步宽对典型运动活动的生物力学影响:系统回顾

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Yuan Wang, Qichang Mei, Hanhui Jiang, Karsten Hollander, Pieter Van den Berghe, Justin Fernandez, Yaodong Gu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

步宽是额平面上的一个空间变量,定义为双脚在初始接触时脚跟(短跑时为前脚)之间的内外侧距离。步宽的变化可能会影响下肢生物力学。本系统综述旨在综合已发表的研究结果,确定步幅的急性变化对运动生物力学的影响,并为预防损伤和提高运动表现提供参考。我们按照系统综述的方法对文献进行了识别、筛选和评估。在 PICO 模型的基础上制定了纳入标准,对截至 2023 年 5 月的四个电子数据库(Web of Science、MEDLINE via PubMed、Scopus 和 ScienceDirect)进行了检索。研究质量采用唐斯和布莱克核对表进行评估,并对测量参数进行总结。系统综述共纳入 23 篇文章和 399 名参与者。纳入的 23 项研究的平均质量得分为 9.39 分(满分 14 分)。步幅改变了下肢矢状面、前方面和横向面的运动学和动力学,如后脚掌外翻角度和力矩峰值、髋关节内收角度和力矩峰值、膝关节屈曲力矩、膝关节内旋角度峰值以及膝关节外旋力矩。步幅的改变有可能改变运动过程中的稳定性和姿势,有证据表明步幅的变化会立即产生生物力学效应,改变近端运动学和影响负荷变量的线索。行走、跑步和冲刺时步幅的短期变化会影响多种下肢生物力学。较窄的步幅可能会导致运动员在行走和跑步过程中平衡能力较差,下肢受到的冲击负荷较大,并可能限制运动员的冲刺表现。增加台阶宽度可能有利于伤病康复,如髌股关节疼痛综合征、髂胫带综合征或胫骨应力损伤患者。更宽的台阶能增加支撑基础,通常能增强平衡控制能力,从而降低在日常活动中跌倒的风险。因此,在临床实践中,改变步幅被认为是一种简单、非侵入性的治疗方法。步态中步幅的短期变化可影响多种下肢生物力学。增加步幅可能有利于特定损伤的康复。更宽的台阶可增加支撑基础,通常可增强平衡控制,从而降低跌倒风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Biomechanical Influence of Step Width on Typical Locomotor Activities: A Systematic Review
Step width is a spatial variable in the frontal plane, defined as the mediolateral distance between the heel (forefoot during sprinting) of bilateral feet at initial contact. Variations in step width may impact the lower limb biomechanics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the published findings to determine the influence of acute changes in step width on locomotion biomechanics and provide implications for injury prevention and enhanced sports performance. Literature was identified, selected, and appraised in accordance with the methods of a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched up until May 2023 with the development of inclusion criteria based on the PICO model. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and the measured parameters were summarized. Twenty-three articles and 399 participants were included in the systematic review. The average quality score of the 23 studies included was 9.39 (out of 14). Step width changed the kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes of the lower limb, such as peak rearfoot eversion angle and moment, peak hip adduction angle and moment, knee flexion moment, peak knee internal rotation angle, as well as knee external rotation moment. Alteration of step width has the potential to change the stability and posture during locomotion, and evidence exists for the immediate biomechanical effects of variations in step width to alter proximal kinematics and cues to impact loading variables. Short-term changes in step width during walking, running, and sprinting influenced multiple lower extremity biomechanics. Narrower step width may result in poor balance and higher impact loading on the lower extremities during walking and running and may limit an athlete’s sprint performance. Increasing step width may be beneficial for injury rehabilitation, i.e., for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome or tibial bone stress injury. Wider steps increase the supporting base and typically enhance balance control, which in turn could reduce the risks of falling during daily activities. Altering the step width is thus proposed as a simple and non-invasive treatment method in clinical practice. Short-term changes in step width during gait could influence multiple lower extremity biomechanics. Increasing step width may be beneficial for specific injury rehabilitation. Wider steps increase the supporting base and typically enhance balance control to reduce the falling risks.
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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