Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Physical Modeling of Ice Cover Deformation Under the Action of a Moving Load at Low Speed","authors":"V. Zuev, E. M. Gramuzov, A. Kurkin, Y. Dvoichenko, A. Sebin","doi":"10.59887/fpg/mkmg-68r8-4h6v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/mkmg-68r8-4h6v","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper considers the possibility of physical modeling of ice cover deformation under the action of a moving load at low speed. Using an equation for elastic plate oscillations on the foundation of a hydraulic type, it is shown that similarity of a stress and strain state (SSS) of model ice can be achieved but within the scope of the approaches based on a classical theory of Nogid-Shimansky modeling of ice cover. Taking into account certain complications connected with practical implementation of the above method, the applicability of a reduced-thickness ice model developed at NNSTU is investigated. This model uses the ice thickness that intentionally does not comply with the similarity requirements, all other requirements being satisfied, thus providing incomplete similarity of the model. Some disagreements with a Nogid-Shimansky model connected with that are revealed and their influence on the end result is evaluated. The applicability of a thin ice model is investigated in natural cooled model tanks of classical shape used for modeling of load movement at low speed. The results of the experimental investigation of ice cover deformation under the action of a moving load using a model for the natural thin ice are given. The modification of a wave shape and maximum ice deflection depending on change of a movement speed and loading are investigated. The connection of decrease of a ratio of the deflection basin profile area to the outward ice bending profile in front of a moving load with increase of speed at the start of the movement is demonstrated, which can be an evidence of a sharp growth of energy expenses for ice cover deformation when the interaction between the technical facility and ice cannot be considered as quasistatic. An exact evaluation of such expenditures is crucial when designing the ice-breaking facilities clearing a path through floe ice.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125600879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Seasonal Hydrodynamic Regime in the Sevastopol Bay and of Assessment of the Self-Purification Capacity of its Ecosystem","authors":"Е. Sovga, I. Mezentseva, T. Khmara","doi":"10.59887/fpg/92ge-ahz6-n2pt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/92ge-ahz6-n2pt","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical experiments were carried out to assess the hydrodynamic regime of the eastern part of the Sevastopol Bay, subject to the Chernaya River runoff (high- and low-water periods) and the Yuzhnaya Bay, subject to the technogenic load using the hydrothermodynamic block of the numerical three-dimensional unsteady model MECCA (Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment).The simulated hydrodynamic parameters of the selected parts of the Sevastopol Bay were used to analyze the self-purification capacity of their water bodies by calculating the assimilation capacity for inorganic phosphorus. Phosphates suggested as a priority pollutant in municipal and storm runoffs in the water area of the bay and a determining factor of its in the bay eutrophication. At the same time, to neutralize the differences in the water volumes of the studied water areas when calculating the self-purification ability, estimates of the specific assimilation capacity of their ecosystems were obtained.According to the simulations for the eastern apex part of the bay during high-water period, the water circulation in the surface layer contributes to the spread of pollutants throughout the entire water area of the bay. During the low-water period in the eastern part of the bay, currents prevail, directed towards the Chernaya River mouth in the surface and in the bottom water layer both in the northwestern and western wind directions. It contributes to pollutant accumulation in this part of the bay, thus reducing ability to self-purification.Possible reasons for the low self-purification capacity of the ecosystem of the eastern part of the Sevastopol Bay with respect to inorganic phosphorus are analyzed, which are associated both with the volumes of incoming Chernaya River waters during winter high- and summer low-water periods, as well as with the features of the morphometric structure of the water area bottom.For the Yuzhnaya Bay water area, the hydrodynamic regime is defined by a difficult water exchange with the main water area. Ventilation of the waters of the Yuzhnaya Bay is mainly determined by the wind regime, as a result of which the waters are either trapped in the bay or carried out of it, which undoubtedly affects the self-purification capacity of its ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Turbulent Vortex Dynamo Theory for Early Diagnostics of the Tropical Cyclone Genesis","authors":"©. G. V. Levina, Левина Г.В Levina","doi":"10.59887/fpg/vaxg-xdmv-11pn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/vaxg-xdmv-11pn","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change is becoming more and more obvious, which leads to an increase in the number of intense atmospheric vortices (tropical and quasi-tropical cyclones, polar hurricanes, tornadoes) and an expansion of the geographical and seasonal limits of their occurrence. A recent example was the quasi-tropical cyclone in the Black Sea on August 11–16, 2021. Under these conditions, the accurate diagnosis of cyclogenesis is extremely important and, based on it, the forecast of further evolution and the trajectory of the forming vortex. The main source of energy for tropical, quasi-tropical and polar hurricanes is thermal convection caused by significant temperature differences between the atmospheric layer and the underlying water surface. This allows us to propose a unified approach for the diagnosis of cyclogenesis in all three cases.For the first time, an original approach is proposed for determining the exact time of the onset of tropical cyclogenesis. This approach includes a combined analysis of satellite images of cloudiness and the corresponding data of cloud-resolving numerical modeling for the region of developing vortex disturbance. The theoretical basis is the fundamental hypothesis of a turbulent vortex dynamo. The theory provides quantitative criteria that determine the excitation of large-scale vortex instability in the atmosphere. Atmospheric numerical modeling makes it possible to accurately determine the moment of time at which the necessary conditions for the onset of instability are realized. This moment is interpreted as the beginning of cyclogenesis. The specific configurations of vortical cloud convection found in the work, which correspond to the initial stage of cyclogenesis, can be used in operational meteorological diagnostics when analyzing satellite images of cloudiness. The approach is illustrated by the example of diagnostics of tropical cyclogenesis.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121995454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beijing — Port-Arthur — Vladivostok: Organization of the Academy of Sciences’ Magnetic and Meteorological Observatories in the Far East in the 19th–Early 20th Сenturies","authors":"T. Feklova","doi":"10.59887/fpg/e9d4-ferg-mfxp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/e9d4-ferg-mfxp","url":null,"abstract":"The professional tool’s investigations of climate in the world began relatively recently. Since the second half of the XIX century Russia was one of the meteorological investigation’s leaders. Study of the history of meteorology in the Russian Far East and in China, systematization, and analysis of research results would be a great contribution to a better understanding of the importance of Russian research in the development of meteorology. The article discusses about the background of the creation of the observatory in Vladivostok. The author analyzed the chain of political and scientific decisions about the transfer of the magnetic and meteorological observatory of the Academy of Sciences from Beijing, through the plans of the creation an observatory in Port Arthur to the construction of an observatory in Vladivostok. In addition, the observatory’s budget and plans for its equipment are considered. Such materials are usually not the subject of close attention of researchers. In the historiography lacks an investigation about the role of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the development of a network of magnetic meteorological stations and observatories in the Russian Far East and in adjacent territories (Korea, China). The author introduced into scientific circulation new archival data from the Russian State Archive of the Navy and the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131619193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Climatic Change Research in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas Based on Numerical Simulation","authors":"D. Iakshina, E. Golubeva","doi":"10.59887/fpg/zkvg-71uu-xk44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/zkvg-71uu-xk44","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses climatic changes in the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea based on numerical modeling using a regional ice-ocean model. Numerical experiments were carried out for the period 2000–2019. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were used to determine the ocean and sea ice surface fluxes. The temperature, salinity, and transport of Pacific waters entering the Arctic Ocean were specified as boundary conditions in the Bering Strait. Three types of boundary values were used for the experiments: a) monthly average climate data averaged over the period 1990–2003; b) monthly average climate data averaged over the period 2003–2015; c) average monthly measurement data since 2016 to 2019. The sensitivity of the model to the variability of the transport and temperature of the incoming Pacific waters was studied, and the effect on the ocean heat content, the volume and sea ice extent was analyzed.Numerical experiments simulate the transport of warm Pacific water across the Chukchi shelf in the north direction and onto the Beaufort Sea shelf, the process of warm water sinking on the continental slope in the autumn-winter period. In recent years, at the points on the boundary of the shelf and deep-water areas, the amplitude of seasonal temperature fluctuations in the surfacelayer increases and the temperature rises significantly at a depth of 100 m.The simulation results demonstrate an increase in the ocean heat content and decrease in the ice volume in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, caused by an increase in atmospheric temperature. We also showed that the increase in temperature and transport of the Pacific water, which began after 2003, contributed to an additional increase in the ocean heat content of both seas, a reduction in the ice cover area, and a delay in the ice formation in the Chukchi Sea.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115217027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Hindcast of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Biogeochemical Dynamics in Lake Onego Ecosystem, 1985–2015. Part I: Long-Term Dynamics and Spatial Distribution","authors":"A. Isaev, O. Savchuk, N. Filatov","doi":"10.59887/fpg/e1m2-63b5-rhvg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/e1m2-63b5-rhvg","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a wide-ranging research, there is almost no information regarding the major biogeochemical fluxes that could characterize the past and present state of the European Lake Onego ecosystem and be used for reliable prognostic estimates of its future. To enable such capacity, we adapted and implemented a three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamical biogeochemical model of the nutrient cycles in Lake Onego. The model was used to reconstruct three decades of Lake Onego ecosystem dynamics with daily resolution on a 2 × 2 km grid. A comparison with available information from Lake Onego and other large boreal lakes proves that this hindcast is plausible enough to be used as a form of reanalysis. This model will be used as a form of studies of Lake Onego ecosystem, including long-term projections of ecosystem evolution under different scenarios of climate change and socio-economic development.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133161426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The model of radar observation of the surface vibration waves generated by earthquake source (ground vibrator)","authors":"I. O. Karpov, S. Pereslegin","doi":"10.59887/fpg/naz1-x7da-r4gn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/naz1-x7da-r4gn","url":null,"abstract":"This research article is continuation case study based on a model of radar monitoring of vibration waves occurring on the sea surface near the source of a bottom earthquake. The vibration wave is generated parametrically, has near (hydrodynamic) and far (sound) components. The amplitude of the near (generating) wave depends on the bottom vibrator parameters and the depth of the bottom, the far wave propagates in the waveguide formed by the surface and the flat bottom. The vibrator will be installed at a shallow depth (30 m) and the modern aircraft radar will be used to create amplitude and velocity radar images during the experiment. The length of the generated vibration wave will be ~1.5 cm, which corresponds to the frequency of the generating wave ~30 Hz and the “resonant” wave of the radar with a length of ~3 cm (radar X-band). The possibility of monitoring vibration waves in the amplitude and velocity channels of the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) in L, P and UHF-bands is estimated. Also, the expected view of the SAR images is shown. Calculations of the necessary parameters of the aircraft radar are provided, including algorithms for processing the initial signal when creating amplitude and velocity radar images of vibration waves.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123850453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The floods of the Neva, XVIII century”. Database","authors":"T. I. Malova","doi":"10.59887/fpg/g66z-rp28-gmr9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/g66z-rp28-gmr9","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of systematizing information about the historical floods of the Neva seems to be extremely urgent today. The construction of predictive models, the feasibility of building new hydraulic structures, planning of engineering, economic, environmental, social and cultural activities are impossible without a comprehensive analysis of information about floods. The official catalogs available to researchers, unfortunately, are not informative enough and are full of distortions. Working with a large array of numerical values characterizing the flood heights of the Neva of different eras, the inconsistency of these values, even within the framework of individual events, the importance of clarifying them in order to preserve all information aspects — all this led to the need to form the Database of floods. The main task of its creation is information support of research related to the restoration of distorted rows (or individual historical floods of the Neva).","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"98 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125023121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled modelling of wind waves and wave boundary layer","authors":"K. V. Fokina, К. Y. Bulgakov","doi":"10.59887/fpg/4pg1-agtu-u56k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/4pg1-agtu-u56k","url":null,"abstract":"The coupled wind-wave model is considered. The model includes two components: the 1-D wave boundary layer model and the 2-D wave model. The coupled model is used in two versions: in the presence and the absence of the wave produced momentum flux. A series of experiments was performed for different external parameters: wind speed at the upper boundary of the wave boundary layer and the inverse wave age. The vertical profiles of wind velocity, turbulent and wave produced momentum fluxes were studied and compared to the results obtained from the wave boundary layer model. The comparison showed that the results of coupled modeling coincide exactly with the results from the wave boundary layer model in the case of fully developed waves and differ significantly if developing waves are considered. It is demonstrated that wave produced momentum flux produces considerable deviations of the wind velocity profile in the lower part of the wave boundary layer from the logarithmic profile.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126253907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the transition of temperature regime of the White Sea Region to a new phase state","authors":"I. Serykh, A. Kostianoy, S. Lebedev, E. Kostianaia","doi":"10.59887/fpg/k9x4-p8fz-5kz6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/k9x4-p8fz-5kz6","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in near surface air temperature (SAT) and vorticity of the wind speed field of the White Sea and the territory of the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions and the Republic of Karelia are investigated. We analyzed the monthly average NCEP/ NCAR reanalysis data for the period 1950–2020. The average surface air temperature growth estimated using a linear trend was +0.240C/10 years. Against the background of this linear growth, significant interdecadal changes in surface air temperature are observed. The following periods are highlighted: the strengthening of the continentality of the climate (1950–1976), a more maritime climate (1977–1998), and the rapid growth of surface air temperature (1999–2020). The transition from a period of increasing continentality of the climate to a period of a more maritime climate is associated with an increase in the influence of the North Atlantic on the region under study. A hypothesis has been put forward that the period of rapid growth of surface air temperature is caused by the transition of the climatic system of the western part of the Russian Arctic into a new phase state. The observed warming in the Arctic has caused a reduction in sea ice, which has led to an increase in solar energy absorption by the surface of the Barents and White Seas.","PeriodicalId":218146,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122980905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}