Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Annual Athlete Turnover of 36% in Olympic Talent Promotion Programs: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Arne Güllich, Michael Barth","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01050-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01050-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Across the world, many national sport systems make extensive strategic investments in talent promotion programs (TPPs). The most common TPPs include youth sport academies and sport federations' junior squads. The central idea of TPPs is (1) to select the most promising talents at young ages (around puberty or younger) and (2) to involve them in a long-term continuous nurturing process to facilitate their performance development, eventually leading to increased senior peak performance. This central idea implies that the population of TPP participants is highly stable across age categories. On the other hand, TPPs sometimes replace deselected athletes with new 'side-entry' athletes (athletes who enter a TPP after its initial age category). Hence, there is athlete turnover-fluctuation in the TPP population through exits of participants and entries of new athletes. This implies that the TPP population is unstable across age categories. The magnitude of annual athlete turnover is thus indicative of the operating principle of TPPs and whether it corresponds to their central idea.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to provide robust and generalizable evidence on the magnitude of annual athlete turnover in TPPs. It also investigated whether athlete turnover varies between youth sport academies vs federations' junior squads and across ages and sexes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2025 in Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, APA PsycARTICLES, and Google Scholar, complemented by snowball search. We searched for original studies that reported annual athlete turnover within TPPs or data needed to compute annual athlete turnover. The search yielded 37 samples, published 2010-25, including 44,287 athletes from all Olympic sports and 42 countries. For each TPP sample and each season-to-season transition, annual athlete turnover was calculated as (number of entries + number of exits) / 2 / total number of current athletes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean annual athlete turnover within TPPs is 36.3%. It is slightly higher in federations' junior squads than youth sport academies but does not differ across ages or sexes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Most talent selection decisions are revised within two years and, accordingly, more than half of the TPP population is exchanged every two years. Unlike their original idea, the operating principle of TPPs is characterized by frequent selection, deselection, and replacement of youth athletes, resulting in sizeable athlete turnover. We discuss implications regarding inaccurate talent identification and inefficient TPP nurture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The operating principle of TPPs can be described as follows: TPPs try out many youth athletes and expand that number through sizeable athlete turnover. Most talent-identified youth athletes are deselected again soon and replaced with other","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Creating an Intervention to Prevent Injuries in Police Force Recruits: A Concept Mapping Study of Police Force Recruits, Police Force Staff, Health Professionals, and Research Experts.","authors":"Myles Murphy, Andrea B Mosler, Garth Allen, Alex Donaldson, Clare L Ardern, Carolyn A Emery, Martin Hägglund, Jonathan M Hodgson, Joanne L Kemp, Debra Langridge, Tiffany McAlinden, Thomas Mirco, Sophia Nimphius, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Kiera Staley, Vanessa Sutton, Evert Verhagen, Andrea M Bruder","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01042-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01042-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Police force recruits have a high musculoskeletal injury burden, which results in a substantial economic burden and can lead to attrition. The objective of this study was to identify and prioritise the strategies perceived as important and feasible to reduce the prevalence, incidence, and burden of injury in police force recruits.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Mixed-methods concept mapping study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight participants were recruited from four broad groups: police force recruits/officers; police force staff; health professionals; and research experts. Participants brainstormed statements in response to a prompt (\"To prevent injury and/or reduce the impact of injury on law enforcement recruit training, I think it's important to….\") before sorting and rating the statements/strategies for importance and feasibility. Descriptive statistics, multi-dimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis, pattern matching and Welch's t-tests were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six unique prevention strategies were identified (42 were above the grand mean for both importance and feasibility). Eight clusters appropriately represented all statements. From highest to lowest mean cluster importance these were: i) clearly communicate physical training program expectations and requirements; ii) prepare for, monitor and manage physical training load; iii) provide best practice injury identification, prevention and management; iv) educate recruits, staff and other stakeholders involved in academy training delivery; v) provide a supportive training environment that promotes health, wellbeing and injury reporting; vi) have experienced staff deliver training and use appropriate equipment; vii) deliver a comprehensive and holistic physical training program; and viii) have appropriate physical entry standards and requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified 42 strategies above the grand means for both importance and feasibility to reduce the burden of injury in police force recruits. These strategies can be implemented by recruits, staff delivering the training program, and/ or staff managing or governing the training program. Future research should refine how these strategies can be implemented in practice and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness for Pointe Shoes in Ballet: A Delphi Consensus Study.","authors":"Haydee Ferguson, Rhiannon Snipe, Jason Bonacci, Dominique Condo, Aaron S Fox","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01038-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01038-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A ballet dancer's first pair of pointe shoes marks a significant milestone in training, allowing them to perform on the tips of their toes. Determining readiness for pointe work requires consideration of many factors, yet consensus is lacking regarding the abilities required to progress safely. Existing International Association for Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS) guidelines are broad and largely subjective. This study aimed to establish consensus on key criteria required before commencing pointe work using a scoping review and Delphi method. Secondary aims were to (i) explore differences in expert perspectives, (ii) determine expert panel agreement with the IADMS guidelines and (iii) identify reasons to conduct a pointe-readiness assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review identified existing pointe-readiness criteria and informed a Delphi study with 21 experts (ballet teachers, health professionals and dance researchers). Criteria from the scoping review and first Delphi round were synthesised using inductive content analysis and presented to the expert panel for rating on a 4-point Likert scale. Consensus (defined as ≥ 80% agreement) was assessed across two additional rounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-nine criteria relating to progression to pointe work were identified and grouped into three themes: (i) skill and training, (ii) physical characteristics, and (iii) health and well-being, encompassing 10 assessment categories. 48/99 criteria reached consensus, with single-leg heel-rise repetitions, balance and control and injury history receiving the highest agreement (≥ 95%). Teachers placed importance on assessing technique and posture, whereas health professionals prioritised physical capacity measures. Twenty-two reasons for conducting pointe-readiness assessments were identified, with 18 reaching consensus. Highest agreement (≥ 95%) was for establishing a baseline; informing dancer and parent decisions; assessing likelihood of success; prescribing exercises; informing the teacher; and identifying additional needs prior to commencing pointe work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established consensus-informed pointe-readiness criteria and identified differences in perceived criterion importance between teachers, health professionals and dance researchers. While panel members agreed with current IADMS guidelines, consistent assessment methodologies were lacking. Findings support the value of pointe-readiness assessments in informing progression to pointe work and provide a foundation for developing standardised, evidence-informed assessment guidelines. Further research is required to validate assessment measures and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing pointe-related injury risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13305091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148318873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury Patterns in Soccer-Induced Maxillofacial Fractures and Ocular Trauma: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Anaas M Mergoum, Jacob Lentner, Brooke Echter, Jacob Roskam, Grant S Hamilton, James D Smith","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01049-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01049-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maxillofacial fractures and ocular trauma are significant injuries in soccer, with potential functional, aesthetic, and visual consequences if unrecognized. Few reviews have specifically examined both injury patterns in this sport. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize the current literature to identify injury patterns associated with maxillofacial fractures and ocular trauma in soccer, thereby aiding clinicians in timely diagnosis and management. Given the heterogeneity and limited quality of the available evidence, this review also highlights areas where further research is needed.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>The zygoma was the most commonly fractured maxillofacial bone in soccer (32.8%), followed by the nasal (28.4%), mandibular (25.8%), orbital (6.5%), maxillary (3.6%), and frontal sinus (2.8%) regions. Among mandibular fractures, the angle was the most vulnerable site, accounting for 39.2% of cases. Head-to-head contact was the most frequent mechanism resulting in injury; however, although less common, arm or elbow impacts were more likely to result in fracture when they occurred. Ocular injuries most often present as orbital or eyelid contusions and lacerations (37.1%) and hyphemas (19.5%), with direct ball impact as the primary cause. Boys (60.4%-69.5%) were at greater risk than girls for ball sport-related ocular trauma, particularly those aged 2-9 years, with soccer being the leading sport implicated. Overall, these trends are based largely on small case series, reflecting the low quality of available evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The zygoma is the most frequently fractured maxillofacial bone, typically resulting from head-to-head collisions. Direct soccer ball impact accounts for most ocular injuries in this sport, with orbital or eyelid contusions and lacerations most common, followed by hyphemas. Pediatric players may be particularly susceptible to soccer-related ocular trauma, possibly due to an underdeveloped orbital rim. Fundoscopic examination is essential after ball impact to detect vitreoretinal injury, even when visual acuity is normal. Further well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Hazard Ratio of a Second ACL Injury After Return to Sport for Each Positive Hypermobility Test on the Beighton Score: A Registry Study.","authors":"Jakob Lindskog, Bálint Zsidai, Axel Sundberg, Johan Högberg, Rebecca Hamrin Senorski, Behnam Liaghat, Kristian Samuelsson, Roland Thomeé, Ramana Piussi, Eric Hamrin Senorski","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01054-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01054-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) has been associated with increased risk of second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The clinical diagnosis of GJH relies on a binary threshold of positive joint hypermobility tests, based on age and patient sex, which may overlook the degree of hypermobility.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the association between the number of positive joint hypermobility tests on the Beighton Score and the hazard of second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in patients who return to sport (RTS) after primary ACL reconstruction, which included secondary, stratified analyses of graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Registry study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted in January 2026 from an ACL-rehabilitation-specific registry, Project ACL. Included patients were 15-50 years who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon or bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft, had a documented Beighton Score, participated in knee-strenuous sports before injury, had RTS, reported second ACL injury or had ≥ 1 year follow-up without second ACL injury after RTS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of second ACL injury (measured from RTS) based on the Beighton Score, adjusted for age, return to pre-injury physical activity level or higher, graft choice, knee hyperextension (≥ 10° knee extension), and patient sex, accounting for competing risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 935 patients (mean age 23.7 ± 7.8 years, 51.4% female), with median Beighton Score of 2 (interquartile range: 4). The median follow-up time was 54.4 months. The cumulative incidence of second ACL injury after RTS was 13.1%. Specifically, the cumulative incidence for graft rupture was 7.4% and 5.7% for contralateral ACL injury. For the primary outcome, each additional positive joint hypermobility test on the Beighton Score was associated with a significantly increased hazard of second ACL injury (adjusted HR: 1.10 (95% CI 1.003-1.22, p = 0.044). For the secondary outcomes, each additional test was associated with an increased hazard of graft rupture (adjusted HR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30, p = 0.031), whereas no statistically significant association was observed for contralateral ACL injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HR of second ACL injury (graft rupture or contralateral ACL injury) after RTS in patients who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction increased by 10%, and by 15% for isolated graft rupture, for each positive joint hypermobility test on the Beighton Score, while no association was observed for contralateral ACL injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Trends in Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness of European Children and Adolescents from 1965 to 2025: A Systematic Review of Data on 417,362 Participants from 20 Countries.","authors":"Daniel Domingo-Del-Val, Gabriel Lozano-Berges, Ana Moradell, Alejandro Gómez-Bruton, Ángel Matute-Llorente, José Antonio Casajús","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01032-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01032-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical fitness is an important indicator of health during childhood and adolescence. Several components of physical fitness showed declining trends, with periods of acceleration or stabilisation depending on the component. Although Europe is the most studied continent, existing reviews have largely relied on single-test approaches or descriptive summaries, without simultaneously examining all health-related components, accounting for between-study variability analyses, or extending monitoring beyond 2014 to include the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review aims to analyse temporal trends of health-related components of physical fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-16 years, examining differences by sex and age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Scopus up to December 2025. Eligible studies were conducted in European countries and included children and adolescents aged 6-16 years, using repeated cross-sectional designs and reporting physical fitness components at two or more time points including sample sizes, means and standard deviations. Study quality was assessed with a modified Downs and Black checklist. Data were standardised into z scores based on sample-weighted means and standard deviations, considering the study, physical fitness component, sex and age. Linear mixed models were developed for each physical fitness component to estimate trends (linear, quadratic or cubic) and interactions by sex or age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight studies were included, representing 417,362 children and adolescents, from 20 European countries between 1965 and 2023. Cardiorespiratory endurance increased until the 1980s, then declined with a deceleration between 2015 and 2023. Body composition decreased linearly up to 2022, more markedly among males. Upper-body strength declined from the 1970s to 2020s, stabilising between the 1980s and 2000s. Lower-body strength increased until the 1980s and declined until 2023. Flexibility declined continuously, with an accelerated decrease after the 2000s.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health-related components of physical fitness showed persistent declines among European children and adolescents, with differences in the shape and magnitude of trends. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of the available evidence and the need for a standardised, valid and feasible European fitness test battery. Public initiatives should continue to promote adherence to physical activity guidelines, particularly muscle-strengthening recommendations.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO ID: CRD42024609888.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148296171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Football-Related Exposures, Head Injury, Tinnitus, and Neuropsychological Health Outcomes Among Professional American-Style Football Players.","authors":"Niki A Konstantinides, Michael Leung, Rachel Grashow, Jo Ann Pugh, Elizabeth Nolan, Alicia J Whittington, Frank E Speizer, Herman A Taylor, Aaron L Baggish, Ross D Zafonte, Marc G Weisskopf","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01053-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01053-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Auditory dysfunction such as tinnitus is a common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and has been associated with neurobehavioral outcomes, including cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety. Few studies have examined associations between concussion history and tinnitus independent of confounding by blast injury or occupational noise exposure. This study investigated concussion history and tinnitus among former professional American-style football (ASF) players, and evaluated whether tinnitus mediates associations between concussion history and neurobehavioral outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included former ASF players who contracted with a professional league after 1960 and completed self-administered questionnaires between 2019-2025. Surveys assessed football exposure, auditory dysfunction, and mental health. Cumulative head injury exposure was measured using self-reported concussion signs and symptoms during play. Tinnitus was self-reported and assessed concurrently with validated measures of perceived cognition, depression, and anxiety. Logistic regression evaluated associations between concussion symptom history and tinnitus, and linear regression models assessed mediation and interaction effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1085 participants (mean age 57.9 ± 13.5 years; 32.4% Black; 6.1 ± 3.7 seasons), greater concussion symptom history was associated with increased odds of tinnitus (highest vs. lowest quintile: OR = 2.90; 95%CI 1.91-4.43; p < 0.0001). Tinnitus did not mediate associations between concussion symptom history and neurobehavioral outcomes. However, associations with perceived cognition (p-interaction = 0.1), depression (p-interaction < 0.01), and anxiety (p-interaction < 0.01) were larger among participants reporting tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater concussion symptom history was associated with increased reporting of tinnitus, and neurobehavioral associations were stronger among those with tinnitus. Clinicians should consider tinnitus when evaluating long-term cognitive and mental health outcomes following repeated head injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Rating-of-Fatigue Scale.","authors":"Mohamed Ali Baccouche, Khaled Trabelsi, Liwa Masmoudi, Haitham Jahrami, Achraf Ammar, Hamdi Chtourou","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01052-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01052-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Rating-of-Fatigue (ROF) scale is increasingly used to quantify subjective sensations of fatigue in exercise science. However, despite its growing international use, its psychometric properties have not yet been examined in Arabic-speaking populations. This study aimed to translate the ROF into Arabic and evaluate its content validity, face validity, and construct validity relative to perceived exertion and heart rate (HR) responses during graded exercise and subsequent passive recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in Tunisia and followed established international best-practice guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. The ROF and its instructions were forward-translated, synthesized, and back-translated using blinded translators, with linguistic and conceptual equivalence evaluated using Sperber's framework and expert committee review. Face validity was assessed in 68 Arabic-speaking adults. Construct validity was examined in 43 adult participants during a modified Bruce treadmill test followed by 10 min of seated recovery, with the Arabic Rating-of-Fatigue scale (ROF-Ar), Borg CR10, and HR recorded at each exercise stage and during recovery. Within-participant correlations were pooled using Fisher's r-to-z transformation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sperber-based ratings indicated high linguistic and conceptual equivalence between the ROF-Ar and the original scale, with no item exceeding the predefined revision threshold. Face validity findings showed that participants predominantly interpreted the ROF-Ar as a measure of fatigue rather than exertion and that standardized instructions improved descriptor-related comprehensibility and reduced perceived difficulty. During graded exercise, ROF-Ar demonstrated very strong pooled correlations with Borg CR10 (r = 0.94; 95% CI 0.92-0.95; p < 0.001) and HR (r = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.96; p < 0.001). During recovery, the association between ROF-Ar and Borg CR10 attenuated substantially (r = 0.35; 95% CI 0.15-0.52; p < 0.001), whereas the association with HR remained moderate (r = 0.63; 95% CI 0.49-0.74; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Arabic version of the ROF demonstrated high linguistic and conceptual equivalence, adequate face validity, and strong construct validity. The recovery-phase dissociation between perceived fatigue and perceived exertion supports the intended conceptual distinction of the ROF and justifies the use of ROF-Ar for assessing subjective fatigue during exercise and recovery in Arabic-speaking research and applied settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13282412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading on Mean Concentric Velocity During Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiahao Yang, Tsuyoshi Nagatani, Paul Comfort, Kristina L Kendall, G Gregory Haff","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01031-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01031-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) may acutely enhance the concentric (CON) barbell velocity after the additional eccentric (ECC) load is removed, however there are inconsistent results regarding the effectiveness of this practice within the scientific literature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aims of the present study were to: (1) examine the acute effects of applying AEL, only on the first repetition of a set, on mean barbell velocity during the CON phase of the first 3 repetitions of the set and (2) investigate the influence of the magnitude of ECC load, loading differential and exercise selection on the acute effects of AEL.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed literature. Eligible studies included those that applied a greater external load during the ECC phase than during the CON phase in free-weight resistance training in an injury-free, strength-trained population. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) adapted for crossover trials. The outcome of interest was the mean barbell CON velocity across the first three repetitions, comparing the AEL condition (AEL applied on the first repetition only) to the traditional (TRAD) loading condition. Correlated and hierarchical effects models, with robust variance estimation and small-sample adjustment, were fitted. Moderator analyses were used to examine whether ECC load (i.e., ECC load = vs. &gt; 100% TRAD one-repetition maximum [1RM]), loading differential (≥ vs. &lt; 40% TRAD 1RM), and exercise selection (back squat vs. bench press) influenced the acute effects of AEL across repetitions. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The final analysis included 8 studies (106 participants, male: n = 90, female: n = 16). AEL significantly impaired mean barbell velocity during the subsequent CON phase immediately after its removal (effect size [ES] = -0.25, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: [-0.33, -0.16], p &lt; 0.001). The mean CON velocity impairment diminished by the second (ES = 0.01, 95% CI: [-0.10, 0.12], p = 0.822) and third (ES = 0.08, 95% CI: [-0.08, 0.23], p = 0.313) repetitions of the set. However, the certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Of all moderators examined, the application of AEL with the back squat resulted in greater velocity reductions during the first repetition only than those seen for the bench press (ES = -0.33 [back squat]; ES = -0.11 [bench press], p = 0.022).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;AEL impaired the mean barbell velocity during the CON phase immediately after its removal compared with TRAD loading. This reduction in mean CON velocity appears greater in the back squat than in the bench press and is likely to dissipate across the subsequent repetitions following the removal of AEL. Protocol Registration The original","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Sport Type to the Association Between Handgrip Strength and Morbidity/Mortality: Future Follow-up Study and Possible Mechanisms.","authors":"Takashi Abe, Jeremy P Loenneke, Koya Suzuki, Yoshimitsu Kohmura, Akemi Abe, Shuichi Machida, Hisashi Naito","doi":"10.1186/s40798-026-01047-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-026-01047-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant research efforts to advance the field, the mechanisms underlying the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and morbidity and/or mortality still need to be fully understood. We focused on the debate in previous studies regarding the mechanism of this association and examined the impact of the main covariates utilized in those studies on HGS and morbidity and/or mortality. Physical activity has been extensively investigated in previous studies as a covariate to explain the association between HGS and morbidity and/or mortality, but no consensus has been reached that physical activity is a mediator explaining this association. Assessing people's complete lifetime physical activity history is a challenging task. To help better understand the association between the two, we proposed a research model that focuses on the type of sport played during the developmental period and explores their impact on morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Furthermore, if sport contributes to HGS improvements during development and influences morbidity and mortality, we also proposed mechanisms that could be considered in future studies. Unfortunately, further follow-up is needed before the success of this research model can be confirmed. Future studies would also be necessary to clarify the factors related to the future health benefits of improving HGS during development.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}