Xiaopeng Hu , Sai Liu , Qing Liu, Yang Su, Junyao Wu, Zhihang Xie, Jinwei Guo, Wang Zhu
{"title":"Effect of interface roughness on the CMAS + molten salt (Na2SO4 + NaCl + NaVO3) corrosion resistance of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings","authors":"Xiaopeng Hu , Sai Liu , Qing Liu, Yang Su, Junyao Wu, Zhihang Xie, Jinwei Guo, Wang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The service life of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in calcium magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) and molten salt environments has become a key factor in determining engine reliability and safety. The effect of interface roughness (bond coating surface roughness) on the CM (CMAS + molten salt (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + NaCl + NaVO<sub>3</sub>)) corrosion resistance of electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) TBCs is investigated. The addition of molten salts lowers the melting point of CM, leading to more severe destructive effects compared to single CMAS corrosion. Moreover, the 1200# specimen (Ra = 2.0 μm) exhibits the best resistance to CM corrosion. The adjustment of interface roughness significantly alters the microstructure of the top-ceramic coating and induces changes in crack patterns after CM corrosion. Therefore, appropriately reducing interface roughness is key to improving the isothermal CM corrosion resistance and high-temperature CM corrosion-induced thermal shock performance of TBCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132026"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangtai Zhang , Weijun Liu , Hongyou Bian , Wenchao Xi , Yijie Zao , Kai Zhang , Huiru Wang
{"title":"Influence mechanisms of Y2O3 addition on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser-cladded T-800 + Si coatings on DD5 substrates","authors":"Guangtai Zhang , Weijun Liu , Hongyou Bian , Wenchao Xi , Yijie Zao , Kai Zhang , Huiru Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of adding varying contents (0, 1, and 2 wt%) of micron-sized Y₂O₃ particles on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser-cladded T-800 + Si coatings. Through BSE, EDS, EBSD, microhardness tests, and wear resistance evaluations, the influence mechanisms of Y₂O₃ addition on the precipitation behavior of Laves phases and secondary phases, grain growth, dislocation distribution, microhardness, and wear resistance were systematically elucidated. The optimal Y₂O₃ addition content was determined. The results show that with 1 wt% Y₂O₃ addition, grain refinement is most pronounced, reducing the average grain size by 12.17 % to 4.34 μm compared to the coating without Y₂O₃ (4.93 μm). The moderate Laves phase content (55.1 %) and the formation of Y₅Si₃ secondary phase particles were observed. The average KAM value increased to 0.40° with a more uniform distribution. These features, combined with grain refinement, Laves phase, Y₅Si₃ precipitation, and dislocation strengthening, resulted in the highest average microhardness (803.4 HV<sub>0.5</sub>), a 10.19 % increase compared to the coating without Y₂O₃ (729.1 HV<sub>0.5</sub>). Additionally, the dense oxide film contributed to superior wear resistance, with the wear volume loss and wear rate reduced by 34.98 %. At 2 wt% Y₂O₃, despite higher Laves phase content (67.5 %) and KAM value (0.75°), grain coarsening (4.84 μm) due to Ostwald ripening and rare-earth polarization effects weakened the strengthening mechanisms, reducing microhardness to 764.9 HV<sub>0.5</sub>. The discontinuous oxide film further compromised wear resistance, though it remained better than the coating without Y₂O₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132025"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deriving of process signature correlation on measurable material loading for process optimization: A case study of thermal spray of cemented carbide coatings","authors":"J.R. Yuan, X.P. Zhu, M.K. Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multiple process parameters of a product coupled with materials of design have a profound influence on its performance. To enable a practical knowledge-based method of process optimization, process signature is explored with respect to surface integrity as a pivot in the material-product-process linking, as represented by thermal spraying of WC-Ni coatings for coated products utilizing the online measurable material loading, i.e. the in-flight particle temperature and velocity. The process signature correlations, from multiple process parameters of oxygen/fuel flow rates and spray distance to multiple surface integrity parameters of coating microstructures and mechanical properties, are explored in two steps via the measurable material loading. A process-dependent correlation from process parameters to the particle temperature and velocity of in-flight particles in spray flame is firstly established by identifying a characteristic process quantity of fuel/oxygen ratio that mainly controls the flame temperature, and a characteristic processing load of combustion pressure that controls the flame flow velocity. Subsequently, a partially process-independent correlation coupled with spray distance effect is derived from the particle deposition temperature/velocity to the coating microstructures and mechanical properties. Finally, a process-independent correlation is derived as the thermal and kinetic energies of coating formation correlating to the surface integrity parameters by thermodynamic analysis with incorporated spray distance effect. The study provides a feasible methodology of process signature derivation for practical implementation in process optimization and control for advanced manufacturing development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132020"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing correlations between ion concentration, temperature and pH: A novel strategy to improve the corrosion resistance of electroless NiP plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy","authors":"Qi Xu, Peng Zhou, Tao Zhang, Fuhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the optimization methods for electroless nickel plating solutions are based on practical experience in production. This work reports a novel indicator for guiding the optimization of electroless plating baths, NiPT/pH (<span><math><mo>lg</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><msup><mi>Ni</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>0.3</mn><mo>∗</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msubsup><mi>PO</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced><mo>∗</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow><mi>pH</mi></mfrac></mfenced></math></span>). Compared to conventional models that solely regulate the deposition rate, the NiPT/pH system demonstrates significant advancements by elucidating the influences of various factors on the deposition process from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, while simultaneously offering a more streamlined and efficient modeling approach. The SEM analysis indicated that the compactness of the Ni-P coatings increased with the increase of NiPT/pH. The electrochemical measurements confirm the enhanced corrosion resistance of the optimized coatings. The main contribution of this work is the proposition of a model that takes into account various parameters for the design and estimation of the performance of electroless nickel plating bath, which also facilitate the application of such a process to the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"504 ","pages":"Article 132023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser cladding-spraying fabrication of Al/Ni/WC@SMP-MoS2 composite coating with enhanced anti-corrosion and self-lubricating property","authors":"Guangliang Zhang, Zhichao Ren, Jinlei Hu, Yuanyuan Hou, Hongyu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum alloy has many advantages and is widely used in aviation, automobile industry, machinery and other fields. However, it has the problems of low hardness, poor wear resistance and low melting point, which makes it have certain limitations in application. In this study, the morphology and properties of Al/Ni/WC cladding layer prepared by laser cladding and Al/Ni/WC @ SMP-MoS<sub>2</sub> self-lubricating and anti-wear composite coating prepared by laser cladding / spraying organic silane sol adhesive (SMP) and MoS<sub>2</sub> were tested and analyzed. The WC content increased from 4 % to 16 %, and the surface hardness of the cladding layer increased from 1031.7 HV<sub>2</sub> to 1099.7 HV<sub>2</sub>, which is about 7 times that of the matrix. The average friction coefficient of Al/Ni/WC cladding and Al/Ni/WC@SMP-MoS<sub>2</sub> composite coating is 46 % and 55 % lower than that of the matrix, respectively. The corrosion potential of Al/Ni/WC@SMP-MoS<sub>2</sub> composite coating increases to −0.8196 V, and the corrosion current density decreases by 3 orders of magnitude. These studies have important significance for promoting the application of aluminum alloy in engineering metal protection, automobile industry and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High temperature performance of MnCo oxide coatings deposited by HiPIMS for interconnect application in Solid Oxide Cell","authors":"Théo Dejob , Mathilde Bouvier , Antoine Casadebaigt , Jaafar Ghanbaja , Fabien Rouillard , Frédéric Sanchette","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To decrease the volatilization rate of Cr on AISI 441 interconnect for Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) application, Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>O coatings were deposited using Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (R-HiPIMS). Three different coating morphologies and preferential growth orientations were obtained by varying bias and temperature settings. All synthetized Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>O coatings reduced the volatilization rate of Cr during exposure in dry air at 800 °C for 2000 h. Moreover, the Cr retention power was influenced by the preferential growth orientation of the coating. This study suggests that the deposition parameters of R-HiPIMS can be adjusted to optimize the crystalline orientation and enhance the effectiveness of Mn<img>Co oxide coatings as barriers against chromium volatilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132024"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Friction surfacing of aluminum alloys on Ti6Al4V - Investigation of process parameters, material deposition behavior and bonding mechanisms","authors":"Marius Hoffmann , Arne Roos , Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses a detailed investigation of friction surfacing (FS) process parameters for two materials with low metallurgical compatibility, i.e. Al and Ti, to achieve successful depositions, representing a very challenging task. The difference in suitable process parameters between two Al alloys onto Ti is highlighted. For instance, AA6082 requires higher rotational speeds than AA7050, resulting in higher process temperatures that lead to the formation of intermetallics with a thickness of about 0.3 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m at the interface. This indicates that diffusion is the main bonding mechanism for AA6082, while mainly mechanical interlocking contributes to bonding for AA7050. Additionally, AA6082 presents slightly thicker (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>240 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m) and wider (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>28 mm) layers than AA7050 (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>185 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m and <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>24 mm, respectively). Based on the experimental results, a new theory of material deposition is proposed for the dissimilar Al/Ti material combination, as a unique deposition behavior could be identified. The experiments show that material is deposited only in the peripheral areas of the stud, but not in the center, as typically seen in FS. Higher local process temperatures in the peripheral areas result in lower local flow stresses, which increase stud shearing and thus deposition of the plasticized stud material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 131985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daomeng Pan , Chunhai Liu , Yongduo Sun , Hongyan Yang , Zhuo Li
{"title":"Microstructure and oxidation properties of Cr/CrAl multilayer coatings prepared via magnetron sputtering","authors":"Daomeng Pan , Chunhai Liu , Yongduo Sun , Hongyan Yang , Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr/CrAl multilayer coatings were prepared on Zr-4 surfaces via magnetron sputtering. The effect of multilayer structure on the microstructure, wettability and steam oxidation resistance of the coatings was investigated. The Cr/CrAl multilayer coatings have BCC structure and hydrophobicity. The steam test at 1000 °C demonstrated that (Cr/CrAl)<sub>16</sub> exhibited the excellent resistance to steam oxidation, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> formation was observed in the outer layer of the oxide film. The (Cr/CrAl)<sub>16</sub> coating has been demonstrated to retard the rate of oxidation of the substrate in a steam environment at 1200 °C. In addition, the oxidation behavior of the Cr/CrAl multilayer coatings was analyzed in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Yang, Zitao Jiang, Guozheng Xu, Shihong Zhang
{"title":"Elucidating the formation mechanism of Fe/Mn oxide buildup at 1000 °C upon CoNiCrAlY coatings reinforced with nano-ZrB2","authors":"Kang Yang, Zitao Jiang, Guozheng Xu, Shihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the microstructure evolution and formation mechanism of Fe/Mn oxide buildup on HVOF sprayed CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> and CoNiCrAlY coatings at 1000 °C were investigated. CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> composite powder (D50 = 38.6 μm) with uniformly distributed nano-ZrB<sub>2</sub> in CoNiCrAlY matrix was prepared by the 35-h step-fashion mechanical alloying. Results show that high-quality CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> coating and CoNiCrAlY coating can be prepared by HVOF. Compared to the CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> coating, the CoNiCrAlY coating has been extensively covered by the (Mn, Fe)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> deposits accompanied by peeling before 20 h, which were formed by the reaction between Fe/Mn elements and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layer, indicating poor resistance to Fe/Mn oxide buildup. A mixed oxide layer of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> on the CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> coating can remain unpeeled for up to 65 h, and effectively prevent the formation of Fe/Mn oxide deposits. The composite coating is completely covered by the deposits only after 100 h. The formation mechanism of Fe/Mn oxide buildup on CoNiCrAlY-ZrB<sub>2</sub> coating is significantly affected by the addition and dispersion of nano-ZrB<sub>2</sub> ceramics, which can promote the formation of the protective mixed oxide layer. The CoNiCrAlY composite coating exhibits excellent resistance to the Fe/Mn oxide buildup, which is a high potential for protecting high-temperature hearth rolls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 132016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Thelen , R. Zehl , J.L. Bürgel , D. Depla , A. Ludwig
{"title":"A python-based approach to sputter deposition simulations in combinatorial materials science","authors":"F. Thelen , R. Zehl , J.L. Bürgel , D. Depla , A. Ludwig","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.131998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetron sputtering is an essential technique in combinatorial materials science, enabling the efficient synthesis of thin-film materials libraries with continuous compositional gradients. For exploring multidimensional search spaces, minimizing preliminary experiments is essential, as numerous materials libraries are required to adequately cover the space, making it crucial to fabricate only those libraries that are absolutely necessary. This can be achieved by Monte Carlo particle simulations to model the deposition profile, e.g. by SIMTRA, which is an established package mainly designed for single cathode simulations. A strong enhancement of its capabilities is the development of a Python-based wrapper, designed to simulate multi-cathode sputter processes through parallel Monte Carlo simulations. By modeling a sputter chamber and determining the relationship between deposition power and rate for an exemplary quaternary system Ni-Pd-Pt-Ru, we achieve a match between simulated and measured compositions, with a median Euclidean distance of 3.5 %. The object-oriented design of the package allows easy customization and enables the definition of complex sputter systems. Due to parallelization, simulating multiple cathodes results in no additional simulation time. These additions extend the capabilities of SIMTRA making it applicable in combinatorial materials research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"503 ","pages":"Article 131998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}