Sociological Methods & Research最新文献_第5页

Measuring Class Hierarchies in Postindustrial Societies: A Criterion and Construct Validation of EGP and ESEC Across 31 Countries 衡量后工业社会的阶级等级:31个国家的EGP和ESEC标准及其结构验证

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221134522

O. Smallenbroek, F. Hertel, C. Barone

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning as a Model for Cultural Learning: Teaching an Algorithm What it Means to be Fat. 机器学习作为文化学习的模式：教算法胖意味着什么

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122603

Alina Arseniev-Koehler, Jacob G Foster

引用次数: 27

From Ends to Means: The Promise of Computational Text Analysis for Theoretically Driven Sociological Research 从目的到手段:计算文本分析在理论驱动的社会学研究中的前景

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221123088

Bart Bonikowski, Laura K. Nelson

引用次数: 2

Politics as Usual? Measuring Populism, Nationalism, and Authoritarianism in U.S. Presidential Campaigns (1952–2020) with Neural Language Models 政治照旧?用神经语言模型测量美国总统竞选中的民粹主义、民族主义和威权主义(1952-2020

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122317

Bart Bonikowski, Yuchen Luo, Oscar Stuhler

{"title":"Politics as Usual? Measuring Populism, Nationalism, and Authoritarianism in U.S. Presidential Campaigns (1952–2020) with Neural Language Models","authors":"Bart Bonikowski, Yuchen Luo, Oscar Stuhler","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122317","url":null,"abstract":"Radical-right campaigns commonly employ three discursive elements: anti-elite populism, exclusionary and declinist nationalism, and authoritarianism. Recent scholarship has explored whether these frames have diffused from radical-right to centrist parties in the latter’s effort to compete for the former’s voters. This study instead investigates whether similar frames had been used by mainstream political actors prior to their exploitation by the radical right (in the U.S., Donald Trump’s 2016 and 2020 campaigns). To do so, we identify instances of populism, nationalism (i.e., exclusionary and inclusive definitions of national symbolic boundaries and displays of low and high national pride), and authoritarianism in the speeches of Democratic and Republican presidential nominees between 1952 and 2020. These frames are subtle, infrequent, and polysemic, which makes their measurement difficult. We overcome this by leveraging the affordances of neural language models—in particular, a robustly optimized variant of bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (RoBERTa) and active learning. As we demonstrate, this approach is more effective for measuring discursive frames than other methods commonly used by social scientists. Our results suggest that what set Donald Trump’s campaign apart from those of mainstream presidential candidates was not the invention of a new form of politics, but the combination of negative evaluations of elites, low national pride, and authoritarianism—all of which had long been present among both parties—with an explicit evocation of exclusionary nationalism, which had been articulated only implicitly by prior presidential nominees. Radical-right discourse—at least at the presidential level in the United States—should therefore be characterized not as a break with the past but as an amplification and creative rearrangement of existing political-cultural tropes.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1721 - 1787"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46554884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

When Corporations Are People: Agent Talk and the Development of Organizational Actorhood, 1890–1934 当公司是人：代理人谈话与组织行动者的发展，1890–1934

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122528

C. Knight

{"title":"When Corporations Are People: Agent Talk and the Development of Organizational Actorhood, 1890–1934","authors":"C. Knight","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122528","url":null,"abstract":"Research in organizational theory takes as a key premise the notion that organizations are “actors.” Organizational actorhood, or agency, depends, in part, on how external audiences perceive organizations. In other words, organizational agency requires that external audiences take organizations to be agents. Yet little empirical research has attempted to measure these attributions: when do audiences assume that organizations are agents and how have these attributions changed over time? In this article, I suggest that scholars can triangulate across computational methods—including named entity recognition, dependency parsing, topic models, and dictionary methods—to analyze attributions of agency in text, discourse that I term “agent talk.” I demonstrate the utility of this approach by analyzing how business organizations were discussed as agents during a key period of organizational development, the turn of the twentieth century. Analyzing articles from two of the leading national newspapers, the Wall Street Journal and New York Times, I examine agent talk in everyday business discourse. I find that agent talk generally increased over the early twentieth century, as organizations were depicted as active subjects in text and personified as speakers. Moreover, I find that this discourse was concentrated in social and legal semantic contexts: in particular, contexts relating to labor, regulation, and railroads. Finally, I show the uneven growth of this rhetoric over time, as organizations across different semantic arenas were personified as speakers. Overall, these results show how measures of discourse can provide a window into how and when audiences endow organizations with actorhood.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1634 - 1680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46933225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Strange to Normal: Computational Approaches to Examining Immigrant Incorporation Through Shifts in the Mainstream 从奇怪到正常:通过主流转变来检验移民融合的计算方法

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122596

Andrea Voyer, Zachary D. Kline, Madison Danton, Tatiana Volkova

{"title":"From Strange to Normal: Computational Approaches to Examining Immigrant Incorporation Through Shifts in the Mainstream","authors":"Andrea Voyer, Zachary D. Kline, Madison Danton, Tatiana Volkova","doi":"10.1177/00491241221122596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221122596","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a computational approach to examining immigrant incorporation through shifts in the social “mainstream.” Analyzing a historical corpus of American etiquette books, texts from 1922–2017 describing social norms, we identify mainstream shifts related to long-standing groups which once were and may currently still be seen as immigrant outsiders in the United States: Catholic, Chinese, Irish, Italian, Jewish, Mexican, and Muslim groups. The analysis takes a computational grounded theory approach, combining qualitative readings and computational text analyses. Using word embeddings, we operationalize the chosen groups as focal group concepts. We extract sections of text that are salient to the focal group concepts to create group-specific text corpora. Two computational approaches make it possible to examine mainstream shifts in these corpora. First, we use sentiment analysis to observe the positive sentiment in each corpus and its change over time. Second, we observe changes in each corpus's position on a semantic dimension represented by the poles of “strange” and “normal.” The results indicate mainstream shifts through increases in positive sentiment and movement from strange to normal over time for most of the group-specific corpora. These research techniques can be adapted to other studies of social sentiment and symbolic inclusion.","PeriodicalId":21849,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Methods & Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"1540 - 1579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparing Egocentric and Sociocentric Centrality Measures in Directed Networks 定向网络中自我中心与社会中心的中心性度量比较

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122606

Weihua An

引用次数: 0

A Sample Size Formula for Network Scale-up Studies 网络放大研究的样本量公式

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122576

Nathaniel Josephs, Dennis M. Feehan, Forrest W. Crawford

引用次数: 0

The Extended Computational Case Method: A Framework for Research Design 扩展计算案例法：研究设计的框架

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221122616

Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra, Prithviraj Pahwa

引用次数: 2

From Text Signals to Simulations: A Review and Complement to Text as Data by Grimmer, Roberts & Stewart (PUP 2022) 从文本信号到模拟:对作为数据的文本的回顾和补充，作者:Grimmer, Roberts & Stewart (PUP 2022)

IF 6.3 2区社会学

Sociological Methods & Research Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00491241221123086

James A. Evans

引用次数: 0