ACS Nano最新文献

{"title":"RNA Binding Sensitivity of Nonstructural Protein 8 Revealed by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Alphafold2 Prediction.","authors":"Xin Jiang,Jinxin Xu,Zhenyu Liao,Na Wang,Taisen Zuo,Changli Ma,Hanqiu Jiang,Yubin Ke,He Cheng,Howard Wang,Jinkui Zhao,Jun Fan,Jinsong Liu,Xiangqiang Chu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c16790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16790","url":null,"abstract":"The flexible structure enables nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) to respond quickly to environmental changes, which are essential for RNA replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering and AlphaFold2 prediction were applied to characterize the structural change of SARS-CoV-2 nsp8 dimers and tetramers. The results demonstrated that the nsp8 tetramer with a more exposed core domain shows a low thermal stability. The exposed core domain increases its sensitivity to RNA and adapts its structure to interact with RNA. Our work reveals the structural difference between the two forms of SARS-CoV-2 nsp8s in the RNA synthesis process, which partly elucidates the molecular mechanism behind RNA replication of the RNA virus.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Mechanisms of Ion Permeation through Sub-Nanometer Graphene Pores: Uncovering Free Energy Barriers via High-Throughput Molecular Simulations","authors":"Andres F. Ordorica, Peifu Cheng, Pavan Chaturvedi, Peter T. Cummings, Piran R. Kidambi","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c13306","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding ion transport through subnanometer graphene nanopores is critical for advancing nanoscale filtration technologies and uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying selective ion permeation. Owing to their atomic thickness and tunable pore sizes, nanoporous graphene membranes serve as a model system for probing ion selectivity and hydration behavior under spatial confinement. This work investigates the transport of Na⁺, Cl^–, K⁺, and water through graphene nanopores to elucidate their ion-sieving characteristics. Free energy barriers associated with ion and water permeation are quantified, offering insight into the energetic costs of dehydration and translocation through nanopores. Selective ion transport is further examined using the constant potential method (CPM), which more accurately reflects experimental electrochemical conditions, and allows for the selective permeation of K⁺ over Na⁺ within nanoporous graphene membranes. The role of externally applied electric fields is also explored to assess their impact on ion hydration and transport dynamics. Together, these results contribute to a deeper mechanistic understanding of ion confinement, hydration, and selective permeation in nanoporous atomically thin membranes.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimechanistic Electrical Transport in Macroscopic Graphene Assemblies: Bridging Theoretical and Practical Performance Limits.","authors":"Linxin Zhai,Peng Li,Zhen Xu,Zhiping Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c15334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c15334","url":null,"abstract":"Macroscopic graphene assemblies, such as fibers and films, offer high strength and thermal conductivity but achieve only about half the theoretical graphite limit in electrical conductivity, far below their stiffness and thermal performance. This gap underscores the need for theoretical guidance, complicated by atomic-scale chemistry and hierarchical microstructures, requiring multiscale, multimechanistic modeling. We present an integrated framework unifying quantum transport calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and network modeling, accounting for band transport and hopping in the basal plane, alongside π-π coupling and tunneling across their interfaces. Anchored by experimental evidence, it quantitatively predicts in-plane and cross-plane conductivities as functions of sp2 fraction and sheet size. The results reveal a percolation transition in the basal plane near 60%, with stretched exponential and linear scaling in the highly-oxidized (hopping) and reduced (band conduction) limits, respectively, providing a measure of the requirement for chemical reduction and high-temperature graphitization. A sigmoidal (\"S-shaped\") size dependence reflects micrometer-scale constraints of flakes derived from graphite exfoliation and dispersion. In contrast to thermal transport, electrical conductivity is more tolerant of low-concentration defects and more strongly dependent on sheet size, indicating that preferentially selecting larger sheets from the dispersion is more essential for electrical performance. The orders-of-magnitude higher anisotropy of electrical versus thermal conductivity further indicates that thin films optimize thermal management by harnessing charge carriers as heat carriers. Our framework bridges the theoretical limits and practical performance of graphene assemblies, an advance not previously achieved, and is extensible to additional effects of structural fluctuations and chemical modifications. It also motivates targeted experimental characterization of key parameters at the level of basic structural units (closely packed laminates) and their interfaces, which contributes to a comprehensive composition-processing-microstructure-performance map.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallosalphen-Covalent Organic Framework-Based Semiconducting Artificial Enzymes with Radio-Activable Antitumor Immunity for Suppressing Tumor Metastasis and Recurrence","authors":"Yu Min, Qian Li, Zhenyang Zhao, Qinlong Wen, Wenjie Xu, Mohsen Adeli, Zhigong Wei, Xiaolin Wang, Xianglin Luo, Xingchen Peng, Chong Cheng","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c13672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c13672","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-catalytic therapies have gained increasing popularity in preventing tumor metastasis and recurrence, yet their efficiency is often compromised by limited systemic immune activation. Herein, we report the <i>de novo</i> design of Ru-coordinated bis-Schiff base salphen-covalent organic frameworks (SCOF-Ru) to serve as semiconducting artificial enzymes with radio-activable ROS-catalytic efficiency and antitumor immunity for suppressing tumor metastasis and recurrence. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the semiconducting SCOF-Ru displays large π-conjugation, efficient electron transfer, strong electron–hole separation, and unique Ru₂–N₄O₂ catalytic centers, enabling the most superior ROS production capability under low-dose X-ray irradiation. Rather than relying on high-Z elements, semiconducting SCOF-Ru with optimized band structures endows Ru sites with high radiosensitization effects. Our findings have disclosed that the SCOF-Ru can not only effectively inhibit DNA repair but also trigger robust apoptosis through the downregulation of calcium signaling pathways. Correspondingly, the therapeutic superiority and recurrence inhibition efficacies of SCOF-Ru have been validated in different tumor models, especially radiotherapy-resistant patient-derived xenograft models. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade, radio-activable SCOF-Ru shows great potential to robustly inhibit the growth of distant tumors. We believe the innovative design of ROS-catalytic and radio-activable artificial enzymes will enable a promising avenue for treating malignant tumors.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Fluorescent Nanodiamonds with Millisecond Spin Relaxation Times","authors":"Mina Barzegaramiriolya, Erin S. Grant, Trent Ralph, Yang Li, Giannis Thalassinos, Anton Tadich, Lars Thomsen, Takeshi Ohshima, Hiroshi Abe, Nikolai Dontschuk, Alastair Stacey, Paul Mulvaney, Liam. T. Hall, Philipp Reineck, David A. Simpson","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c02407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c02407","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects are useful probes for biological imaging and nanoscale sensing applications. Here, we explore the effect of chemical surface modifications and core–shell structures on the <i>T</i>₁ relaxation times of 100 nm FNDs hosting nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. The results show that surface oxidation and silica coating of FNDs using the Stöber method can dramatically increase the spin relaxation time from <i>T</i>_<i>1</i> = <i>320</i> ± 9 μs to <i>T</i>_<i>1</i> = 1.00 ± 0.06 ms. Using FT-IR and NEXAFS measurements conducted on air oxidized particles, we find that changes to surface functional groups and sp² carbon density may be responsible for the observed enhancements to the spin relaxation rate. Finally, we use a Monte Carlo model to numerically investigate the relationship between chemical sensitivity and shell thickness and find that a shell thickness on the order of 1 nm should provide the highest sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that the surface of FNDs can be engineered to exhibit bulk-like <i>T</i>₁ relaxation times, in the absence of complex quantum control sequences, which is crucial to advancing biosensing and imaging applications where surface spin noise currently limits measurement precision.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd Nanoreefs on Au Truncated Octahedra Nanoprobes for Label-Free Biomolecule Detection via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","authors":"Soohyun Lee, Seohyeon Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Kyuvin Hur, Qiang Zhao, Sungho Park","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11124","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables ultrasensitive molecular detection but faces significant challenges when applied to biologically relevant molecules, such as amino acids and carbohydrates, due to their weak surface adsorption and low Raman cross sections, which lead to poor signal reproducibility. To address these limitations, we present morphology-engineered hybrid nanostructures, termed Pd nanoreef on Au truncated octahedron (Au–Pd NRTO), which combine the strong plasmonic properties of Au with the high binding affinity of Pd for oxygen-containing biomolecules. In this architecture, Pd selectively grows into coral-like columnar pillars at high-energy sites on the Au surface, precisely where electromagnetic field enhancement is maximized, significantly improving SERS signals. By tuning the extent of Pd growth, we achieve an optimal balance between preserving plasmonic activity and enhancing molecular adsorption. Finite element simulations, corroborated by experimental SERS data, reveal that intermediate Pd coverage yields the best sensing performance by coupling efficient near-field enhancement with effective analyte capture. Using this platform, we successfully performed label-free detection of small biomolecules, including neurotransmitters, monosaccharides, and amino acids, with high sensitivity and demonstrated multiplexing capability. These findings demonstrate a morphology-driven strategy for developing multifunctional plasmonic sensors, underscoring the importance of embedding chemically interactive sites directly within SERS-active regions to maximize detection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Microneedle-Mesh Interfaces via Microfluidic Patterning for Electrophysiology in Neural Organoids.","authors":"Yan Wu,Renjie Mei,Yujie Zhou,Jie Qi,Chen Hang,Xingyu Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c08827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c08827","url":null,"abstract":"Connecting electronics to the brain and neural organoids is critical for establishing machine-human interfaces, exploring complex mechanisms of the nervous system, and developing theranostic approaches. However, electrophysiological monitoring of these three-dimensional (3D) nervous tissues remains challenging due to their highly irregular surfaces, which severely limit electrode-tissue contact. Here, we present a stretchable mesh electrode array integrated with elastic graphene microneedles for interfacing with human neural organoids and their assemblies. The device is fabricated via microfluidic patterning technology, enabling low-cost and reproducible production. Graphene microneedles (50-100 μm in height) seamlessly interconnected with liquid metal-polymer conductor (MPC) interconnects within the stretchable mesh architecture. Graphene microneedles and MPC interconnects retain structural integrity under 200% strain. This configuration enhances multisite electrode-tissue contact, enabling recordings of spontaneous and stimulus-evoked electrophysiological activity. Over 60% of channels were activated, surpassing the performance of commercial planar electrodes. This biocompatible interface overcomes the mechanical mismatch between flexible electronics and the surface irregularities of neural organoids, providing an avenue for investigating emergent neural network behaviors in 3D models.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Air-Processed Green-Solvent Based Organic Solar Cells Fabricated via Facile Extremely Low-Temperature Induced Crystallization Approach.","authors":"Shafket Rasool,Jiwoo Yeop,Dong Chan Lee,Shinik Kim,Bomin Kim,Jaehyeong Kim,Sungwook Park,Hye Won Cho,Woojin Lee,Yeonjeong Lee,Jeongmin Son,Sung-Yeon Jang,Oh-Hoon Kwon,Shinuk Cho,Jin Young Kim","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11216","url":null,"abstract":"Glove-Box (GB)-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) using halogenated solvents exhibited ∼20% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Air-processed (AP) OSCs, irrespective of halogenated or nonhalogenated solvent, consistently exhibit lower PCEs than GB counterparts. Key challenges in AP-OSCs include nanomorphological control and charge-carrier transport issues. To address these challenges, an extremely low-temperature induced crystallization (ELTC) strategy is devised, precisely modulating the crystallinity and packing motifs of photoactive materials from solution-state to film-state. This strategy results in densely packed molecular ordering consisting of polymer as well as nonfullerene acceptors within the blend film, yielding a tuned nanomorphology, having accelerated interfacial hole-transport rates and heightened charge-carrier transport. Consequently, PCEs exceeding 18% for binary and ∼19% for ternary AP-OSCs are achieved, utilizing a halogen-free solvent system. These findings underscore the importance of the ELTC strategy in manipulating molecular packing motifs with reduced stacking distances in the blend film, thus advancing the fabrication of efficient AP-OSCs.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex Nanopore Detection of Structurally Diverse Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Surface Water.","authors":"Xiaofeng Lu,Dong Zhong,Qi An,Liting Kang,Na Fan,Junjie Cao,Renjie Li,Qianqian Cao,Yudong Zhou,Xiaoyu Du,Shuanghong Yan,Juan Li,Xiaolei Qu,Yuqin Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12164","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) make up a large class of emerging chemical pollutants that have caused extensive contamination of global water sources. As the toxicity of PFAS becomes increasingly recognized, there is a growing demand for low-cost and rapid sensors capable of screening water samples for multiple PFAS species. However, most electrochemical and optical sensors can detect only one or two PFASs, despite the high structural diversity of these compounds in aquatic environments. Here, we report a single-molecule nanopore sensor that enables simultaneous detection of nine PFASs in a single measurement. By incorporating a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) adapter into a mutant α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore, translocating PFAS molecules produce distinct current blockades that allow clear discrimination based on carbon chain lengths, hydrogen substitutions, and terminal functional groups. With assistance from a machine learning classifier, an overall identification accuracy of 95.83% is achieved. This strategy allows direct, label-free, and rapid discrimination of multiple PFASs in surface water samples at environmentally relevant concentrations as low as the microgram per liter level, without chemical labeling, separation, or enrichment. The successful demonstration of nanopore sensing in complex real-world matrices highlights its strong potential for practical, field-deployable environmental analysis.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CoIr/Pt Multilayers Enabling Physical Unclonable Function via Domain Wall Motion.","authors":"Sabpreet Bhatti,Subhakanta Das,Badsha Sekh,Seidikkurippu Nellainayagam Piramanayagam","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c04831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c04831","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronics devices offer exceptional long-term reliability and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors, making them promising for next-generation electronics. However, realizing their full potential requires new materials and device concepts that operate at low energy. In this work, we introduce a CoIr/Pt heterostructure that leverages the properties of CoIr, which exhibits negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy. By interfacing CoIr with Pt layers, we successfully invert its anisotropy, achieving a perpendicular magnetization with a low effective magnetic anisotropy energy. The stack shows a switching current density five times lower than that of conventional Co/Pt stacks. We use this material in a physically unclonable function (PUF) domain wall (DW) device that generates unique cryptographic keys. Unlike conventional DW devices, which struggle to generate distinct states due to challenges in controlling DW motion in straight wires, our CoIr/Pt stack enables a 4 × 32-bit PUF without pinning sites, allowing for simplified programming architecture. Distinctive outputs are demonstrated in spin-orbit torque-driven 4 × 32-bit PUF devices. Additionally, this stack facilitates PUF miniaturization to the nanoscale, enhancing device density and power efficiency. Our results present a promising approach to hardware security primitives, offering potential integration into secure electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}