Sexual medicine reviews最新文献

{"title":"Sexual dysfunction in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Chia-Wen Hsu, Jian Tao Lee, Malcolm Koo","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting the exocrine glands, which can adversely affect the sexual activities of women with pSS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study sought to evaluate the performance of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score in women with pSS regarding desire, arousal, orgasm, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain compared with those of healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted by examining studies published up to May 2023 using Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed with the search terms \"sexual\" and \"Sjögren's syndrome.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 228 articles retrieved, 9 met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Six of these studies were cross-sectional, involving 229 women with pSS and 303 control subjects. Results from the meta-analysis showed that women with pSS had significantly lower scores in all 6 FSFI subdomains and the total FSFI score compared with healthy individuals. Lubrication showed the largest decrease, followed by pain. In addition, women with pSS exhibited significantly higher standardized mean differences in depression and in anxiety, as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, when compared with control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This updated meta-analysis underscores the importance of assessing genitourinary atrophy, disease-related psychological changes, and dyspareunia in women with pSS. It also emphasizes the need for customized therapeutic approaches to address these sexual dysfunctions effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140120657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top 50 most cited articles about female sexual dysfunction: a bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Susan Gong, Samuel Yim, Abdo Kabarriti","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) consists of low libido, sexual arousal problems, anorgasmia, and dyspareunia. Sexual function is an important aspect of life for many women and is closely correlated with overall well-being. FSD is often underrepresented in the academic space when compared with male sexual disorders, such as erectile dysfunction. As FSD spans many fields (eg, urology, gynecology, psychology), bibliometric analyses are an important resource to highlight landmark articles.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify key articles about FSD by citation number and bibliometric analysis to facilitate future scholarly efforts into more FSD research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for articles in the Web of Science Core Collection between 1900 and 2023 using terms specific to FSD. We identified relevant FSD articles and selected the top 50 most cited. A bibliometric analysis was performed to collect and analyze data about title, authorship, publication year, citation number, journal and impact factor, country and institution, study type, citation index, specialty, and conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An overall 6858 results were identified. The top 50 most cited articles were published between 1997 and 2014 in 12 countries, across 32 institutions, and in 20 journals. The United States produced the most articles. The Journal of Sexual Medicine published the most articles. The mean number of citations per article was 351.64. Observational studies were most common. More than half were sponsored. Of all the specialties, most articles were categorized as urology and nephrology. Research about FSD has been much less impactful than research about male sexual dysfunction, possibly owing to stigma and decreased clinical training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As FSD covers many fields, bibliometric analyses are invaluable to understand the vast body of knowledge. We hope that this research emphasizes the lack of attention that FSD has had and that it provides health care professionals with a valuable tool to understand the trajectory of FSD to guide future education efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140140846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Lucio Dell'Atti","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Erectile dysfunction (ED) and kidney dysfunction share common risk factors linked to conditions involving endothelial impairment, such as coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and obesity. Men with chronic kidney disease experience a high incidence and prevalence of ED. While a functional renal graft can alleviate the issue for some patients, a significant portion of recipients still experience ED (20%-50%).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This narrative review describes the variety of current treatments modalities on ED in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and their clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to find eligible articles pertaining to the treatment options of ED in KTRs. A total of 64 articles were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In KTRs, ED stems from a multifaceted etiology: anxiety, drug side effects, interference with penile vascularity, or the response of cavernosal muscle to neurotransmitters, along with changes in the endocrine milieu. A diverse range of treatments to restore erectile function has proven to be safe and effective for KTRs. Options include drug therapy, surgical interventions, intracavernosal injection therapies, vacuum erection devices, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The initial treatment approach may involve the use of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors at a low dosage, especially if testosterone-circulating levels align with the diagnosis of hypogonadism. The consideration of a combination therapy involving testosterone and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors should be contemplated due to the associated beneficial effects. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy has shown positive short-term clinical and physiological effects on erectile function in patients who did not respond to first-line treatments, resulting in spontaneous erections sufficient for sexual penetration in 50% of cases. Penile implants should be considered as third-line options based on specific patient needs and compliance with clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling silenced narratives: a scoping review on sexual function challenges in migrant and refugee women.","authors":"Negin Mirzaei Damabi, Mumtaz Begum, Jodie C Avery, Zahra Ali Padhani, Zohra S Lassi","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Of the approximately 281 million international migrants and 35.3 million refugees around the world, almost half are women. These individuals experience significant stress due to language barriers, financial difficulties, poor living and working conditions, and discrimination. Consequently, concerns related to sexuality may receive lower priority despite their significant impact on overall well-being.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review aims to review the sexual function of migrant and refugee women and identify any knowledge gaps in the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). We searched online databases-Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane-and gray literature, with no restrictions on year of publication, language, or study design. Utilizing Covidence software, 2 authors screened and extracted data from studies based on predetermined eligibility criteria. A thematic analysis was executed, and findings were reported descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, we identified 5615 studies; after screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, we ultimately included 12 studies. The review identified a limited body of research with various unvalidated tools. Moreover, these studies yielded heterogeneous results: migrant women reported less sexual knowledge, experience, and liberal attitudes, resulting in lower rates of desire and arousal as compared with nonmigrants. Some studies showed lower sexual function in migrants, while others found no significant differences between migrants and nonmigrants. The assimilation into Western cultures may influence migrants' sexual attitudes and behaviors. Factors such as education and gender role ideology can also significantly affect sexual function among migrant populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review underscores the limitations in previous sexual function research, emphasizing the need for a more inclusive approach. It also offers valuable insights for codesigning programs to address sexual dysfunction among migrant and refugee women, improving their well-being. Future research should prioritize neglected populations and create culturally sensitive interventions to reduce sexual health disparities in migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of published studies on virtual reality in sexuality research.","authors":"João Miguel Marques, Caio Petrus Monteiro Figueiredo, Marco D T Scanavino","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) technology contributes to greater approach of methodological safety to make ecological validity more feasible and a growing interest in sexuality behaviors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to show VR in the sexuality area by a comprehensive review of outcomes, offer a synthesis of the studies, and make a methodological quality assessment of finding results. A secondary goal was to investigate the effect of immersion on diverse sexual responses outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a review based on a systematic review strategy describing types of studies, participants, data collection and outcomes; searched in 4 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and SciELO), and made a full-text screening process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found 18 articles that met research criteria synthesized within 3 outcome groups: erection measures, level of immersion, and biomarker studies. Synthesis shows a lack of methodological aspects that impair results, such as description of methods from bias protection, randomization, or concealment. The literature still needs to improve its methodology, even though it already shows relevant data for intervention in sexual dysfunction, forensic psychiatry, sexual attraction, orientation, and use of pornography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current methodological issues need better design to highlight relevant issues in sexuality with stronger quality of design, opening boundaries to new diagnostic or interventional technologies to sexual health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic injuries to reservoirs of inflatable penile prosthesis during urologic surgery: a scoping review and case report.","authors":"Priyanka Achalu, Michael Okene, Hossein Mirheydar","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>First-line treatment options for patients with erectile dysfunction whose medical management has failed include the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Many patients with an IPP require subsequent urologic surgery, during which the reservoir of the IPP can be injured.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to present a summary of current literature related to iatrogenic injuries to the IPP sustained during urologic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two reviewers independently performed a systematic search on PubMed using standardized search terms to identify pertinent articles. After preliminary review, relevant studies were analyzed to identify the presence of perioperative complications resulting in IPP reservoir injury. Results were categorized by surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 13 articles included, all were based on urologic surgery. Four studies identified IPP reservoir injury as a result of surgical injury. Of these, injuries occurred during radical prostatectomy (n = 3) and prostatic urethral lift surgery (UroLift, n = 1). Most radical prostatectomy studies without IPP reservoir injuries also described intentional surgical techniques that were employed to prevent reservoir damage, including modulation of reservoir inflation-deflation (n = 3), temporary reservoir repositioning (n = 1), or reservoir capsule dissection to improve visualization (n = 1). Findings from an additional novel case report on IPP injury during a UroLift procedure are presented in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately one-third of studies identified intraoperative IPP reservoir injury as a significant complication of urologic surgery, particularly during radical prostatectomy. Novel case report findings also contribute the only other case of IPP reservoir damage sustained from delivery of UroLift implants. Findings are used to create a standardized surgical checklist that guides perioperative planning measures prior to pursuing surgery in adjacent spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective.","authors":"Peer Briken, Beáta Bőthe, Joana Carvalho, Eli Coleman, Annamaria Giraldi, Shane W Kraus, Michał Lew-Starowicz, James G Pfaus","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The addition of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) into the ICD-11 chapter on mental, behavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders has greatly stimulated research and controversy around compulsive sexual behavior, or what has been termed \"hypersexual disorder,\" \"sexual addiction,\" \"porn addiction,\" \"sexual compulsivity,\" and \"out-of-control sexual behavior.\"</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify where concerns exist from the perspective of sexual medicine and what can be done to resolve them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scientific review committee convened by the International Society for Sexual Medicine reviewed pertinent literature and discussed clinical research and experience related to CSBD diagnoses and misdiagnoses, pathologizing nonheteronormative sexual behavior, basic research on potential underlying causes of CSBD, its relationship to paraphilic disorder, and its potential sexual health consequences. The panel used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus on these issues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSBD was differentiated from other sexual activity on the basis of the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, and issues regarding sexual medicine and sexual health were identified. Concerns were raised about self-labeling processes, attitudes hostile to sexual pleasure, pathologizing of nonheteronormative sexual behavior and high sexual desire, mixing of normative attitudes with clinical distress, and the belief that masturbation and pornography use represent \"unhealthy\" sexual behavior. A guide to CSBD case formulation and care/treatment recommendations was proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical sexologic and sexual medicine expertise for the diagnosis and treatment of CSBD in the psychiatric-psychotherapeutic context is imperative to differentiate and understand the determinants and impact of CSBD and related \"out-of-control sexual behaviors\" on mental and sexual well-being, to detect forensically relevant and nonrelevant forms, and to refine best practices in care and treatment. Evidence-based, sexual medicine-informed therapies should be offered to achieve a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From couplepause to doublepause: the impact of midlife physical, psychological, and social changes on the sexual life of aging couples.","authors":"Annamaria Giraldi, Rossella E Nappi, Santiago Palacios, Yacov Reisman, Emmanuele A Jannini","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Midlife men and women are facing frequent sexual problems that affect not only individuals' sexual health but also the sexual health of aging couples.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review the main sexual life challenges faced by midlife couples, to present the concepts of couplepause and doublepause as 2 new paradigms to address the sexual health needs of aging couples, and to discuss key aspects in couple-focused care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online meeting attended by 5 European experts in sexual health was carried out in June 2023 to discuss the topic. The conversation centered on their clinical experience and expert opinion. Additionally, the indexed literature was reviewed to endorse and complement the expert opinions obtained in the aforementioned meeting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Midlife men and women face physical, psychological, and sociocultural changes that affect their sexual activity. These changes may be experienced differently between genders. Both members of a couple may experience age-related changes concurrently or in an unsynchronized manner affecting their sexual health. Communication, sharing expectations, defining sexual dynamics, and couple goals are determinant for the sexual health of a midlife couple. Couplepause and doublepause are 2 new complementary paradigms that effectively address the sexual health needs of aging couples as a unit, considering physical, psychological, cultural, social, and dyadic-related factors. Couple-centered strategies should promote open communication about couple intimacy issues, understanding the diverse expectations according to gender and orientation, communication styles, and goals. The following are identified as crucial aspects to promote couple-focused care: education and training of health care professionals, the provision of information to aging couples, physician involvement in addressing sexual problems, the need for collaboration across medical specialties, and the development of effective tools and strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sexual problems of aging couples should be managed following couple-centered strategies that effectively address their sexual health needs as a couple.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140185627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual effects of commonly used recreational psychostimulants in women and the female rat model.","authors":"Maggie N Mott, Nicholas E Goeders","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recreational psychostimulants have been associated with increased sexual activity or changes in sexual function in women, but every drug in this class has not shown consistent sexual effects in scientific studies. Further, some studies in female animal models may recapitulate the effects observed in humans, while others produce conflicting results. Overall, though, published studies on the sexual effects of recreational stimulants in women are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this manuscript was to review the published sexual effects of prominent recreational psychostimulants in women and in the female rat model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature searches for \"any years\" were performed through PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords for the searches included \"amphetamine,\" \"methamphetamine,\" \"MDMA,\" \"ecstasy,\" \"3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,\" \"cocaine,\" \"caffeine,\" \"sex,\" \"sexual,\" \"female,\" and \"women.\" Studies in humans and using animal models were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older studies have shown that amphetamine produces a positive sexual effect in women, but often the sample size was too small to draw generalizable conclusions. Methamphetamine also has a positive effect on several sexual domains in women, as well as on vaginal lubrication. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine may have a negative or positive effect on sexual activity, but often enhances the sensual aspects of sex. Though low doses of cocaine may heighten the sexual experience, most women who use cocaine experience negative sexual effects. Caffeine has been shown to enhance a physiological measure of arousal, vaginal blood flow, but based on our searches, no studies have investigated the subjective sexual effects of the drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different recreational psychostimulants produce varying effects on sexual behavior and responses in women and female animal models, but more research is needed to understand these effects better.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labia minora hypertrophy: pathologizing diversity?","authors":"Sara Perelmuter","doi":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/sxmrev/qeae027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Labia minora hypertrophy can be characterized by the labial tissue extending beyond the labia majora; however, the exact definition of hypertrophy is a matter of debate. While the prevalence of labia hypertrophy is very common among women, taboo/controversial attitudes and surgical interventions still dominate. The recognition and study of labia minora hypertrophy will increase our knowledge of this underrepresented anatomic diversity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide a report of the current literature on labia hypertrophy and discuss the definition, etiology, attitudes, management, and medicalization surrounding labia minora hypertrophy and the implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive review of literature pertaining to labia minora hypertrophy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Labia minora appearance and measurements vary extensively, and hypertrophy is extremely prevalent in the population and largely nonpathologic. There remains a lack of standardized criteria to define labia hypertrophy. Attitudes surrounding labia hypertrophy differ globally, but in Western nations the overwhelming sentiment toward labia hypertrophy has largely been medicalized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Negative attitudes and unnecessary medicalization of nonpathologic instances of labia hypertrophy is unjustifiable and comes with potential risks. There remains an impending need to demedicalize nonpathologic elongated labia, educate the public on diverse genital appearance, and improve understanding of the long-term outcomes and risks of genital cosmetic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21813,"journal":{"name":"Sexual medicine reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}