SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen monitoring in the heat transfer fluid of parabolic trough plants","authors":"C. Jung, Marion Senholdt, Carsten Spenke, T. Schmidt, S. Ulmer","doi":"10.1063/1.5117599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117599","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrogen formation of diphenyl oxide (DPO) / biphenyl (BP) based heat transfer fluids (HTFs) can cause undesirably high concentrations of the gas in the HTF system of solar thermal parabolic trough plants. Hydrogen permeates from the HTF into the vacuum insulation of the heat collecting elements (HCEs). Excessive hydrogen concentrations in the HTF cause early saturation of the getter materials in the HCEs and consequently to high thermal losses when the heat insulation effect of the vacuum gets lost. In order to avoid a “hydrogen problem” the concentration of the gas has to be monitored and controlled in the HTF. In this study hydrogen analysis has been performed with HTF samples that were collected including all dissolved gases using special steel cylinders that were directly connected to the HTF system. The samples were analysed off-line at ambient conditions in a lab applying a combination of pressure measurement and compositional analysis with gas chromatography. The results indicate that under regular operating conditions hydrogen can exceed the specified limit more than hundredfold. Decompression tests in a CSP plant also indicate that hydrogen concentrations can be lowered using ready available components of a parabolic trough plant. Hence, extremely high hydrogen levels can be avoided by sufficient nitrogen exchange.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80534985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten chloride salts for next generation CSP plants: Selection of promising chloride salts & study on corrosion of alloys in molten chloride salts","authors":"Wenjin Ding, A. Bonk, T. Bauer","doi":"10.1063/1.5117729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117729","url":null,"abstract":"Molten chloride salts are promising high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and heat transfer fluid (HTF) materials in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants due to their high stability limits (>800°C) but low prices, compared to the commercial nitrate salt mixtures. However, severe corrosion of structural materials in contact with chloride salts is one of the most critical challenges to limit their applications at elevated temperatures. First, this work presents the properties (melting point, vapor pressure, heat capacity, hygroscopy) and large-scale prices of single chlorides and chloride mixtures for selecting the suitable molten chloride salt mixtures in next generation CSP. Then, based on our previous and current work, it discusses hot corrosion behaviors and mechanisms of metallic alloys in molten chloride salts, as well as corresponding corrosion mitigation strategies to develop the technology towards commercial applications of molten chlorides in next generation CSP.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80611122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar field heliostat selection based on polygon optimization and boundaries","authors":"P. Schöttl, S. Rohani, E. Leonardi, L. Pisani, Íñigo Les, Amaia Mutuberria, P. Nitz","doi":"10.1063/1.5117565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117565","url":null,"abstract":"A novel methodology for the design of heliostat fields is presented, based on the selection of heliostats from an oversized field by means of a polygon. To obtain the ideal field shape, the polygon vertices are optimized with an evolutionary algorithm. The objective function calculates a weighted tradeoff between annual optical efficiency and ground usage and is applied to the entire field instead of individual heliostats. Various other figures of merit could be readily integrated. To be able to deal with complex shaped land available for the Solar Tower plant, area boundaries are taken into account during the optimization phase. The application of the methodology is demonstrated by means of a reference scenario and multiple variations of parameters and area boundaries. The polygon selection creates smooth, coherent heliostat fields with high performance regarding the objectives, while solving several practical issues in the heliostat field design phase at the same time.A novel methodology for the design of heliostat fields is presented, based on the selection of heliostats from an oversized field by means of a polygon. To obtain the ideal field shape, the polygon vertices are optimized with an evolutionary algorithm. The objective function calculates a weighted tradeoff between annual optical efficiency and ground usage and is applied to the entire field instead of individual heliostats. Various other figures of merit could be readily integrated. To be able to deal with complex shaped land available for the Solar Tower plant, area boundaries are taken into account during the optimization phase. The application of the methodology is demonstrated by means of a reference scenario and multiple variations of parameters and area boundaries. The polygon selection creates smooth, coherent heliostat fields with high performance regarding the objectives, while solving several practical issues in the heliostat field design phase at the same time.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80390856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of local manufacturing capacity, economic and trade impact of concentrating solar power (CSP) in South Africa","authors":"O. Craig, D. Duvenhage, A. Brent, F. Dinter","doi":"10.1063/1.5117644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117644","url":null,"abstract":"The recent signing of outstanding power purchase agreements (PPA’s), as part of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Program (REI4P) in South Africa (SA), was received with mixed reactions. While the renewable energy sector and agencies involved in sustainable development applauded the courage of the SA government, the signing was fiercely challenged with industrial actions by local labour unions for the fear of job losses. Wind, Solar PV and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) dominated the signed PPAs and are thus perceived as major threats to current power-sector labour in SA. Although, the SA court had thrown out the cases against the signed IPPs, it is important to understand the impact of the specific renewable energy technology (RET) on the economy, trade and the local jobs. This study assesses the SA local manufacturing capabilities for CSP related services, and analysed the economic impact of CSP adoption. An expert elicitation was carried out and the strength and the challenges were identified, the economic and social benefits of improvements were estimated, including the employment opportunities, and the overall impacts on trade and economy. It was also found that an increase in CSP manufacturing capability could only be achieved in an emerging market such as SA, if the local economy benefits directly from the deployment of CSP.The recent signing of outstanding power purchase agreements (PPA’s), as part of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Program (REI4P) in South Africa (SA), was received with mixed reactions. While the renewable energy sector and agencies involved in sustainable development applauded the courage of the SA government, the signing was fiercely challenged with industrial actions by local labour unions for the fear of job losses. Wind, Solar PV and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) dominated the signed PPAs and are thus perceived as major threats to current power-sector labour in SA. Although, the SA court had thrown out the cases against the signed IPPs, it is important to understand the impact of the specific renewable energy technology (RET) on the economy, trade and the local jobs. This study assesses the SA local manufacturing capabilities for CSP related services, and analysed the economic impact of CSP adoption. An expert elicitation was carried out and the strength and the challenges were ident...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80911534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the porosity of SiC on its optical properties and oxidation kinetics","authors":"L. Charpentier, C. Caliot, P. David, A. Baux, C. Heisel, D. Rochais, T. Chartier","doi":"10.1063/1.5117525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117525","url":null,"abstract":"CEA laboratory has developed an additive manufacturing technique with SiC powders and the material obtained need to be characterized. Therefore, we studied the change of optical properties and oxidation kinetics of SiC samples for the last step of the elaboration process. In this investigation, the optical properties and the oxidation kinetics of two SiC materials of two different densities and post-treated at LCTS laboratory have been compared. Their room-temperature optical properties were measured and both materials were oxidized using solar facilities at PROMES laboratory. It was observed that a higher porosity would increase both the solar absorptivity α and total emissivity e of the SiC. Nevertheless, the α/e ratio is improved with the density, increasing from 1.04 to 1.22. The less dense SiC presents also a faster oxidation kinetics, the determined activation energy increasing from 110 to 270 kJ mol−1.CEA laboratory has developed an additive manufacturing technique with SiC powders and the material obtained need to be characterized. Therefore, we studied the change of optical properties and oxidation kinetics of SiC samples for the last step of the elaboration process. In this investigation, the optical properties and the oxidation kinetics of two SiC materials of two different densities and post-treated at LCTS laboratory have been compared. Their room-temperature optical properties were measured and both materials were oxidized using solar facilities at PROMES laboratory. It was observed that a higher porosity would increase both the solar absorptivity α and total emissivity e of the SiC. Nevertheless, the α/e ratio is improved with the density, increasing from 1.04 to 1.22. The less dense SiC presents also a faster oxidation kinetics, the determined activation energy increasing from 110 to 270 kJ mol−1.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90816106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of soiling with the AVUS instrument – Technical and economic assessment","authors":"A. Heimsath, T. Schmidt, S. Rohani, Lukas Haack, R. Meyer, Jan Steinmetz, P. Nitz","doi":"10.1063/1.5117704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117704","url":null,"abstract":"Soiling impacts energy harvesting of CSP Plants as well as operation and maintenance cost. The identification of the proneness of a potential solar site to soiling would reduce risk and improve the performance and cost prediction. To allow for medium and long term monitoring of soiling rates, precise, replicable and fully automated measuring methods are needed, similar to today’s solar resource assessment. Furthermore, the analysis of dust and its adhesion to solar reflectors are of interest. Tackling both requests, we developed a new instrument for automated online monitoring of soiling. The AVUS measurement set-up directly measures reflectance. Furthermore, the soiled samples are available for retrospective assessment of dust and its adhesion to solar reflectors. We present measurement results from a one-year monitoring campaign at a solar thermal power plant located in the south of Spain. Additionally we show a comparison of the AVUS sensor results and results from PV reference cells. We assess the advantage of soiling monitoring for financial risk reduction and for performance prediction. Detailed cost and performance models are applied to a case study of a parabolic trough plant.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stirling engine for thermal energy storage","authors":"M. Nilsson, Abdallah Abou-Taouk, H. Sandberg, J. Lindh","doi":"10.1063/1.5117653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, development and testing of a Stirling engine tailored for use in a modular dispatchable concentrated solar power (CSP) system, and currently under development by Azelio. Tests are performed to evaluate the engine and data from testing is used to validate the numerical models used for design and optimization. The completed tests prove that the Stirling engine can be successfully adapted for integration in systems with latent heat thermal storage. A further optimization of the working gas channel is discussed, and it is shown that significant improvements are possible, which is important for the lower maximum cycle temperatures seen in TES based systems. The improved engine will be instrumental in achieving competitive LCOE figures for a Stirling based small-scale dispatchable CSP system.This paper presents the design, development and testing of a Stirling engine tailored for use in a modular dispatchable concentrated solar power (CSP) system, and currently under development by Azelio. Tests are performed to evaluate the engine and data from testing is used to validate the numerical models used for design and optimization. The completed tests prove that the Stirling engine can be successfully adapted for integration in systems with latent heat thermal storage. A further optimization of the working gas channel is discussed, and it is shown that significant improvements are possible, which is important for the lower maximum cycle temperatures seen in TES based systems. The improved engine will be instrumental in achieving competitive LCOE figures for a Stirling based small-scale dispatchable CSP system.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86495196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating different operation modes of a hybrid CSP+PV+TES+BESS plant varying the dispatch priority","authors":"Adriana Zurita, Carlos Mata‐Torres, J. Cardemil, R. Escobar","doi":"10.1063/1.5117609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117609","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comparative analysis between two different operation modes of a hybrid CSP+PV plant with TES and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to provide 100 MW of base generation. The first operation mode operates the CSP plant as a back-up of the PV plant and activates the BESS only when the TES needs to be supplemented. The second operation mode operates the BESS as the first back-up of the PV plant, activating the CSP plant only when the BESS reaches its minimum operational capacity. The study evaluates the impact of the operation modes on the hybrid plant performance in three locations of Chile (Crucero, Carrera Pinto, and Santiago). Results of the analysis allow determining which operation mode may provide a better techno-economic annual performance of the hybrid plant when the dispatch priority of the storage sections are varied, considering that the production profile is different between seasons and for each location.This study presents a comparative analysis between two different operation modes of a hybrid CSP+PV plant with TES and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to provide 100 MW of base generation. The first operation mode operates the CSP plant as a back-up of the PV plant and activates the BESS only when the TES needs to be supplemented. The second operation mode operates the BESS as the first back-up of the PV plant, activating the CSP plant only when the BESS reaches its minimum operational capacity. The study evaluates the impact of the operation modes on the hybrid plant performance in three locations of Chile (Crucero, Carrera Pinto, and Santiago). Results of the analysis allow determining which operation mode may provide a better techno-economic annual performance of the hybrid plant when the dispatch priority of the storage sections are varied, considering that the production profile is different between seasons and for each location.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87781834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and CFD modeling of a solar micro gas turbine for rural zones in Sahel","authors":"Ababacar Thiam, E. Cissé, B. A. Ndiogou, Kory Faye, Mactar Faye","doi":"10.1063/1.5117654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117654","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a numerical design of a micro solar gas turbine for the rural areas of Sahel. Thermodynamic analysis, Mean Line Method, Ansys Blade Gen, Ansys CFX Turbo Grid and Ansys CFX solver were used to do the conceptual study and numerical analysis. The Mean line design results of solar micro gas turbine give a rotation speed of 115,000 rpm, a pressure ratio of 4, an expansion power equal to 40.28 kW and a compression power equal to 29.97 kW for an air flow of 0.14 kg.s−1 and a turbine inlet temperature equal to 850°C. Total to total turbine efficiency is 80% while compressor polytropic efficiency is 79%. The turbine rotor has 13 blades while that of the compressor consists of 18 main and secondary blades.This work presents a numerical design of a micro solar gas turbine for the rural areas of Sahel. Thermodynamic analysis, Mean Line Method, Ansys Blade Gen, Ansys CFX Turbo Grid and Ansys CFX solver were used to do the conceptual study and numerical analysis. The Mean line design results of solar micro gas turbine give a rotation speed of 115,000 rpm, a pressure ratio of 4, an expansion power equal to 40.28 kW and a compression power equal to 29.97 kW for an air flow of 0.14 kg.s−1 and a turbine inlet temperature equal to 850°C. Total to total turbine efficiency is 80% while compressor polytropic efficiency is 79%. The turbine rotor has 13 blades while that of the compressor consists of 18 main and secondary blades.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88084451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEA study of innovative solutions for parabolic trough collector design","authors":"F. Sartori, A. Heimsath","doi":"10.1063/1.5117639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117639","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants utilize mirrors to reflect the incoming solar energy to focus them to a receiver. However, in this process there are several sources of errors including the ones due to mirrors′ shape, which reduce the efficiency of the process. Not only technical solution, but also environmental conditions (wind, temperature) influence the performance. The purpose of the present work is to study the impact of environmental conditions and technical solutions that contribute to parabolic trough cost reduction and improve performance under operation. To do so, Finite Element Analysis simulations are performed considering different kind of technical solutions that are compared to a reference case in order to assess the change of some relevant factors studied such as deformation, slope deviation (SDx) and focus deviation (FDx). The results obtained show that the reference case presents similar values for SDx, FDx and displacement as the ones shown in available literature, which validates the model. Additionally, it is found large deformation and stress values in the supporting pads of the mirrors that affect considerably the shape of the mirrors. Besides, according to the model, the thicker glass mirror and the large aperture trough are able to reduce the SDx and FDx values of the mirrors, therefore they might have a potential to increase the efficiency of the troughs.Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants utilize mirrors to reflect the incoming solar energy to focus them to a receiver. However, in this process there are several sources of errors including the ones due to mirrors′ shape, which reduce the efficiency of the process. Not only technical solution, but also environmental conditions (wind, temperature) influence the performance. The purpose of the present work is to study the impact of environmental conditions and technical solutions that contribute to parabolic trough cost reduction and improve performance under operation. To do so, Finite Element Analysis simulations are performed considering different kind of technical solutions that are compared to a reference case in order to assess the change of some relevant factors studied such as deformation, slope deviation (SDx) and focus deviation (FDx). The results obtained show that the reference case presents similar values for SDx, FDx and displacement as the ones shown in available literature, which validates ...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"76 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86394256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}