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Key Points to Remember When Using Internal Standards for Sample Analysis by ICP-OES ICP-OES样品分析使用内部标准时应注意的要点
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.gb4767c3
D. Bradshaw
{"title":"Key Points to Remember When Using Internal Standards for Sample Analysis by ICP-OES","authors":"D. Bradshaw","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.gb4767c3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.gb4767c3","url":null,"abstract":"Using internal standards is a common technique to correct for variations in sample matrices and the affect this has on analyte intensities. There are several basic criteria to be considered when using internal standards: selection of appropriate internal standards, the concentration added to the solutions analyzed, setting up in the correct view (axial vs. radial), how to introduce the internal standard to the solutions to be analyzed, and evaluating the resulting data. Each of these topics are considered and suggestions presented.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83904846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technological Analysis of Glazed Tiles Unearthed from Bao’ensi in Nanjing 南京宝恩寺釉面砖的工艺分析
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.jc4473j7
D. Zhao, Bo Wu, Bo Li, Baohua Zhou, Jianfeng Cui, Weijuan Zhao, Qinlong Chen
{"title":"Technological Analysis of Glazed Tiles Unearthed from Bao’ensi in Nanjing","authors":"D. Zhao, Bo Wu, Bo Li, Baohua Zhou, Jianfeng Cui, Weijuan Zhao, Qinlong Chen","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.jc4473j7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.jc4473j7","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the firing technology and the level of production of glazed tiles in the Ming Dynasty, an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectrophotometer and an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer were used to systematically analyze the glaze color and chemical composition of glazed tiles unearthed from the southern area of the Bao’ensi site. The results revealed that little difference exists in the main wavelengths of the same glazed tile samples, but that the colored elements of glaze with different colors are different. Iron (Fe) is the main element that affects the color of yellow glaze; copper (Cu) is the main element that affects the color of green glaze; and the main colorants that affect the color of black glaze are Fe, Cu, and manganese (Mn). The yellow and black glaze unearthed from the southern area of the Bao’ensi site were relatively mature in terms of raw material composition and technological formula, whereas the raw material and technological formula of green glaze were not stable enough. To meet temple construction needs, workers were skilled in firing glazed tiles with different glaze color requirements, indicating that the glaze color of the glazed tiles was relatively mature at that time.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80957401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentiating Glycans by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 用表面增强拉曼光谱鉴别聚糖
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.mt7469p9
J. Chasse
{"title":"Differentiating Glycans by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"J. Chasse","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.mt7469p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.mt7469p9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74766532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparation and Spectral Properties of MgAl2O4: Tb3+ Phosphor MgAl2O4: Tb3+荧光粉的制备及其光谱性质
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.xr3287v2
Shi Zhongxiang, Shi Jun, Wang Jing, Lu Yang, Liu Yongfu
{"title":"Preparation and Spectral Properties of MgAl2O4: Tb3+ Phosphor","authors":"Shi Zhongxiang, Shi Jun, Wang Jing, Lu Yang, Liu Yongfu","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.xr3287v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.xr3287v2","url":null,"abstract":"A series of Tb3+ doped cubic MgAl2O4 green phosphors were synthesized via hydrothermal method followed by a post-annealing process. The variation regularity of phase structure, morphology, particle size and concentration quenching mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the crystal structure of matrix materials was not affected when Tb3+ ions were introduced. In addition, the micrometer-sized rods and excellent dispersion of the particles were obtained by adding urea. Under excitation at 377 nm, the phosphors exhibited the characteristic of Tb3+ emissions with the peaks located at 488 nm (5D4 → 7F6), 544 nm (5D4 → 7F5) and 588 nm (5D4 → 7F4), respectively. Moreover, based on optical analysis, it can be inferred that electric dipole-dipole (d-d) interaction plays an important role in concentration quenching process of Tb3+ ions. The green light emitting phosphor MgAl2O4: Tb3+ can be realized by adjusting the concentrations of Tb3+, and the optimum concentration of Tb3+ ions in MgAl2O4 was found to be 0.02. Finally, the average fluorescence decay lifetime and the CIE chromaticity coordinates of Mg0.98Al2O4: 0.02Tb3+ phosphor were calculated to be 1.2005 ms and (0.3197 0.4109), respectively. The above results suggest that the developed phosphor could have potential to be used as a single-phase green emission phosphor for near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (NUV-LED) applications.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76077209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Infrared Spectroscopy of Polymers XIII: Polyurethanes 聚合物的红外光谱学十三:聚氨酯
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.fn3378a3
B. Smith
{"title":"Infrared Spectroscopy of Polymers XIII: Polyurethanes","authors":"B. Smith","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.fn3378a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.fn3378a3","url":null,"abstract":"We continue our survey of the spectra of nitrogen containing polymers with a look at polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are widely made into foam rubber, elastic, and wood coatings, amongst other things. The spectra of polyurethanes are similar to polyamides since both polymer types contain C=O and N-H bonds. Therefore, we will begin with a review of the spectra of polyamides.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83515265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Contamination Control During Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Part 2 电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析电子烟气溶胶微量元素样品制备过程中的污染控制，第2部分
4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.kh5380l2
R. Steven Pappas, Naudia Gray
{"title":"Contamination Control During Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Part 2","authors":"R. Steven Pappas, Naudia Gray","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.kh5380l2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.kh5380l2","url":null,"abstract":"Part 1 of this tutorial addressed how environmental contamination may be minimized by using proper personal analytical practices, sample preparation environmental suggestions, avoidance of glass and low purity quartz contact with samples and standards during sample collection and preparation, and appropriate choices of high purity solvents during sample collection and preparation. Part 2 continues the discussion in terms of minimizing sample contamination issues by using high purity polymer materials for sample collection and preparation, as well as discuss the differences between instrument and method limits of detection (LODs). Accepted and appropriate procedures for calculating method LODs are related to variability in instrument response and unavoidable environmental contamination during even the cleanest sample preparation. Adherence to such practices will help analysts avoid false positives and report results with a high level of confidence.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying Freshness of Shrimp Following Refrigeration Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging 利用近红外高光谱成像技术鉴定冷藏后虾的新鲜度
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.kz7587y6
Ron Ye, Chunhong Liu, Daoliang Li, Yingyi Chen, Yuchen Guo, Qingling Duan
{"title":"Identifying Freshness of Shrimp Following Refrigeration Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging","authors":"Ron Ye, Chunhong Liu, Daoliang Li, Yingyi Chen, Yuchen Guo, Qingling Duan","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.kz7587y6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.kz7587y6","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp tends to deteriorate during the refrigeration process. To monitor the freshness of shrimp during refrigeration, near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was utilized to non-destructively identify the freshness of shrimp. In the process, three preprocessing methods (multivariate scatter correction [MSC], standard normal variate [SNV], and direct orthogonal signal correction [DOSC]) were employed to preprocess the full-wavelength spectral data, and three characteristic wavelength extraction algorithms (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling [CARS], and random forest [RF] simulated annealing [SA]) were used to extract the best-pre-processed data. Because extreme learning machine (ELM) and kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) are easily affected by parameters, ELM (based on teaching-learning-based optimization [TLBO]) and KELM (based on teaching-learning-based optimization [TLBO]) were proposed. In this study, four discriminant models (ELM, TLBO– ELM, KELM, and TLBO–KELM) were used for the full wavelength modeling analysis and the characteristic wavelength modeling analysis. In this work, the results of the final selected models are presented.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84655303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Porous Chitosan Composite Membrane Tandem Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Detection of Metal Elements in Liquid Samples 多孔壳聚糖复合膜串联激光诱导击穿光谱法检测液体样品中金属元素
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.vw6667s5
Bing Zhang, Cuilan Qu, Rui Wang, Yuanguo Shi, Minxia Lin, Weibiao Zhang, Cheng Qian
{"title":"Porous Chitosan Composite Membrane Tandem Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Detection of Metal Elements in Liquid Samples","authors":"Bing Zhang, Cuilan Qu, Rui Wang, Yuanguo Shi, Minxia Lin, Weibiao Zhang, Cheng Qian","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.vw6667s5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.vw6667s5","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is currently one of the most popular techniques for direct element analysis of solid samples. However, when directly used for liquid sample analysis, there are disadvantages, including sample splashing, plasma quenching, and poor signal stability. These problems can be overcome through liquid-solid matrix conversion; at the same time, LIBS signal enhancement can be realized, and the sensitivity of detection of liquid samples can be improved. For this research, the authors used chitosan (CS) as a raw material, and introduced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to finally synthesize a new type of porous membrane material with better stability and more functional group content. The membrane was used as a liquid-solid conversion matrix material combined with LIBS technology to successfully achieve rapid separation and detection of Cu, Ag, Pb, and Cr, and the corresponding detection limits can reach 0.038, 0.069, 0.012, and 0.009 mg/L, respectively. This method further improves the sensitivity of the LIBS method. Combining it with membrane materials will replace inactive membranes and open up a new way for the rapid analysis of solution samples using LIBS technology.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83390785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibrating the Composition of a Copolymer 标定共聚物的组成
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.xy2066v8
F. Adar
{"title":"Calibrating the Composition of a Copolymer","authors":"F. Adar","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.xy2066v8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.xy2066v8","url":null,"abstract":"In collaboration with Isao Noda, I have been using Raman spectroscopy to study the properties of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate hexanoate (PHBHx), which depend on the percentage of hexanoate (which produces propyl side branches to the polymer chain). The percentages of hexanoate determine the maximum crystallinity that the polymer can experience, and that determines its physical and chemical properties, which include its optical clarity, dyability, flexibility, and thermal properties (melting and glass transition temperature). It is useful to have an easy way to determine the composition; in this column, we describe how Raman spectroscopy was used to show that this is feasible at an accuracy greater than expected.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81142804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illicit Drug Analysis in Blood Samples with Multivariate Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 多变量表面增强拉曼光谱分析血液样本中的违禁药物
IF 0.5 4区 化学
Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.56530/spectroscopy.er6076l5
G. Açıkgöz, Abdullah Çolak
{"title":"Illicit Drug Analysis in Blood Samples with Multivariate Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"G. Açıkgöz, Abdullah Çolak","doi":"10.56530/spectroscopy.er6076l5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56530/spectroscopy.er6076l5","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to discriminate different types of illicit drugs (MDMA and THC) in blood samples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with chemometric techniques including principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). A PLS-DA classification model was built using a training data set containing Raman spectra from control and experimental groups (drug-detected blood). PLS-DA was performed for discrimination and classification among blood samples. The scores obtained in the PLS-DA model were used to evaluate the performance of the created model. The leave one out cross-validation (LOOCV) method was used for calibration and validation of the PLS-DA model. In the study, it was observed that the SERS method and chemometric techniques together could be used in drug analysis, even at low concentrations in complex body fluids such as blood. As a result, Raman spectroscopy with PCA and PLS-DA methods of data analysis could be used extensively to build similar or different classification models.","PeriodicalId":21957,"journal":{"name":"Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73830875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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