R. Sadykov","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-73-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-73-77","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses an innovative and effective form of housing for the elderly and disabled in a foster family in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The experience of organizing a foster or substitute family is developed in a number of European countries and the USA. It has been established that this technology provides an elderly person with the necessary care and living conditions, leisure activities, psychological support, and for a foster family - additional financial support, especially in conditions of declining living standards and impoverishment of the population. The creation of the institution of a foster family for the elderly as an innovative form of their life arrangement will significantly improve the quality of life of older citizens, change their “social well-being”, relieve them of the problem of loneliness, strengthen the connection between generations, and contribute to the development of the family institution. In Russia, in order to solve the problems of older people, in 2004, the project \"Foster Families for Elderly and Disabled Citizens\" was launched. The mission of this project is to organize public support, help with household chores, and provide social and psychological services to lonely needy citizens. Particular attention deserves the peculiarities of organizing foster families for the elderly and disabled in the regions of the Russian Federation. Most of the regions supported the initiative of the project and many of them have their own experience in implementing this social technology. Each subject has its own characteristics and differences in the creation of foster families for the elderly, which is associated with the presence of its own legislative framework for the implementation of this project. The Republic of Bashkortostan has its own positive experience in the implementation of the designated social program. Social services provided by stationary and semi-residential social service institutions will not be able to replace the usual home family care for the elderly. It is possible that in the future the foster family model will replace special stationary social service institutions for the elderly. The solution of social, social, psychological and other problems of the elderly requires more active participation of the potential of the family institution, a constant search for effective forms and technologies of social services.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124800948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CATALYSIS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENTS OF UFA CHEMIST A.G. IBRAGIMOV","authors":"V. Akhmetova, R. R. Khairullina","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-113-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-113-120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIONS","authors":"M.I. Skuratov, N. Pugach, E. Ekomasov, B. Lvov","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"There are many tasks solved by people that can be partially or completely automated. One of the most prom- ising tools for these purposes are artificial neural networks. Neural networks are a technology at the intersection of many disciplines: physics, mathematics, statistics, computer science and technology. They find application in a wide range of tasks, such as time series analysis, regression analysis, pattern recognition in images, etc. It is im- possible not to note an important feature of neural networks: to learn from data both with the participation of a teacher, and to go through the learning process without a teacher. This article discusses the basic terms and basic principles of the functioning of artificial neural networks. At the beginning, a mathematical model of the operation of an artificial neuron is given. The main constituent elements of an artificial neuron, such as synapses, inputs, axons, etc., are described. Some subtleties in optimization processes are generalized, and the main types of activa- tion functions are given. Examples of software implementations of neural networks are given, specific application cases are considered, their strengths are noted, as well as some limitations. Given the limitations, an alternative technology is presented: hardware implementations of artificial neural networks. A brief description of the use of neural networks in the world is given, after which the classification of hardware implementations is considered. Each class highlights the features of using such technologies, including strengths and weaknesses. At the end of the article, the question of the relevance of the problem of finding an element base for building hardware solutions in the field of artificial neural networks is raised, arguments are given in favor of the development of hardware solutions. It is shown that it is necessary to further develop the element base for the construction of artificial neu- ral networks.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125969733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOGENESIS IN VITRO IN BARLEY CALLUS: INFLUENCE OF NAPHTYLPHTHALAMIC ACID","authors":"O. Seldimirova, I. Galin","doi":"10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-26-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2022-0-4-26-31","url":null,"abstract":"Morphogenesis in vitro in barley calli of the cv. Steptoe and its ABA-deficient mutant AZ34 under the influence of an inhibitor of polar auxin transport, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), was studied by light microscopy The formation of «polymeric» embryoids (polyembryoids), characterized by the presence of multiple, often fused (fasciated) organs in varying degrees, in calli of cv. Steptoe and the formation of fasciated roots in calli of AZ34 were revealed. The distribution of IAA in calli was studied by the immunolocalization method. It was found that the most intense staining for IAA in both genotypes was found in fasciated roots. The important role of the polar transport of auxins in the regulation of plant morphogenesis in vitro has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":220280,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133279181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}