Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Next generation antimicrobial peptide disinfectant targeting biocide and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus through integrated in Silico and in vitro validation.","authors":"Muhammad Umer Asghar, Arsalan Haseeb Zaidi, Muhammad Tariq, Noor Ul Ain","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12736-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12736-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of biocide- and antibiotic-resistant microbes in hospital settings demands urgent and innovative strategies to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study presents an innovative disinfectant strategy that leverages antimicrobial peptides (APep) extracted from antimicrobial-producing (AMP) strains isolated from hospital environments under intense antibiotic pressure. Unlike traditional probiotic disinfectants that rely on live bacterial strains prone to AMR, this approach directly utilizes APep from non-resistant strains with a high antioxidant potential to combat AMR and oxidative stress. Candidate strains were selected based on antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, oxidative stress assays, and screening for antimicrobial activity against hospital-acquired pathogens. The active compounds were characterized using fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and whole-genome sequencing. Biosynthetic pathways were explored using in silico analyses, including biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) mapping, APep prediction, and gene interaction network analyses. Bacillus paralicheniformis UAB33 was identified as a potent producer of bacitracin B1 (UB1), exhibiting strong activity against biocides and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). Genomic analysis revealed 14 BGCs, including key non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) such as bacitracin, lichenysin, and bacillibactin. A unique pathway involving bacA, bacB, and bacC genes, along with adjacent post-translationally modified peptides (RiPP) clusters, was elucidated to enhance bacitracin synthesis. UB1-infused disinfectant wipes significantly reduce microbial loads on hospital surfaces in vitro, demonstrating a promising strategy for mitigating resistant pathogens. This strategy presents a promising approach for curbing the spread of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings and offers a scalable and innovative solution for infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions.","authors":"Yasir Habib, Noor Raida Abd Rahman, Shujahat Haider Hashmi, Minhaj Ali","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11967-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11967-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals have become globally imperative, as evidenced by the Paris Agreement, and the Nationally Determined Contributions mechanism. At the recently ended COP28 climate summit, the majority of the participating countries encountered these challenges through financial commitments to attain their objectives of carbon neutrality for sustainable development. Green finance and environmental decentralization play key roles in realizing these targets. The core focus of this study is to demystify the impacts of green finance and environmental decentralization on sustainable development by employing a panel dataset comprising 44 OECD countries, spanning 1995-2022. Ecological footprint serves as an indicator of sustainable development. Financial investment directed towards climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation technologies with alternative output-input green finance indicators are used as measures for green finance. A new index was devised that incorporates multiple indicators of environmental decentralization to gauge its influence on sustainable development. Using OLS, Oster coefficient stability, Lewbel 2SLS, and Kiviet instrumental variable techniques, our findings demonstrate that green finance significantly enhances sustainable development across countries. The empirical findings reveal that green finance and environmental decentralization exhibit a positive, statistically significant influence on sustainable development in OECD countries, while also playing a mitigating role in the reduction of environmental degradation. Considering these findings, it is imperative that OECD countries formulate and implement policies that foster green financing and empower local governments. This formulation and authorization are crucial for reducing pollution through the stimulation of innovation in climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies. In doing so, these policies will substantially reinforce the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 12.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria in faecal samples from UK passerine birds.","authors":"Jenny C Dunn, Simon R Clegg","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13012-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13012-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild birds are a near ubiquitous sight in gardens, offering pleasure to many people through supplementary feeding, song, or other interactions. However, they are also potential carriers of many bacteria, including Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp., and E. coli; some of these may be resistant to commonly used drugs. This study collected faecal samples from multiple species of UK passerine birds, isolating bacterial pathogens to assess carriage and drug resistances associated with those bacteria. 75% of birds were carrying at least one bacterial species which was multi drug resistant (MDR; resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial), with 11.6% of birds carrying Salmonella spp., 18.9% carrying Campylobacter spp., 78% carrying Enterococcus spp., and all carrying E. coli strains. Many of these strains were shown to be MDR with 70%, 88%, 32% and 59% respectively. Intercontinental migration was shown to be a risk factor for carriage of many of the pathogens, as was an associated with human habitation. Age was also a risk factor with younger birds twice as likely to carry Campylobacter spp. than adults, and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and blackbirds (Turdus merula) being particularly high-level carriers compared to other species. The high-level carriage and shedding of MDR E. coli and other zoonotic pathogens within the faecal samples of multiple species of passerine birds offers a timely reminder of the risks which these bacteria, and their drug resistance profiles may pose to human and animal health in the UK and worldwide. It also shows a level of high environmental contamination, which birds may continue to contribute towards, until our use of antimicrobials, and level of drug-resistant bacteria is decreased. Developing mechanisms for reducing levels of carriage of MDR bacteria in wild bird populations through, for example, increased hygiene around bird feeding practices, may be key in reducing environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-selective HDAC6 inhibitor alleviates bone marrow fibrosis through inhibiting collagen formation and extracellular matrix deposition.","authors":"Chiao-Hsu Ke, Mao-En Huang, Hsin-Yi Wu, Chao-Wu Yu, Shuei-Liong Lin, Shau-Ping Lin, Shu-Han Yu, Chih-Hung Huang, Chen-Si Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-08384-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08384-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) impairs normal hematopoietic functions in patients. The overactivation of the TGF-β signaling pathway is regarded as one of the offenders causing disease progression. Thus, factors capable of regulating TGF-β secretion hold great potential in reversing fibrotic diseases. One such factor is histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), which can modulate the expression of TGF-β. Our previous study successfully synthesized a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, J22352, for pulmonary fibrosis; however, the treatment efficacies on BMF remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we treated bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts with J22352. The results showed that J22352 significantly reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, and inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was employed to disclose potential mechanisms, identifying 334 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The DEPs were involved in cell apoptosis, programmed cell death, ECM deposition, and collagen formation. These results suggest that J22352 efficiently alleviated BMF by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting ECM deposition. This study introduces a novel selective HDAC6 inhibitor as a potential option for slowing down the progression of BMF. We aim to provide a promising selective HDACi for clinical medicine through a detailed analysis of its mechanisms and efficacy, offering new prospects in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localized surface plasmon resonance sensing of hydrogen sulfide using zinc oxide film.","authors":"Yuki Takimoto, Keiji Komatsu, Hiromasa Namiki, Kazuto Mochizuki, Tomoe Nakagawa, Kohki Nagata, Kazuki Komiya, Tomoko Gessei, Akira Monkawa","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12193-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been developed by coating a gold nanopattern with zinc oxide (ZnO) film. H₂S detection was achieved by monitoring changes in absorbance at a specific wavelength in the LSPR spectrum. The absorbance increased during exposure to H₂S and remained constant after H₂S ceased. These responses indicate that the sensor can measure the integrated concentrations of H₂S. The sensitivity to H₂S was enhanced with increasing relative humidity, enabling detection of 0.05-3 ppm H₂S within 10 min at 70% relative humidity. The sensor's sensitivity and LSPR spectrum could be restored by heating it at 500 °C in air. Notably, the sensor did not respond to methyl mercaptan or dimethyl sulfide, demonstrating high selectivity for H₂S. This study highlights the potential of the ZnO-deposited LSPR sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of H₂S.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of coal mine water conduction fracture zone height based on integrated learning model.","authors":"Meng Wang, Xufeng Zhang, Xin Li, Zhongzheng Fang, Yafei Wei, Hongyan Qin, Shuai Wang, Tianyu Liu, Yaqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13627-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13627-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the accuracy of predicting the height of water-conducting fracture zones (WCFZ) in coal mines, this study proposes a novel stacked ensemble learning model. The model integrates XGBoost and Support Vector Regression (SVR) as base learners, with CatBoost serving as the meta-learner, forming a two-layer architecture. Key geological and mining features-such as mining height, burial depth, working face length, and lithologic proportion coefficient-are used as input variables to better capture the complex influencing factors. Validation using data from the No. 3 coal seam of Husheng Coal Mine demonstrates that the proposed model achieves a predicted WCFZ height of 50.79 m, closely aligning with the measured value and outperforming empirical formulas (61.4 m), standalone SVR (58.14 m), XGBoost (56.62 m), and FLAC3D simulation (55 m). The model also achieves an R² of 0.98 and RMSE of 2.08, indicating excellent predictive performance. This research is the first to introduce stacked ensemble learning for WCFZ height prediction, overcoming the limitations of single-model and simulation-based methods. The proposed approach offers a more accurate and intelligent tool for mine water hazard assessment and represents a significant advancement in applying machine learning to underground geological engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unexplored mechanism of antitumoral effect of pirfenidone in melanoma cells.","authors":"Melissa Marchese, Gilda La Regina, Rachele Amato, Gianmarco Bertoni, Jessica Ruzzolini, Daniele Martinucci, Laura Papucci, Silvia Peppicelli, Francesca Bianchini","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13584-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13584-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma is still one of the most aggressive cancers, with global incidence and mortality rates expected to rise significantly by 2040. Surgical excision with adequate safety margins remains the standard treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma. However, the therapeutic approach to treat advanced stages or disease recurrence in melanoma is still challenging. Although initial responses to combined targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors often achieve clinical success, disease progression remains difficult to manage. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel and unexplored therapeutic strategies. Pirfenidone (PFD) is an antifibrotic drug approved for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, with anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Its primary mechanism involves Transforming Growth Factorβ signalling downregulation, alongside with the suppression of cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Recently, it has been suggested that PFD may function as furin convertase enzyme inhibitor. Furin is involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as BRAF oncogene activation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of antitumoral effect of PFD in BRAF mutated human melanoma cell lines. Docking analysis revealed a close interaction between PFD and furin convertase active site. In vitro studies revealed that PFD reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and invasiveness. Interestingly, the early antioxidant effect observed during PFD treatment was later replaced by a marked increase in ROS levels, along with p21 upregulation and induction of apoptosis. This multi-angle approach highlights a key role of furin in melanoma cell aggressiveness. Although, the present study lacks clinical data from melanoma patients, our observations suggest that PFD may represent a treatment option for metastatic melanoma cases that are resistant to conventional therapeutic interventions, through a drug repurposing approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait resilience protects against social anxiety in college students through emotion regulation and coping strategies.","authors":"Yonghan Li, Pinglian Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13674-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13674-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The college environment significantly shapes students' social development, yet many experience social anxiety that affects their mental health. Trait resilience has been identified as an important psychological resource that may influence how individuals regulate emotions and cope with stress, which could be relevant to understanding social anxiety. Focusing on college students, this study examines the extent to which trait resilience, emotion regulation, and coping strategies contribute to the mitigation of social anxiety, emphasizing their potential roles as mediators in this psychological process. This study surveyed 748 college students using questionnaires to assess their trait resilience, social anxiety, emotion regulation, and coping strategies. The data were obtained via an online questionnaire, employing random sampling of university students from different regions in China during the period from November 2024 to January 2025. The dataset was processed through SPSS, which was applied to carry out statistical descriptions, examine variable correlations, and explore mediating effects. The study found a significant negative correlation between trait resilience and social anxiety (r = - 0.486, p < 0.001). In the mediation analysis, the direct effect of trait resilience on social anxiety remained significant (β = - 0.173, 95% CI - 0.224, - 0.121). Additionally, cognitive reappraisal (β = 0.047, 95% CI 0.001,0.096), expressive suppression (β = - 0.019, 95% CI - 0.037, - 0.002), approach coping strategies (β = - 0.145, 95% CI - 0.185, - 0.107), and avoidance coping strategies (β = - 0.025, 95% CI - 0.045, - 0.006) all played mediating roles between trait resilience and social anxiety. This study shows that higher trait resilience has been linked to lower social anxiety, with emotion regulation and coping strategies playing key mediating roles. These findings provide a basis for designing interventions to reduce social anxiety in college students. Future research should focus on enhancing trait resilience and promoting positive emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in surgical indications and causative diagnoses in enucleation from 2007 to 2022.","authors":"Nicolas Pensel, Siegfried Priglinger, Christoph Hintschich, Anna Schuh","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13975-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13975-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate surgical indications and causative underlying diseases in patients undergoing enucleation in a tertiary eye unit. Retrospective analysis of all enucleations performed at the University Eye Hospital of LMU Munich from January 2007 to December 2022. 491 eyes of 491 patients were enucleated in this period; 237 right and 254 left eyes. 59.3% (291) of patients were male, while 40.7% (200) were female. The median patient age at enucleation was 59 years (range 2-99, IQR 43-72). The four most common surgical indications were painful blind eye (318, 64.8%), malignancy (139, 28.3%), disfiguring blind eye (14, 2.9%) and treatment-refractory perforated corneal ulcer (13, 2.6%). There was only one indication for enucleation due to acute trauma (1, 0.2%). Information on causative diagnosis was available from 2013 to 2022 (257). The most common causative diagnoses leading to enucleation were choroidal melanoma (107, 41.6%), status post (s/p) trauma (65, 25.3%), and s/p retinal detachment (17, 6.6%). The annual enucleation count showed a decline from 2007 to 2022. Regarding indications for enucleation there is a negative trend for \"painful blind eye\" and \"malignant tumor\". Our study demonstrates a decrease in the annual number of enucleations between 2007 and 2022. While the causative diagnoses remained unchanged over the last ten years, there was a negative trend in surgical indications due to malignant tumors and painful blind eyes. Only one enucleation was performed due to acute trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IC2Bert: masked gene expression pretraining and supervised fine tuning for robust immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response prediction.","authors":"Seongyong Park, Seonkyu Kim, Peng Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-14166-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14166-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bulk RNA-seq-based prediction of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) responses has been extensively studied to distinguish responders from non-responders. However, cohort heterogeneity remains a major challenge, hindering the robustness and generalizability of predictive models across diverse RNA-seq datasets. In this study, we present IC2Bert, a novel model that employs masked gene expression pretraining combined with domain-specific supervised fine-tuning to enhance predictive robustness across heterogeneous ICB response cohorts. To ensure an objective evaluation, we assessed the model's performance using a Leave-One-Dataset-Out Cross-Validation (LODOCV) approach. IC2Bert demonstrated significantly improved predictive accuracy and robustness compared to existing methods, effectively addressing the challenges posed by cohort heterogeneity. The IC2Bert model and its source code are publicly available on GitHub: https://github.com/data2intelligence/ic2bert .</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"28044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}