SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"The dragon awakens: Will China save or conquer concentrating solar power?","authors":"J. Lilliestam, Lana Ollier, S. Pfenninger","doi":"10.1063/1.5117648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117648","url":null,"abstract":"After three years of low growth and an increase in global costs, the announcement and implementation of the Chinese demonstration programme for concentrating solar power (CSP) has changed the outlook for the technology from gloomy to better than ever. Here, we analyse the Chinese CSP strategy, its drivers, and its effects on CSP industry and costs in China and globally. We find that the Chinese demonstration programme has led to the emergence of new CSP industry actors, and that it helped to the reduce global average costs of new CSP stations to USD 0.12 per kWh. However, the Chinese expansion, which is supplied almost exclusively by Chinese companies, follows a wholly different cost trajectory than the expansion in the rest of the world, which is almost exclusively served by non-Chinese companies: whereas costs in both markets have decreased, the cost of Chinese CSP stations under construction is 40% lower than that of plants built elsewhere. We conclude that the Chinese support programme has thus succeeded in its central aims of leapfrogging and has built up a domestic industry capable of building stations and most components at lower costs than foreign competitors. However, Chinese companies are not yet active outside China, nor do we find many foreign participants in the Chinese market. The effects of the Chinese CSP programme on markets and industries outside China have thus far been limited: the Chinese and non-Chinese markets currently largely exist in parallel, each with their own supply chains. Whether the new Chinese companies seek to and manage to conquer the global market as well remains to be seen but so far, they have not.After three years of low growth and an increase in global costs, the announcement and implementation of the Chinese demonstration programme for concentrating solar power (CSP) has changed the outlook for the technology from gloomy to better than ever. Here, we analyse the Chinese CSP strategy, its drivers, and its effects on CSP industry and costs in China and globally. We find that the Chinese demonstration programme has led to the emergence of new CSP industry actors, and that it helped to the reduce global average costs of new CSP stations to USD 0.12 per kWh. However, the Chinese expansion, which is supplied almost exclusively by Chinese companies, follows a wholly different cost trajectory than the expansion in the rest of the world, which is almost exclusively served by non-Chinese companies: whereas costs in both markets have decreased, the cost of Chinese CSP stations under construction is 40% lower than that of plants built elsewhere. We conclude that the Chinese support programme has thus succee...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73661804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning and building the first ultimate trough collector field in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"K. Riffelmann, A. Schweitzer, G. Weinrebe, M. Balz","doi":"10.1063/1.5117582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117582","url":null,"abstract":"After successful demonstration of the Ultimate Trough Technology within the test loop in California [1], the Ultimate Trough collector was selected by a Spanish-Saudi Arabic consortium for the first commercial project in Duba. Figure 1 represents a picture of the DUBA Green Power Plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), nearly completed as of February 2018. As the plant location is close to the border of the Red Sea, special engineering efforts had to be performed on possible corrosion issues and high wind loads. Solutions for this and further particularities in the Ultimate Trough collector design for the project are presented in this article.After successful demonstration of the Ultimate Trough Technology within the test loop in California [1], the Ultimate Trough collector was selected by a Spanish-Saudi Arabic consortium for the first commercial project in Duba. Figure 1 represents a picture of the DUBA Green Power Plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), nearly completed as of February 2018. As the plant location is close to the border of the Red Sea, special engineering efforts had to be performed on possible corrosion issues and high wind loads. Solutions for this and further particularities in the Ultimate Trough collector design for the project are presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79260516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental characterization of granular materials for directly irradiated fluidized bed solar receivers","authors":"C. Tregambi, C. Bevilacqua, A. Cammarota, R. Chirone, P. Salatino, R. Solimene, F. Bassetti, A. Picarelli, M. Magaldi","doi":"10.1063/1.5117572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117572","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems stem out as a promising technology that has the advantage of an easy integration with thermal energy storage. The current benchmark in the CSP technology is represented by the solar tower receiver with molten salts working as heat transfer fluid. The main drawback of this system is the relatively low working temperature of the molten salts (about 565 °C), which affects the efficiency of the subsequent Rankine cycle for energy production. The use of dense suspensions of solid particles as solar receivers in CSP systems is gaining ever increasing interest, as the dense suspension can simultaneously act as receiver, heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium. Dense suspensions can work at higher temperature with respect to molten salts, even between 1000–1500 °C, without any safety, corrosion, or disposal problem. In this work, different granular materials were investigated to scrutinize their potential use as dense suspensions in directly irradiated Fluidized Bed (FB) reactors. Experimental tests were performed in a directly irradiated FB reactor exposed to a 12 kWel beam-down simulated solar furnace. The dynamics of the directly irradiated FB reactor was analyzed with specific reference to temperature distribution at the surface and in the bulk of the bed as a function of the inlet gas velocity. Material performances were compared by considering the energy required to sustain the fluidization conditions and solar absorption capacity of the granular material.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79650043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed loop optical tracking of heliostats","authors":"P. Fairman, D. Farrant, Phil Connor","doi":"10.1063/1.5117533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117533","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate tracking of heliostats is a key requirement for cost-effective commissioning and operation of central receiver concentrating solar thermal plants. We explore sensor-based options to enable pointing accuracy of ±1 mrad or better. A driver for this work is the concept of a ‘Drop-in’ heliostat, which has been developed as part of the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI). The ‘Drop-in’ heliostat is designed for rapid installation, no field wiring, self-powered, autonomous calibration and autonomous operation. Using this system, the orientation of the heliostat mirror was monitored using a single-chip sensor consisting of an accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope. Tracking using orientation sensors also requires knowledge of the time of day, heliostat location and receiver location, which were derived using real-time kinematic GPS. Closed loop optical tracking requires identifying and tracking the heliostat sun reflection at the receiver, which we demonstrate using a low-cost camera on the heliostat and an array of retroreflectors on a target. This is then used to derive an error signal that can be used to servo the heliostat.Accurate tracking of heliostats is a key requirement for cost-effective commissioning and operation of central receiver concentrating solar thermal plants. We explore sensor-based options to enable pointing accuracy of ±1 mrad or better. A driver for this work is the concept of a ‘Drop-in’ heliostat, which has been developed as part of the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI). The ‘Drop-in’ heliostat is designed for rapid installation, no field wiring, self-powered, autonomous calibration and autonomous operation. Using this system, the orientation of the heliostat mirror was monitored using a single-chip sensor consisting of an accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope. Tracking using orientation sensors also requires knowledge of the time of day, heliostat location and receiver location, which were derived using real-time kinematic GPS. Closed loop optical tracking requires identifying and tracking the heliostat sun reflection at the receiver, which we demonstrate using a low-cost camera...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80132061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First lay-down heliostat with monolithic mirror-panel, closed loop control, and cleaning system","authors":"Andreas Pfahl, Jens Rheinländer, A. Krause, R. Buck, S. Giuliano, J. Hertel, Kristina Blume, Tim Schlichting, N. Janotte, A. Ries","doi":"10.1063/1.5117554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117554","url":null,"abstract":"The first lay-down heliostat with monolithic concentrator was erected at the Solar Tower Julich. The main components and their main features are described: azimuth and elevation drive, concentrator, control, and the cleaning system concept. The dimensions of the elevation drive and the carriage already match the requirements of a 50 m² heliostat that shall be developed in a follow-up project.The first lay-down heliostat with monolithic concentrator was erected at the Solar Tower Julich. The main components and their main features are described: azimuth and elevation drive, concentrator, control, and the cleaning system concept. The dimensions of the elevation drive and the carriage already match the requirements of a 50 m² heliostat that shall be developed in a follow-up project.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73742919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of CSP power tower plants schemes using supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power block","authors":"F. J. Sorbet, Miguel Hermoso de Mendoza, Javier García-Barberena","doi":"10.1063/1.5117568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117568","url":null,"abstract":"Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle power blocks are among the most promising candidates to improve and replace current heat-to-electric conversion technology, both for fossil, nuclear and renewable power generation at utility-scale. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) based in sCO2 cycles also represent a potentially successful solution aiming to integrate higher efficiency power cycles in CSP plants for increasing efficiency and lowering the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE). Efficiency improvement potential of sCO2 power blocks seems clear for fossil and nuclear power plants by directly operating at higher temperatures than current subcritical steam Rankine cycles. However, for CSP it is not yet evident whether or not sCO2 power blocks could actually improve LCOE mainly due to cost uncertainty related to high temperature materials and power block components. Indeed, even improving plant efficiency is a challenge itself, since operating at higher temperatures increases heat losses in the rec...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80992968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Round robin test on enthalpies of redox materials for thermochemical heat storage: Perovskites","authors":"B. Lucio, A. Bayon, R. Olivares, M. Navarro, Yulong Ding, O. Senneca, C. Tregambi, M. Lanchi, S. Sau, J. Vidal, J. González-Aguilar","doi":"10.1063/1.5117753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117753","url":null,"abstract":"Among the potential materials proposed as suitable for thermochemical heat storage, ABO3 perovskites merit significant attention for high temperature applications in concentrating solar power plants. The specific enthalpy of the reaction is a key parameter to establish the storage capacity of the system, and accordingly determines the potential impact on decreasing related costs associated with the volume of the system. Discrepancies in the referenced enthalpies may arise from different sources like the experimental sets-ups for measuring thermodynamic properties; protocols applied or the origin of the samples. This work presents a round robin test conducted by seven institutions in order to establish a standard methodology for the measurement of enthalpies of relevant thermochemical processes at high temperature. The initiative was organized within the Working Group on Thermal Storage (Activity on “Materials for Thermal Storage”) in SolarPACES Task III.Among the potential materials proposed as suitable for thermochemical heat storage, ABO3 perovskites merit significant attention for high temperature applications in concentrating solar power plants. The specific enthalpy of the reaction is a key parameter to establish the storage capacity of the system, and accordingly determines the potential impact on decreasing related costs associated with the volume of the system. Discrepancies in the referenced enthalpies may arise from different sources like the experimental sets-ups for measuring thermodynamic properties; protocols applied or the origin of the samples. This work presents a round robin test conducted by seven institutions in order to establish a standard methodology for the measurement of enthalpies of relevant thermochemical processes at high temperature. The initiative was organized within the Working Group on Thermal Storage (Activity on “Materials for Thermal Storage”) in SolarPACES Task III.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83606921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the focal region of the heliostat field of the ASTRI reference plant with fluxtracer","authors":"Manuel Blanco, M. Constantinou, Clotilde Corsi, V. Grigoriev, Kypros Milidonis, C. Panagiotou, C. Papanicolas, John Pye, E. Votyakov","doi":"10.1063/1.5117672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117672","url":null,"abstract":"FluxTracer is a new open source computer program being developed by the Cyprus Institute in close collaboration with the Australian National University. It is an experimental post-processor for Monte Carlo Ray Tracer (MCRT) simulations. By post-processing the rays generated by a MCRT, FluxTracer can provide information useful to analyze the distribution of the concentrated solar radiation in user-defined 3D-regions of interest within a solar concentrator. This paper presents the application of FluxTracer, to analyze the focal region of the heliostat field of the solar tower power plant considered as reference within the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI) and demonstrates the usefulness of the program in optimizing the dimensions of external cylindrical receivers or in providing guidance with regard to new receiver geometries of potential interest.FluxTracer is a new open source computer program being developed by the Cyprus Institute in close collaboration with the Australian National University. It is an experimental post-processor for Monte Carlo Ray Tracer (MCRT) simulations. By post-processing the rays generated by a MCRT, FluxTracer can provide information useful to analyze the distribution of the concentrated solar radiation in user-defined 3D-regions of interest within a solar concentrator. This paper presents the application of FluxTracer, to analyze the focal region of the heliostat field of the solar tower power plant considered as reference within the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI) and demonstrates the usefulness of the program in optimizing the dimensions of external cylindrical receivers or in providing guidance with regard to new receiver geometries of potential interest.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"348 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of a fluidized bed reactor for beam-down optics","authors":"Selvan Bellan, T. Kodama, K. Matsubara, N. Gokon, Hyun-Seok Cho","doi":"10.1063/1.5117684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117684","url":null,"abstract":"A transient three dimensional numerical model of the heat transfer and fluid flow of a windowed fluidized bed reactor for solar thermochemical conversions is formulated and solved using discrete element method coupled to computational fluid dynamics. Radiation transfer equation is solved by discrete ordinate radiation model and the particle collision dynamics is solved by spring-dashpot model based on soft-sphere method. The instantaneous granular flow behavior of the irradiated bed is presented along with the incident radiation and particle size distribution. The results indicate that as time progresses the average velocity of the particle increases due to high temperature and bed expansion effect.A transient three dimensional numerical model of the heat transfer and fluid flow of a windowed fluidized bed reactor for solar thermochemical conversions is formulated and solved using discrete element method coupled to computational fluid dynamics. Radiation transfer equation is solved by discrete ordinate radiation model and the particle collision dynamics is solved by spring-dashpot model based on soft-sphere method. The instantaneous granular flow behavior of the irradiated bed is presented along with the incident radiation and particle size distribution. The results indicate that as time progresses the average velocity of the particle increases due to high temperature and bed expansion effect.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81365759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of experimental and theoretical studies on a thermal energy storage facility","authors":"Teemu Sihvonen, J. Lappalainen, Elina Hakkarainen","doi":"10.1063/1.5117744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117744","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic modelling and simulation offers a way to investigate the transient behavior of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. Most modelling work presented in literature focuses only to sub-processes of a TES facility, especially, if the comparison against experimental data is included. In this study, we combine experimental and computational work, and aim at modelling and investigating the whole TES system. We share experiences gained and discuss results, including the experiments planning, modelling scope, measurement uncertainty, heat exchange, heat losses, calibration and validation.Dynamic modelling and simulation offers a way to investigate the transient behavior of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. Most modelling work presented in literature focuses only to sub-processes of a TES facility, especially, if the comparison against experimental data is included. In this study, we combine experimental and computational work, and aim at modelling and investigating the whole TES system. We share experiences gained and discuss results, including the experiments planning, modelling scope, measurement uncertainty, heat exchange, heat losses, calibration and validation.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85287442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}