Sports Medicine - Open最新文献

{"title":"Associations of Sex and Sport Contact-Level with Recovery Timelines Among Collegiate Athletes with Sport-Related Concussion.","authors":"Bernadette A D'Alonzo, Andrea L C Schneider, Ian J Barnett, Christina L Master, Abigail C Bretzin, Douglas J Wiebe","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00742-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00742-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growing interest has motivated recent studies to examine differences in recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC) by sex. However, heterogeneity in study design, participants, and recovery outcomes has led to mixed findings. Further work is needed to evaluate potential differences by sex and to investigate the role of related characteristics, such as sport contact-level, in recovery timelines. This study aimed to investigate whether concussion recovery trajectories differ by sex, considering a priori clinical and demographic covariates, and accounting for the sequence of recovery outcomes. Our secondary question was whether sport contact-level modifies the relationship between sex and time to outcomes. Using data from the Ivy League-Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study, we included SRCs reported across five academic years; 2015-2020 (February 2020). We used Cox proportional hazards regressions to estimate associations between sex and time from injury to three outcomes: (1) symptom resolution, (2) return to academics, (3) return to full play, accounting for measured confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1160 SRCs (male, n = 667; female, n = 493) with complete data, median age overall was 20 years (25th-75th percentiles:19-21), and most occurred among athletes playing high-contact sports (78.0%). Males were slightly more likely to complete symptom resolution over time compared to females (HR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.05-1.33), but results were attenuated in fully adjusted models (HR 1.13, 95%CI = 0.99-1.29). Similarly, the HR of full academic return for males compared to females was 1.22 (95%CI = 1.07-1.38), but was attenuated in fully adjusted models (HR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.97-1.28). The HR of full return to play for males compared to females was 1.14 (95%CI = 1.02-1.28), and was attenuated after adjustment (HR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.93-1.20) as well. The interaction between sex and playing a high/low-contact sport was not statistically significant across models, though differences were apparent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among a cohort of collegiate athletes with SRC, recovery timelines appeared similar between male and female athletes, adjusting for measured confounders. Differences by sex, considering sport contact-level, were evident and may be important clinically and in future studies. This study used robust methods, accounting for nesting in the sequence of RTP outcomes. Results inform concussion management protocols and planned qualitative work to further elucidate how collegiate athletes experience concussion recovery.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Heterogeneity in study design, participants, and recovery outcomes has led to mixed findings in determining differences in recovery trajectories after concussion by sex. We found that having longer time to symptom resolution, and also the sequence of having academic return before symptoms resolve and longer time to academic return were confou","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Comment on: Machine Learning for Understanding and Predicting Injuries in Football\".","authors":"Aritra Majumdar, Rashid Bakirov, Tim Rees","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00751-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00751-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Machine Learning for Understanding and Predicting Injuries in Football","authors":"Garrett S. Bullock, Patrick Ward, Gary S. Collins, Tom Hughes, Franco Impellizzeri","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00745-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00745-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dear Editor,</p><p>We recently read the article titled “Machine Learning for Understanding and Predicting Injuries in Football” in Sports Medicine – Open [1]. Given that injury prediction is an emerging topic within sport, the increasing interest and excitement towards complex machine learning algorithms within this space is a cause for concern when fundamental principles of prediction model development are not followed. As such, we feel the need to intervene and highlight methodological and conceptual inaccuracies.</p><p>The models presented in this paper were deemed by the authors to be “quite sound” [1]. However, this is not true, as recently highlighted in the systematic review in Sports Medicine [2]. All of these models were included in this systematic review, and after evaluation with the established Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) [3], were rated as high or unclear risk of bias [2].</p><p>The authors detail that, “the use of machine learning has great potential to unearth new insights into the workload and injury relationship.”[1] Prediction models may use both causal and non-causal predictors to estimate the risk of a future outcome [4, 5]. Consequently, it is inappropriate to use the included predictors to infer causal relationships between individual predictors and the outcome [6, 7]. Further, the authors state that Shapley values, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations, and partial dependency plots can be used to assist in interpreting cause-effect relationships with machine learning models [8]. These tools assess for associations between predictors and outcomes and, regardless of how these methods are labelled, the popular adage “correlation is not causation” still holds [8]. Importantly, these methods remain explorative, provide post hoc explanations (rationalization), and require confirmatory studies.</p><p>Such inaccurate and incorrect interpretations of clinical prediction models are of particular concern. This is because they can lead practitioners to attempt to change injury risk by intervening or manipulating predictor variables under the false assumption of a causal relationship; while these strategies are likely ineffective, they also have potentially harmful consequences for the athlete [4, 5, 9].</p><p>While the authors promote balancing dataset outcomes through over and under-sampling [1], this is highly discouraged as ‘balancing’ datasets alters the outcome prevalence, biasing towards overestimating risk.[10, 11] Balancing data without appropriate recalibration can inappropriately impact risk prediction and ultimately decision-making [11]. The authors also encourage creating classification models. Classification models are not recommended as this supersedes clinical and performance decision-making from the model users [11]. Classification models do not allow situational context and assume all situations and individuals have the same risk threshold. Prediction models should be developed ","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biomechanical Influence of Step Width on Typical Locomotor Activities: A Systematic Review","authors":"Yuan Wang, Qichang Mei, Hanhui Jiang, Karsten Hollander, Pieter Van den Berghe, Justin Fernandez, Yaodong Gu","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00750-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-024-00750-4","url":null,"abstract":"Step width is a spatial variable in the frontal plane, defined as the mediolateral distance between the heel (forefoot during sprinting) of bilateral feet at initial contact. Variations in step width may impact the lower limb biomechanics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the published findings to determine the influence of acute changes in step width on locomotion biomechanics and provide implications for injury prevention and enhanced sports performance. Literature was identified, selected, and appraised in accordance with the methods of a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched up until May 2023 with the development of inclusion criteria based on the PICO model. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and the measured parameters were summarized. Twenty-three articles and 399 participants were included in the systematic review. The average quality score of the 23 studies included was 9.39 (out of 14). Step width changed the kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes of the lower limb, such as peak rearfoot eversion angle and moment, peak hip adduction angle and moment, knee flexion moment, peak knee internal rotation angle, as well as knee external rotation moment. Alteration of step width has the potential to change the stability and posture during locomotion, and evidence exists for the immediate biomechanical effects of variations in step width to alter proximal kinematics and cues to impact loading variables. Short-term changes in step width during walking, running, and sprinting influenced multiple lower extremity biomechanics. Narrower step width may result in poor balance and higher impact loading on the lower extremities during walking and running and may limit an athlete’s sprint performance. Increasing step width may be beneficial for injury rehabilitation, i.e., for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome or tibial bone stress injury. Wider steps increase the supporting base and typically enhance balance control, which in turn could reduce the risks of falling during daily activities. Altering the step width is thus proposed as a simple and non-invasive treatment method in clinical practice. Short-term changes in step width during gait could influence multiple lower extremity biomechanics. Increasing step width may be beneficial for specific injury rehabilitation. Wider steps increase the supporting base and typically enhance balance control to reduce the falling risks. ","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review.","authors":"Tijana Sharp, Katie Slattery, Aaron J Coutts, Mikah van Gogh, Lara Ralph, Lee Wallace","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00747-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00747-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37,090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed 'high-intensity' exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., < 77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.</p><p><strong>Preregistration: </strong>osf.io/yknq4.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11263329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of Muscle Architecture, Morphology, and Quality in Influencing Human Sprint Cycling Performance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Saul Martin-Rodriguez, Juan J Gonzalez-Henriquez, Iker J Bautista, Jose A L Calbet, Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00752-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00752-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review aimed to discern the relationships between muscle morphology, architecture, and quality with sprint cycling performance while considering the multifaceted nature of these relationships across diverse studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing the PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search was performed across four primary databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and SPORTDiscus. The Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Out of 3971 initially identified records, only 10 studies met the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These investigations underscored the robust relationship of quadriceps muscle volume with peak power output (R² from 0.65 to 0.82), suggesting its pivotal role in force production. In muscle architecture, the pennation angle and fascicle length showed varied associations with performance. Furthermore, muscle quality, as denoted by echo intensity, showed preliminary evidence of a potential inverse relationship with performance. The methodological quality assessment revealed varied scores, with the most consistent reporting on the aim, endpoints, and inclusion of consecutive patients. However, limitations were observed in the prospective calculation of study size and unbiased assessment of study endpoints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that muscle volume is a major determinant of sprint cycling performance. Muscle architecture and quality also impact performance, although in a more intricate way. The review calls for standardised methodologies in future research for a more comprehensive understanding and comparability of results.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023432824 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=432824 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Essential and Optimal Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Medicines for Athletes at the Olympic Games.","authors":"Mark Stuart, Mohammed Farooq, Trudy Thomas, Nada Mohamed-Ali, Mohammed Al-Maadheed, Vidya Mohamed-Ali","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00743-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00743-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2019, the International Olympic Committee published the first Olympic and Paralympic Model Formulary (OPF), which defined the standardised set of medications required at every Olympic and Paralympic Games for the treatment of athletes. This study aimed to test the OPF to determine whether it meets the clinical needs of the athlete population with respect to medications used for pain and/or inflammation (PI), and to present a revised set of essential PI medications for the OPF based on prevalence of athlete use. Medication-use data of athletes at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Olympic Games (n = 6155) from three sources were used to establish prevalence of PI medicine use and to revise the OPF: (i) doping control forms, (ii) pharmacy dispensing reports, and (iii) injection declaration forms. This revised list was further validated through (iv) medication importation declarations by teams (n = 156), and (v) survey of team physicians (n = 382).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall prevalence of PI medication use was 36.7%, with higher use by female athletes (female: 44.1%; male: 30.0%; p < 0.001), with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most used class (27%). Use of medications with safety risks were identified, including nimesulide, piroxicam and metamizole. A revised list of 48 PI medications was recommended for the OPF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research led to a revised set of essential medications for the treatment of pain and inflammation to be available for athletes at the Olympic Games, which would lead to a 7% improvement in the numbers of athletes who could have their exact PI medication requirements met by the OPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Problems of Professional Ballet Dancers: an Analysis of 1627 Weekly Self-Reports on Injuries, Illnesses and Mental Health Problems During One Season.","authors":"Astrid Junge, Anja Hauschild, Janine H Stubbe, Rogier M van Rijn","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00753-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00753-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have investigated injuries of (pre-)professional ballet dancers, however most used a medical-attention and/or time-loss definition and did not analyse the prevalence of all health problems. The aim was to analyse the frequency and characteristics of all self-reported physical and mental health complaints (i.e. injuries, illnesses and mental health problems) of professional ballet dancers during one season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three professional ballet companies were prospectively monitored weekly during one season with the Performing artist and Athlete Health Monitor (PAHM). Numerical rating scales (ranging 0-10) were used for severity of musculoskeletal pain, all health problems and impairment of the ability to dance at full potential in the previous seven days. If dancers rated the severity of their health problems or their impairment greater than 0, they were asked to answer specific questions on the characteristics of each health problem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a period of 44 weeks, 57 dancers (57.9% female) filled in 1627 weekly reports (response rate of 64.9%), in which 1020 (62.7%) health problem were registered. The dancers reported musculoskeletal pain in 82.2% of the weeks. They felt that their ability to dance at their full potential was affected due to a health problem in about every second week (52.6%) or on at least 29.1% of the days documented in the weekly reports. Almost all dancers (96.5%) reported at least one injury, almost two thirds (64.9%) an illness and more than a quarter (28.1%) a mental health problem. On average, every dancer reported 5.6 health problems during the season. Most of the 320 health problems were injuries (73.1%), 16.9% illnesses and 10.0% mental health problems. Injuries affected mainly ankle, thigh, foot, and lower back and were mostly incurred during rehearsal (41.6%) or training (26.1%). The most frequent subjective reasons of injury were \"too much workload\" (35.3%), \"tiredness/exhaustion\" (n = 22.4%) and \"stress/overload/insufficient regeneration\" (n = 21.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preventive interventions are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of health problems and especially injuries of professional dancers. Injury prevention measures should regard the balance of the load capacity of professional dancers and the workload in training, rehearsals and performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11254869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Oxygen Uptake is Slope Dependent: Insights from Ground Reaction Forces and Muscle Oxygenation in Trained Male Runners.","authors":"Marcel Lemire, Frédéric Meyer, Rosalie Triguera, Fabrice Favret, Grégoire P Millet, Stéphane P Dufour","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00746-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00746-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to explore the effect of treadmill slope on ground reaction forces and local muscle oxygenation as putative limiting factors of peak oxygen uptake in graded maximal incremental running tests. Thirteen trained male runners completed five maximal incremental running tests on treadmill at - 15%, - 7.5%, 0%, 7.5% and 15% slopes while cardiorespiratory and local muscle oxygenation responses as well as ground reaction forces were continuously recorded. Blood lactate concentration and isometric knee extensor torque were measured before and after each test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak oxygen uptake was lower at - 15% slope compared to all other conditions (from - 10 to - 17% lower, p < 0.001), with no difference between - 7.5 and + 15% slope. Maximal heart rate and ventilation values were reached in all conditions. The negative external mechanical work increased from steep uphill to steep downhill slopes (from 6 to 92% of total external work) but was not correlated with the peak oxygen uptake reduction. Local muscle oxygenation remained higher in - 15% slope compared to level running (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Similar peak oxygen uptake can be reached in downhill running up to - 7.5% slope. At more severe downhill slopes (i.e., - 15%), greater negative muscle work and limited local muscle deoxygenation occurred, even in subjects familiarized to downhill running, presumably preventing the achievement of similar to other condition's peak oxygen uptake.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Trained male runners can reach like level running V̇O_2peak at moderate but not at severe negative slope. Negative external mechanical work increases with increasing negative slope. At maximal intensity Vastus Lateralis muscle oxygenation is higher in steep negative slope. Knee extensor isometric muscle torque is preserved after maximal level and uphill running, but reduced after downhill running, despite lower blood lactate. Progressive reduction of V̇O₂ at maximal effort with increasing negative slope might be related to the metabolic consequences of increased lower limb negative external work (i.e., eccentric muscle actions).</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mitoquinone (MitoQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Oxidative Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Rafael A Casuso","doi":"10.1186/s40798-024-00741-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40798-024-00741-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contracting skeletal muscle produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources. The use of non-specific antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, during exercise has produced inconsistent results in terms of exercise performance. Consequently, the effects of the mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q10, named Mitoquinone (MitoQ) on exercise responses are currently under investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize research assessing the impact of MitoQ on aerobic endurance performance and exercise-induced oxidative damage. PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were used to select articles from inception to January 16th of 2024. Inclusion criteria were MitoQ supplementation must be compared with a placebo group, showing acute exercise responses in both; for crossover designs, at least 14 d of washout was needed, and exercise training can be concomitant to MitoQ or placebo supplementation if the study meets the other inclusion criteria points. The risk of bias was evaluated through the Critical Appraisal Checklist (JBI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified eight studies encompassing a total sample size of 188 subjects. Our findings indicate that MitoQ supplementation effectively reduces exercise-induced oxidative damage (SMD: -1.33; 95% CI: -2.24 to -0.43). Furthermore, our findings indicate that acute and/or chronic MitoQ supplementation does not improve endurance exercise performance (SMD: -0.50; 95% CI: -1.39 to 0.40) despite reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress. Notably, our sensitivity analysis reveals that MitoQ may benefit subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in improving exercise tolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While MitoQ effectively reduces exercise-induced oxidative damage, no evidence suggests that aerobic exercise performance is enhanced by either acute or chronic MitoQ supplementation. However, acute MitoQ supplementation may improve exercise tolerance in subjects with PAD. Future research should investigate whether MitoQ supplementation concurrent with exercise training (e.g., 4-16 weeks) alters adaptations induced by exercise alone and using different doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21788,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine - Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}