Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Urine-normetanephrine, a predictor of mortality risk in patients with adrenal adenomas.","authors":"Albin Kjellbom, Magnus Löndahl, Malin Danielsson, Henrik Olsen, Ola Lindgren","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94951-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94951-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urine-metanephrines are used in the screening for pheochromocytomas in patients with adrenal incidentalomas, but their potential as markers for mortality in patients with adrenal adenomas has not been studied. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate if urine-metanephrines were associated with mortality in patients with adrenal adenomas. Participants where consecutively included between 2005 and 2015 at two endocrine centres in southern Sweden and followed until December 31st, 2022. The exposures were 24 h-urine (tU) metanephrine and normetanephrine analysed at inclusion. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. Outcome data were obtained from the Cause of Death Register. 879 adult (≥ 18 years) patients with an incidentally discovered adrenal adenoma were included in the study and followed for a median of 9.9 years. Median age of patients was 66.7 years, and 59.6% were women. 278 patients died during follow-up. tU-normetanephrine was associated with increased mortality, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.47 (95% CI, 1.27-1.69) (HR for an increase of 100 μmol/mol creatinine). There was no significant association between tU-metanephrine and mortality, HR 0.96 (0.64-1.43). tU-normetanephrine seems to be a predictor for mortality in patients with adrenal adenomas. This widely available diagnostic test may be helpful in further risk-stratifying patients with adrenal adenomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the digital clock drawing test with amyloid and tau PET biomarkers in low age risk adults.","authors":"Huitong Ding, Chenglin Lyu, Cody Karjadi, Preeti Sunderaraman, Christina B Young, Elizabeth C Mormino, Spencer Low, Sherral Devine, Katherine Gifford, Rhoda Au, Honghuang Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95852-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95852-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although brain amyloid and tau deposition measured by PET scans are established as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they can emerge decades before symptoms are detectable on traditional neuropsychological (NP) tests. There is a pressing need for early AD detection tools that are more accessible, cost-effective, and non-invasive. The digital clock drawing test (dCDT), a digital version of the clock drawing test, has emerged as a promising cognitive assessment tool that takes minutes to administer and can reveal clinical symptoms earlier than paper-pencil NP tests. This study explored the association between 53 dCDT measures and amyloid and tau PET biomarkers using data from 87 low age risk participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Our findings revealed a significant association between a dCDT measure related to spatial reasoning function and global amyloid burden (P < 0.05), and 4 dCDT measures correlated with tau accumulation after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Notably, the combination of demographic variables and a composite dCDT score achieved a mean area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.86 in detecting amyloid positivity. These results highlight the potential of dCDT measures as effective predictors of amyloid and tau pathology in preclinical AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of recycled concrete powder, clay brick powder, and volcanic pumice powder in sustainable geopolymer concrete.","authors":"Ahmed M Tahwia, Mohamed Abdellatief, Aml Salah, Osama Youssf","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-93598-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93598-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of recycled powder as a binder in geopolymer concrete (GPC) represents a promising approach to reducing construction waste and promoting the production of sustainable materials. This study examines the impact of recycled concrete powder (RCP), clay brick powder (CBP), and volcanic pumice powder (VPP) on the mechanical, durability, and thermal properties of GPC with fly ash and slag under water curing. Key mechanical properties, including compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, were evaluated, while durability was assessed through water absorption, water penetration, and resistance to sulfate and acid attacks. The thermal performance was tested by exposing the samples to elevated temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. Results demonstrated that incorporating 25% RCP enhanced CS by 14.88% at 28 days compared to the control mixture, although higher replacement levels (50% and 75%) led to reduced CS due to increased porosity. Similarly, CBP at 25% substitution resulted in a 21.12% increase in CS, with declines observed at higher replacement levels. Conversely, VPP at 25% substitution decreased CS by 8.68% at 28 days, with further significant reductions at higher levels due to its high porosity. Sulfate resistance testing in a 5% MgSO₄ solution showed minimal mass loss for CBP mixtures (0.3-1.2%) and moderate CS reductions (5.7-29.6%). RCP mixtures exhibited low mass loss (0.3-1.7%) and CS reductions (8.7-15.8%), while VPP mixtures experienced the highest mass losses (1.36-3.4%) and CS reductions (20.5-31.3%). SEM analysis revealed that RCP and CBP mixtures exhibited denser microstructures, which contributed to their enhanced durability and thermal stability. Generally, optimizing the replacement levels of RCP, CBP, and VPP improves the durability, pore structure, and mechanical performance of GPC. Among the materials, CBP demonstrated superior resistance in acidic environments, while RCP excelled in thermal stability, demonstrating their potential for producing sustainable and durable geopolymer concrete.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationships between macrophyte groups and environmental conditions in lake ecosystems.","authors":"Monika Różańska-Boczula, Joanna Sender","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-80553-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80553-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents research on the possibility of using lake macrophytes to create diagnostic and classification tools for trophically and morphologically diverse lakes. The diagnostic role of macrophytes was determined on the basis of the spatial and functional interrelationships of the various macrophyte groups, which include emergent, submerged, and floating species. In addition, an effort was made to reveal the morphometric features of the lakes that significantly affect the development of the distinguished macrophyte groups. The research was carried out comprehensively in the lakes of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District, a unique natural area due to the richness of hydrogenic areas. The lakes in the area are undergoing constant and rapid changes (despite the introduction of various forms of protection), which is reflected in the decreasing number of lakes and their eutrophication. Moreover, stoneworts, which are indicators of clean water, are disappearing from the lakes. The presence of specific groups of macrophytes led to the classification of these lakes as ecologically stable, meaning they are resistant to change and sustainable over time. The depth and surface area of the lakes were identified as the key morphometric features that most significantly influence the growth of macrophytes in eutrophic lakes, which were the most abundant in the study area. By analysing the consistent characteristics of macrophytes and lakes, four distinct classes were identified: emergent macrophyte dominated lakes, submerged macrophyte dominated lakes, low macrophyte density lakes, high macrophyte density lakes. The proposed classification can serve as a diagnostic framework for lakes, helping to identify them and improve our understanding of the changes occurring within these ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study on coal based solid waste as a soil additive.","authors":"Nan Guo, Lu Bai, Yingming Yang, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-88227-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88227-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coal resources are extensive exploitation and utilization. As a result, a large amount of coal based solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, and coal gasification slag was generated. These coal based solid wastes piled up indiscriminately will occupy land and pollute the ecological environment. Turning waste into treasure is an important way to dispose of these solid wastes. This study explored the feasibility of using coal gangue, fly ash and coal gasification slag as additives to improve the soil in mining areas. Conduct experimental verification of materials using physical and chemical methods. The research results indicate that coal gangue, fly ash, and coal gasification slag can be used as soil additives. Adding low content additives to the soil, such as a mixed matrix of 4% coal gangue, 2% fly ash, and 1% coal gasification slag, is superior to soil nutrients and can be used as an environmentally friendly matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GA BP prediction model for energy consumption of steel rolling reheating furnace.","authors":"Yi Duan, Guang Chen, Xiangjun Bao, Jing Xu, Lu Zhang, Xiaojing Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95134-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95134-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy consumption serves as a critical indicator of energy utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability in the steel production process. Accurately predicting the Heat energy consumption per ton (HEC, GJ/t) of steel billet in Steel Rolling Reheating Furnace (SRRF) presents a formidable challenge owing to the complex interplay of factors such as production scheduling, raw material characteristics, process parameters, and equipment condition. This study proposes a novel approach to predict HEC (GJ/t) by utilizing actual production data from SRRF. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimized back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is developed and its performance is compared to that of a standard BP model. Experimental results reveal that the optimized GA-BP model, with a neural network structure of 17-10-1, achieves a prediction accuracy of 94.7% surpassing the 90.24% accuracy of the standard BP model. The proposed GA-BP model demonstrates superior predictive capabilities and robustness, offering valuable insights for optimizing process parameters and improving energy efficiency in SRRF operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image encryption scheme based on thorp shuffle and pseudo dequeue.","authors":"Shengtao Geng, Danlei Guo, Xuncai Zhang, Yanfeng Wang, Ying Niu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95263-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95263-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the security level of image data transmission, this paper proposes a four-dimensional hyperchaotic image encryption scheme based on the combination of Thorp shuffle and pseudo dequeue. First, the nonlinear term of the classic four-dimensional Chen chaotic system is improved to construct an improved four-dimensional hyperchaotic system. Phase diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and equilibrium points are used to analyze its dynamic characteristics. The system has rich dynamic behaviors, and its maximum Lyapunov exponent reaches 11.3. Second, the SHA-256 algorithm is used in combination with plain image information to generate an initial chaotic key. On the basis of this key, a pseudorandom sequence is generated by the chaotic system and used for scrambling and diffusion operations. An image encryption algorithm combined with chaotic sequences is subsequently designed, which includes index scrambling, a double-ended Thorp shuffle, and a diffusion step based on a multiplane bit operation. Finally, the performance of this algorithm is evaluated through experiments such as statistical analysis, differential attack analysis, and noise attack analysis. The information entropy of the cipher image can reach 7.9994, with the number of pixel change rates and the unified average change intensity being close to the ideal value, and the percentage of floating frequency can reach 63%. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high encryption efficiency and security and performs excellently in terms of anti-attack performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of land use and water level fluctuation on soil aggregates and nitrogen and carbon in newly formed reservoir buffer strips.","authors":"Fei Gu, Yong Qin, Tiezhu Yang, Xiumei Li, Tengfei Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-90224-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90224-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic matter distribution patterns and soil aggregate stability (SAS) are critical factors for comprehending the environmental evolution of reservoirs and their surroundings. However, it remains unclear how SAS and aggregate-related N and C respond to external environmental factors (e.g., land use, water level fluctuation) in the newly formed reservoirs' buffer strips. In this work, we examined the impacts of the distance from the watercourse and different land use types on SAS and the patterns of organic matter distribution before and after seasonal water level fluctuations (in April and June 2021) in the Chushandian Reservoir (CR) buffer strips. The research discovered that the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates varied across land uses, ranking as: woodland > grassland > abandoned cropland. Moreover, both MWD and GMD increased as the distance from the watercourse grew. Based on variation partitioning analysis and partial least squares path modelling results, distance from the watercourse showed less effect on nutrient content and SAS than land uses, and aggregate fractions played a mediating role in this process. Furthermore, the relative contribution of coarse aggregate fractions (macroaggregates, > 0.25 mm) to soil N and C levels was greater than that of fine aggregate fractions (microaggregates, < 0.25 mm). The research findings illustrate that various protection measures should be considered for different land use strategies to enhance SAS and promote the accumulation of N and C associated with aggregates in the CR buffer strips. In addition, these findings can provide valuable references for ecological restoration efforts in regions with comparable situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal effects of nano-encapsulated lemongrass essential oil on the population parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda using two-sex life table.","authors":"Samar Sayed Ibrahim, Magdy Youssef El-Kholy, Shehata El-Sayed Mohamed Shalaby","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-93779-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93779-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Essential oils derived from plants have demonstrated their efficacy in controlling insects; however, their poor physical characteristics restrict their widespread application. In this study, nano-encapsulation employing emulsification followed by ultrasonication technique has improved the insecticidal efficacy of lemongrass oil (LGO) against Spodoptera frugiperda. Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and gum Arabic (GA) were used as coating materials to protect the vital components of LGO. Different concentrations of LGO pure and nano-capsule formulations have been used to examine the biological development of S. frugiperda 1st larval instar using two sex life table. D-Limonene, E-Citral, and Z-Citral were identified as the main compounds in LGO by GC-MS analysis. The oil concentration affected the physical properties of nano-capsules. The LGO nano-capsules had particle sizes ranging from 279.63 to 471.93 nm and an encapsulation efficiency between 51.94 and 83.59%. Following 96 h, the LGO:β-CD/GA treatment of S. frugiperda had a lower LC₅₀ value (1.52%) than the LGO treatment (2.48%), indicating that the nano-capsules were more toxic. Nano-capsules had a significant adverse effect on the life table parameters of S. frugiperda. The results of this study indicate that encapsulating LGO with β-CD/GA inclusion enhanced the efficacy of lemongrass oil against S. frugiperda.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, WGCNA, and machine learning to identify key biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Gang Wang, Jiaxing Zhang, Yirong Li, Yuyu Zhang, Weiwei Dong, Hengquan Wu, Jinglan Wang, Peiqing Liao, Ziqiang Yuan, Tao Liu, Wenting He","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95493-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95493-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microarray and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify HCC-related biomarkers. Based on an analysis of scRNA-seq data, several marker genes expressed on tumor cells have been identified. Three machine-learning algorithms were used to identify shared diagnostic genes. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was conducted to re-evaluate and identify essential biomarkers, which were then employed to develop a diagnostic prediction model. Additionally, AutoDockTools were used for molecular docking to investigate the association between the most sensitive drug and the core proteins. 44 genes were obtained by intersecting the WGCNA results, marker genes from scRNA-seq data, and up-regulated DEGs. Three machine-learning algorithms refined CDKN3, PPIA, PRC1, GMNN, and CENPW as hub biomarkers. GMNN and PRC1 were further selected by logistic regression analysis to build a nomogram. The molecular docking results showed that the drug NPK76-II-72-1 had a good binding ability with the GMNN and PRC1 proteins. The results highlighted CDKN3, PPIA, PRC1, GMNN, and CENPW as potential detection biomarkers for HCC patients. Our research offers novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}