Steroids最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of anti-cancer evaluation of new metabolites isolated from baked Sarcosphaera crassa: An edible poisonous mushroom","authors":"Zain Ullah ,&nbsp;Mehmet Öztürk","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for wild mushrooms as functional foods has increased due to their pharmacological significance. <em>Sarcosphaera crassa</em> is a deadly poisonous mushroom consumed by people living in northern and eastern Europe after being cooked adequately due to its significant properties. Herein, the baked <em>Sarcosphaera crassa</em> was studied for its ingredients. The cytotoxicity of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of baked <em>Sarcosphaera crassa</em> was investigated against MCF-7, HT-29, and HeLa cancer cell lines while toxicity against PDF fibroblast healthy cell lines using MTT assay. Acetone and methanol extracts of the baked mushroom exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. Further investigation of cytotoxic extracts afforded three new secondary metabolites, namely, (3<em>β,</em> 22<em>E</em>) ergosta-5, 22-dienyl 3-<em>O</em>-<em>α</em>-yl decanoate (Brassicasteryl decanoate) (<strong>1</strong>), bis (2- ethylpentadecyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (<strong>2</strong>), and (2<em>S</em>)-4-(aziridine-1-yl)-4-oxobutan-2-yl hexadecanoate (<strong>3</strong>), and six known compounds including ᴅ-sorbitol (<strong>4</strong>), 3<em>β</em>-ergosta-5,22-dien (<strong>5</strong>), two ergosterol-endoperoxides (<strong>6</strong> and <strong>7</strong>), nigerasterol A (<strong>8</strong>) and 5<em>α</em>,9<em>α</em>-epoksiergosta-7,22-dien, 3<em>β</em>,6<em>α</em>-diol (<strong>9</strong>). Among them, <strong>2</strong> exhibited effective cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (IC₅₀: 33.45 ± 2.9 μg/mL) and HT-29 (IC₅₀: 45.53 ± 0.8 μg/mL) cancer cell lines. Compound <strong>3</strong> demonstrated high activity against HeLa (IC₅₀: 30.45 ± 0.35 μg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC₅₀: 33.55 ± 0.49 μg/mL) cancer cell lines, respectively. On the other hand, compound <strong>1</strong> demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Besides, against PDF healthy cell lines, all extracts demonstrated lower toxicity. This discovery highlights the significance of <em>Sarcosphaera crassa</em> as a natural functional food reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invalidating betulinic acid as a potential inhibitor against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 via combined approaches","authors":"Jiankai Ye ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoping Liu,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Yunyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In contrast to an earlier study reporting that betulinic acid is an inhibitor of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro), we demonstrated that beutilinic acid is not a potential Mpro inhibitor via combined approaches, including the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, the fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, and the protease biosensor cleavage assay. Our results suggest that the addition of detergent to the assay buffers is essential for evaluating natural products as Mpro inhibitors. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive testing of Mpro inhibition via combined approaches for antiviral development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in phytosterol free forms and esters: Classification, biosynthesis, chemistry, and detection","authors":"Farid Khallouki ,&nbsp;Wafa Zennouhi ,&nbsp;Lhoussain Hajji ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bourhia ,&nbsp;Laila Benbacer ,&nbsp;Bachir El Bouhali ,&nbsp;Leila Rezig ,&nbsp;Marc Poirot ,&nbsp;Gérard Lizard","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytosterols are plant sterols that are important secondary plant metabolites with significant pharmacological properties. Their presence in the plant kingdom concerns many unrelated botanical families such as oleageneous plants and cereals. The structures of phytosterols evoke those of cholesterol. These molecules are composed of a sterane ring, also known as perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene, along with a methyl or ethyl group at C-24 in their side chains, a hydroxyl group at C-3 on ring A, and one or two double bonds in the B ring. Phytosterols display different oxidation degrees at the sterane ring and at the side chain as well as varying numbers of carbons with complex stereochemistries. Fats and water solubilities of phytosterols have been achieved by physical, chemical and enzymatic esterifications to favor their bioavailability and to improve the sensory quality of food, and the efficiency of pharmaceutic and cosmetic products. This review aims to provide comprehensive information starting from the definition and structural classification of phytosterols, and exposes an update of their biogenic relationships. Next, the synthesis of phytosterol esters and their applications as well as their effective roles as hormone precursors are discussed. Finally, a concise exploration of the latest advancements in phytosterol / oxyphytosterols analysis techniques is provided, with a particular focus on modern hyphenated techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient regioconvergent synthesis of 3-aza-obeticholic acid","authors":"Lawrence D. Harris ,&nbsp;Roselis A. Landaeta Aponte ,&nbsp;Wanting Jiao ,&nbsp;Scott A. Cameron ,&nbsp;Alex Weymouth-Wilson ,&nbsp;Richard H. Furneaux ,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Compton ,&nbsp;Andreas Luxenburger","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bile acids (BAs) are steroidal molecules that play important roles in nutrient absorption, distribution, and excretion. They also act on specific receptors implicated in various metabolic and inflammatory diseases demonstrating their importance as potential drug candidates. Accordingly, there has been a concerted effort to develop new BA derivatives to probe structure–activity relationships with the goal of discovering BA analogues with enhanced pharmacological properties. Among the many steroidal derivatisations reported, the formation of endocyclic azasteroids appeals due to their potential to deliver altered biological responses with minimal change to the steroidal superstructure. Here, we report the synthesis of 3-aza-obeticholic acid (<strong>6</strong>) <em>via</em> a regioconvergent route. Ammoniolysis of lactones, formed from an <em>m</em>-CPBA-mediated Baeyer-Villiger reaction on a 3-keto-OCA derivative, furnished protected intermediate amido-alcohols which were separately elaborated to amino-alcohols <em>via</em> Hofmann degradation with BAIB. Upon individual <em>N</em>-Boc-protection, these underwent annulation to the 3-aza-A-ring when subjected to either mesylation or a Dess-Martin oxidation/hydrogenation sequence. Global deprotection of the 3-aza-intermediate delivered 3-aza-OCA in ten steps and an overall yield of up to 19%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of structural features of anabolic-androgenic steroids: entanglement for organ-specific toxicity","authors":"Ankan Sinha ,&nbsp;Vishal Kumar Deb ,&nbsp;Abhijit Datta ,&nbsp;Satpal Yadav ,&nbsp;Ashish Phulkar ,&nbsp;Suman Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), more correctly termed “steroidal androgens”, are a broad category of compounds including both synthetic derivatives and endogenously produced androgens like testosterone, which have long been employed as performance-enhancing substances, primarily among recreational athletes and some professionals. While their short-term effects on muscle physiology are well-documented, the long-term health consequences remain inadequately understood. A key finding is the disruption of hormone production, leading to reversible and irreversible changes, particularly with prolonged use. While debate exists over the prevalence of adverse effects, studies suggest a spectrum of somatic and psychiatric consequences, highlighting the need for improved understanding and prevention strategies. AASs are not only affect muscle structure but also influence mood, behavior, and body image, potentially exacerbating substance dependence and psychological distress. Liver alterations are a prominent concern, with oxidative stress implicated in AAS-induced hepatotoxicity. Reproductive complications, including gonadal atrophy and infertility, are common, alongside virilization and feminization effects in both genders. Cardiovascular effects are particularly worrisome, with AASs implicated in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased thrombotic risk, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, AASs may enhance cancer risks, potentially accelerating carcinogenesis in various tissues, including the prostate. The review emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health initiatives to mitigate harm, including harm minimization strategies, routine health screenings, and targeted interventions for AAS users. Understanding the complex interplay of biological mechanisms and systemic effects is crucial for informing clinical management and preventive measures. This review also examines the biological impact of AASs on human muscles, detailing mechanisms of action, chemistry, and associated health risks such as liver damage, cardiovascular disease, and endocrine dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions on 2,3-isoxazol-17α-ethynyltestosterone, their anti-cancer activity, molecular docking studies and ADMET analysis","authors":"Astha Yadav ,&nbsp;Anmol Verma ,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Rohit Prakash ,&nbsp;Sanjay Srivastava ,&nbsp;Arun Sethi ,&nbsp;Ranvijay Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current study, the Sonogashira coupling reaction of danazol with aryl halides was carried out, yielding new aryl substituted danazol derivatives. The synthetic compounds were examined for anti-cancer potential on the HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, and they showed promising cytotoxic action. Synthesized compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong> inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells, potentially making them effective anti-cancer drugs in the future. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the inhibitory impact of danazol derivatives on the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) target protein (1F9F). The docking results showed a significant inhibitory action against the cervical cancer protein (1F9F). The binding energy (ΔG) values of <strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong> against the protein 1F9F were −<strong>8.01</strong>, <strong>−8.70</strong>, <strong>−9.43</strong>, <strong>−9.58</strong> and <strong>−9.75</strong> kcal/mol, indicating a high affinity of the synthesized compounds to bind with the HPV target proteins compared to their parent compound danazol (<strong>1</strong>). ADMET analyses of all derivatives have also been carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergostanes from the mushroom Trametes versicolor and their cancer cell inhibition: In vitro and in silico evaluation","authors":"Alice W. Njue ,&nbsp;Josiah Omolo ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Ramos ,&nbsp;Cleydson B.R. Santos ,&nbsp;Njogu M. Kimani","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, five steroid compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies mushroom <em>Trametes versicolor.</em> The compounds, 9,19-cyclolanostane-3,29-diol (<strong>3</strong>), ergosta-7,22-dien-3-acetate (<strong>4</strong>), and ergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β,5α,6β,7α-tetrol (<strong>5</strong>), were identified from <em>T. versicolor</em> for the first time. The five compounds were evaluated for their activity against cancer cell lines. Compound 5α,8α–epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (<strong>1</strong>) was found to be the most effective against most of the cancer cell lines tested. <em>In silico</em> studies showed that compound <strong>1</strong> has good binding affinities to different cancer targets, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), human cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), Human Topo IIa ATPase/AMP-PNP, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and Vegfr-2. It’s also druglike based on Lipinski’s rule of five and it’s ADME/Tox properties. Therefore, compound <strong>1</strong> is a good candidate in the management of cancer. These results further show that <em>T. versicolor</em> is a potential source of drugs or drug leads for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the influence of estrous cycle-dependent hormonal changes on neurogenesis in adult mice","authors":"Leila Mirzaeian ,&nbsp;Khadijeh Bahrehbar ,&nbsp;Mandana Emamdoust ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Amiri ,&nbsp;Maryam Azari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. Sex hormones play an essential role in the development of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurogenic changes in the brain at different phases of the estrous cycle in adult mice.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Female NMRI mice were divided into four groups: 1- Estrous, 2- Proestrous, 3- Metestrous, and 4- Diestrous. Different stages of the estrous cycle were determined by staining of vaginal smears. The level of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) hormones was evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor) <em>BDNF</em>)<em>,</em> nerve growth factor (<em>NGF</em>)<em>,</em> ciliary neurotrophic factor<!--> <!-->(<em>CNTF</em>)) genes in hippocampal and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in subventricular zone (SVZ) tissue were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The serum estrogen and FSH increased significantly in Proestrous group (p &lt; 0.001). Also, progesterone and prolactin hormones were significantly increased in the Diaestrus group (p &lt; 0.001). The expression levels of <em>BDNF</em>, <em>NGF,</em> and <em>CNTF</em> significantly increased in the hippocampal tissue of Proestrous and Diaestrus groups (p &lt; 0.001). The number of GFAP⁺ cells in SVZ of the Proestrous and Diestrous groups had a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our data showed that Changes in sex hormones, especially estrogen in the estrous cycle, can cause the production of new neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and SVZ. Therefore, the increase in neurotrophic factors in the Proestrus and Diestrus leads to neurogenesis in adult mice brains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic mechanisms of dexamethasone in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Insights into bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","authors":"Ekramy M. Elmorsy ,&nbsp;Ayat B. Al-Ghafari ,&nbsp;Huda A. Al Doghaither ,&nbsp;Manal S. Fawzy ,&nbsp;Shaimaa A. Shehata","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the known therapeutic uses of dexamethasone (DEX), the specific mechanisms underlying its neurotoxic effects in neuronal cells, particularly in undifferentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, remain inadequately understood. This study aims to elucidate these mechanisms, emphasizing bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thereby providing novel insights into the cellular vulnerabilities induced by chronic DEX exposure. The findings revealed significant reductions in cell viability, altered membrane integrity with LDH leakage, decreased intracellular ATP production, and the electron transport chain complexes I and III activity inhibition. DEX significantly increased the release of the reactive species and peroxidation of lipids, as well as of Nrf2 expression. At the same time, it simultaneously led to a decline in the activities of the antioxidant catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, along with a depletion of glutathione reserves. The apoptosis process was exhibited by a significant elevation of caspases 3 and 8 activities with overexpression of mRNA BAX, inhibition of BCL-2, and a significant upregulation of the BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Assessment of neuronal development genes (<em>GAP43</em>, <em>CAMK2A</em>, <em>CAMK2B</em>, <em>TUBB3</em>, and <em>Wnts</em>) by quantitative PCR assay showed increased expression of <em>CAMK2A</em>, <em>CAMK2B</em>, and <em>Wnt3a</em> with a significant reduction in <em>GAP43</em> mRNA levels. Collectively, this study proved that DEX was cytotoxic to SH-SY5Y via bioenergetic disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of metabolic and microbial influences on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome","authors":"Foram K. Ravat,&nbsp;Janki R. Goswami,&nbsp;Sneha M. Nair,&nbsp;Kashyap N. Thummar","doi":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting reproductive-aged women worldwide. Characterized by irregular menstruation, signs of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries via ultrasound ovarian dysfunction.</p></div><div><h3>Area covered</h3><p>The review delves into the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the syndrome. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, IR, obesity, and hyperandrogenism contribute to anovulation and follicular dysfunction which is associated with gut dysbiosis, bile metabolites, and an unhealthy diet.</p><p>Metabolomics and genomics analyses offer insights into the metabolism of bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota dysbiosis in PCOS. BAs, crucial for metabolic regulation, are influenced by microbes, impacting hormonal balance. Disruptions in gut microbiota contribute to hormonal dysregulation. Interconnected pathways involving BAs and gut microbiota are pivotal in PCOS. Therapeutic implications include a healthy diet, exercise, and interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation and BAs metabolite to alleviate PCOS symptoms and improve metabolic health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PCOS requires a multifaceted, multidisciplinary approach for effective management, including lifestyle changes, medications, and emerging therapies. Tailored strategies considering individual needs and personalized treatment plans are crucial for successful PCOS management. Despite existing knowledge, comprehensive investigations are needed to bridge research gaps and discern the interconnected pathways linking the development of PCOS and the gut-bile axis which are interconnected with metabolic disorders and the development of PCOS. Gut microbiota and hormonal regulation offer promising avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of PCOS and improving patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21997,"journal":{"name":"Steroids","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}