Spektrum der Augenheilkunde最新文献

{"title":"PEMILIHAN UMUM 2024 DAN WACANA TIGA PERIODE: PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI POLITIK","authors":"Harun Ni’am","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7941","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia will hold general elections in 2024. One of the issues related to the election that is being widely discussed is the three period discourse for President Joko Widodo (Jokowi). The constitution expressly prohibits this discourse. Jokowi has also on several occasions responded to this three-period discourse. However, the discourse has not stopped. One reason why this discourse has not stopped is the problem of political communication by Jokowi. This study uses the theory of Jay G. Blumler and M. Gurevitch which conveys four components in political communication, namely political institutions in the aspect of political communication, media institutions in the aspect of political communication, audience orientation and political cultural relevance. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: 2024 General Election, Three Period Discourse, Political Communication. \u0000 \u0000Abstrak \u0000Indonesia akan menyelenggarakan pemilihan umum tahun 2024. Salah satu isu terkait pemilu yang ramai diperbincangkan adalah wacana tiga periode untuk Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi). Konstitusi secara secara tegas melarang wacana ini. Jokowi pun dalam beberapa kali kesempatan merespon wacana tiga periode ini. Namun wacana itu tetap belum berhenti. Salah satu penyebab wacana ini belum berhenti adalah permasalahan komunikasi politik yang dilakukan Jokowi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Jay G. Blumler dan M. Gurevitch yang menyampaikan empat komponen dalam komunikasi politik, yaitu institusi-institusi politik dalam aspek komunikasi politik, institusi media dalam aspek komunikasi politik, orientasi khalayak dan relevansi budaya politik. \u0000 \u0000Kata Kunci : Pemilhan Umum 2024, Wacana Tiga Periode, Komunikasi Politik.","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86211769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NORMA INTERNASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI DI INDONESIA","authors":"Sugiarto Pramono, Diyana Rosyida Ulfa","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7945","url":null,"abstract":"One of the contemporary international problems faced by the Governments in the world is asylum seekers and refugees. As an archipelagic country located at the junction of two oceans and two continents, Indonesia is a target for asylum seekers and refugees worldwide. This is certainly a challenge for Jokowi's foreign policy. In this context, Presidential Regulation/ Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 125, 2016 concerning Handling of Foreign Refugees was issued. Through a qualitative descriptive method with data analysis techniques, this study came to the conclusion that the policy was issued due to at least two factors, namely: (1) as a temporary substitute for the 1951 and 1962 UN Conventions which had not been ratified; (2) The strengthening of international norms in the form of human rights. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: International Norms, Asylum Seekers, Refugees, Perpres No 125 Tahun 2016 \u0000 \u0000Abstraksi \u0000Salah satu masalah internasional kontemporer yang dihadapi Pemerintah Indonesia adalah Pencari Suaka dan Pengungsi. Sebagai negara kepulauan yang berada di persimpangan dua samudera dan dua benua, Indonesia menjadi sasaran pencari suaka dan pengungsi dunia. Hal itu tentu menjadi tantangan tersediri bagi kebijakan luar negeri Jokowi. Dalam konteks tersebut Peraturan Presiden 125 tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar diterbitkan. Melalui metode deskripstif kualitatif dengan teknik analisa data, penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan Perpres tersebut diterbitkan karena sedikitnya dua faktor, yaitu: (1) sebagai pengganti sementara Konvesi PBB 1951 dan 1962 yang belum diratifikasi; (2) Menguatnya norma internasional yang berupa hak asasi manusia. \u0000 \u0000Kata Kunci: Norma Internasional, Pencari Suaka, Pengungsi, Perpres No 125 tahun 2016","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76812468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BANGLADESH: A MIXED METHODOLOGY APPROACH","authors":"S. K. Datta","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7942","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran kewirausahaan perempuan dalam proses pemberdayaan perempuan di Chittagong, Bangladesh. Studi ini meneliti hubungan antara bisnis perempuan dan pemberdayaan sosial perempuan. Sebanyak 160 responden diwawancarai selama fase pengumpulan data pertama (80 ibu rumah tangga non-usaha dan 80 ibu rumah tangga perusahaan). Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian ini, kewirausahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan perempuan dalam menentukan pilihan dalam keluarganya, khususnya di rumah. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perempuan pengusaha memiliki kontrol yang lebih besar atas sumber daya dan aset mereka daripada non-pengusaha (ibu rumah tangga). Mereka juga memiliki lebih banyak mobilitas sosial, keterlibatan politik, dan suara di rumah dan kesehatan keluarga mereka daripada wanita yang tidak bekerja. Di sisi lain, perempuan yang tidak bekerja dalam bisnis memiliki pengetahuan dan kesadaran yang lebih sedikit tentang perubahan iklim, penanggulangan bencana, dan hak-hak perempuan dibandingkan mereka yang melakukannya. Menurut temuan penelitian, memiliki akses cepat ke pinjaman pembayaran dengan syarat dan ketentuan yang menguntungkan sangat penting untuk kesuksesan bisnis. Penelitian lebih lanjut harus dilakukan di Chittagong, Bangladesh, di mana pendapatan rumah tangga perempuan signifikan untuk pertumbuhan sosial dan ekonomi. \u0000 \u0000Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Pengusaha, Bangladesh, Pembangunan, Pengambilan Keputusan, SDGs. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Abstract \u0000This research aimed to examine the role of female entrepreneurship in the process of female empowerment in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The study examined the link between women's business and women's social empowerment. A total of 160 respondents were interviewed throughout the first data-gathering phase (80 non-enterprise homemakers and 80 enterprise housewives). According to the conclusions of this study, entrepreneurship has a significant influence on women's ability to make choices in their families, notably at home. Additionally, this study discovered that businesswomen had greater control over their resources and assets than non-businesswomen (homemakers). They also have more social mobility, political involvement, and a say in their home and family's health than women who do not work. On the other hand, women who do not work in the business have less knowledge and awareness about climate change, disaster management, and women's rights than those who do. According to the research findings, having rapid access to a pay loan with favourable terms and conditions is critical to a business's success. More research should be done in Chittagong, Bangladesh, where household women's income is significant for social and economic growth. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Empowerment, Entrepreneur, Bangladesh, Development, Decision Making, SDGs.","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84353465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRATEGI PENANGANAN KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA ; STUDI KASUS PENANGANAN ILLEGAL, UNREGULATED, AND UNREPORTED FISHING DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2014-2019","authors":"Ali Martin, Diajeng Sariah Santya","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v20i1.7946","url":null,"abstract":"Letak geografis Indonesia sangat strategis karena berada pada titik silang antara Samudera Hindia dan Pasifik. Selain itu posisi silang ini memberikan sebuah jalur strategis bagi pelayaran dunia dimana setiap pengiriman dari wilayah barat menuju timur dan sebaliknya akan melewati wilayah laut Indonesia. Hal ini dapat menjadi sebuah peluang ataupun tantangan. Jika tidak dikelola dengan baik akan mengakibatkan ancaman keamanan maritim semakin meningkat, seperti kasus-kasus IUU fishing, penyelundupan, dan perompakan. Lokasi rawan terjadinya IUU Fishing di Indonesia antara lain di wilayah Laut Natuna Utara,di perairan Maluku juga. Ancaman IUU Fishing tidak hanya mengarah pada fungsi pertahanan saja, akan tetapi menjadi ancaman terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. IUU Fishing mengancam industri perikanan yang menjadi sumber pekerjaan dan stok makanan dalam sektor perikanan. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia mengaplikasikan strategi maritim berupa kebijakan penenggelaman kapal dan meningkatkan fungsi pengawasan sebagai kontrol di wilayah maritim. Dan juga peran NGO dan juga Civil Society saling bersinergi untuk menanggulangi permasalahan IUU Fishing ini. \u0000 \u0000Kata Kunci: Keamanan maritim, IUU Fishing, NGO dan Civil Society \u0000 \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000 \u0000Indonesia's geographical location is very strategic because it is at the cross point between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In addition, this cross position provides a strategic path for world shipping where every shipment from the west to the east and vice versa will pass through the Indonesian sea area. It can be an opportunity or a challenge. If not properly managed, threats to marine security will increase, such as IUU fishing, contraband and piracy. Locations suitable for IUU fishing in Indonesia, among others, in the Natuna Sea area of the North, in the waters of Maluku as well. The threat of IUU fishing does not just lead to defence functions, but becomes a threat to the well-being of the community. IUU fishing threatens the fishing industry as a source of employment and food resources in the fishing industry. Therefore, Indonesia is implementing maritime strategies in the form of a wreckage policy and enhancing the surveillance function as a control in the maritime area. So too is the role of NGOs and civil society in overcoming the problem of IUU fishing. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Maritime Security, IUU Fishing, NGOs and Civil Society.","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74043178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation der postoperativen axialen Linsenposition und Refraktion einer hydrophoben einteiligen Intraokularlinse","authors":"Stefan Mihalics, M. Stattin, A. Graf, Stefan Kickinger, Reinhard Angermann, K. Krepler, S. Ansari-Shahrezaei","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00535-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00535-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46811407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained impact of COVID-19 on primary retinal detachment repair in a tertiary eye hospital from March to December 2020.","authors":"George Moussa,&nbsp;Muhammed Omar Qadir,&nbsp;Soon Wai Ch'ng,&nbsp;Kim Son Lett,&nbsp;Arijit Mitra,&nbsp;Ajai K Tyagi,&nbsp;Ash Sharma,&nbsp;Walter Andreatta","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00521-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00521-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the sustained effect of COVID-19 on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) baseline characteristics and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective consecutive case series at the Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre including patients undergoing primary RRD repair between 23 March and 31 December 2017-2019 (Group 1) and 2020 (Group 2). The deciles of indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) were determined by postcode to group patients into least deprived (IMD1-5) and most deprived (IMD6-10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total we reviewed 1310 patients, 1003 in Group 1 and 307 in Group 2. Relative to 2017-2019, during the first lockdown, we observed (a) a reduction in the number of patients with RRD, (b) an increase in macula-off detachments, (c) an increase in RRD primary failure, and (d) that the least deprived had proportionately higher primary failure than the most deprived (<i>p</i> = 0.049) with a higher detachment rate than the pre-COVID-19 period (<i>p</i> = 0.010) and increased presentations of macula-off detachment. During the second lockdown, these differences were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The previously observed findings of lower presentation rates of RRD during the beginning of the first lockdown and the decreased number of macula-on RRD were not sustained over a longer period of observation or found to recur after a second national lockdown. Patients from areas with the least socioeconomic deprivation seemed to be more negatively affected by the first lockdown, with later presentation and higher rates of re-detachments compared with the most deprived during the first lockdown. Our findings offer reassurance that patient behaviour and health services had adapted to the pandemic by the second national lockdown.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version of this article (10.1007/s00717-022-00521-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9127495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10655235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"63. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s00717-023-00539-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-023-00539-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 2-3","pages":"29-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10119528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9411303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ILM peeling with ILM flap transposition vs. classic ILM peeling for small and medium macula holes-a prospective randomized trial.","authors":"Christoph Leisser,&nbsp;Manuel Ruiss,&nbsp;Caroline Pilwachs,&nbsp;Oliver Findl","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00515-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00515-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare macular hole closure rates of patients with small and medium-sized macular holes who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling combined with ILM flap transposition over the macular hole, compared with classic ILM peeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective randomized trial was designed as a pilot study with two groups: ILM peeling with ILM flap transposition over the macular hole vs. classic ILM peeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 20 patients recruited, complete analysis could be performed for 16 patients. The macular hole closure rates were 100% in both groups, without significant differences with respect to postsurgical subfoveal hyporeflective zones (<i>p</i> = 1.0, Fisher's exact test), postsurgical visual acuity (<i>p</i> = 0.7, <i>t</i>-test), and postsurgical irregularities of the ellipsoid zone (<i>p</i> = 1.0, Fisher's exact test).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitrectomy with ILM peeling combined with ILM flap transposition over the macular hole and classic ILM peeling are both successful methods for the repair of macular holes of small and medium size and are associated with comparable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10655203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal biomechanical assessment via ocular response analyzer following intravitreal aflibercept therapy","authors":"B. Gunay, Cenap Mahmut Esenulku","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00534-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00534-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of macular hole indices for vitrectomy with ILM peeling combined with ILM flap transposition over the macular hole on macular hole closure","authors":"C. Leisser, O. Findl","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00530-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00530-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}