{"title":"3D information fusion of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for extended depth of field using pyramid transform","authors":"Xiongjun Cao, Zhihui Li, Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1117/12.2601652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601652","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, more and more organizations and teams in the world are engaged in photoacoustic imaging research. Photoacoustic imaging is in a state of vigorous development. As an important branch of photoacoustic microscopy, optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy combines the advantages of optical imaging and acoustic imaging, which has the advantages of high resolution, high contrast, high sensitivity and non-invasiveness. However, in order to obtain high resolution, it is often necessary to focus the laser beam, which will lead to small imaging depth of field and unable to obtain large-scale structural information. However, in clinical diagnosis, doctors want to obtain large-scale and high-resolution structural and functional information as much as possible, so it is of great significance to solve the problem of small depth of field in photoacoustic microscopy. In order to expand the depth of field of photoacoustic microscopy imaging, this paper proposes a three-dimensional information fusion algorithm for photoacoustic microscopy imaging. Firstly, we obtain two sets of vascular data (except the focus position) by virtual photoacoustic microscopy. Then we take out the B scan data of two sets of three-dimensional data sets in turn, and use the fusion algorithm based on pyramid transform to fuse them. Finally, the maximum projection is used to restore the original data and the fused data. We compare the maximum projection before and after fusion. The experimental results show that the algorithm realizes the extension of the depth of field, and the fused data successfully displays more abundant vascular information in an image, and maintains the advantages of high contrast and high resolution of photoacoustic microscopy imaging.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133644666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compressed sensing photoacoustic tomography using Stagewise Weak OMP algorithm based on k-wave: a simulation study","authors":"Zihao Li, Aojie Zhao, Hongyu Zhang, Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1117/12.2600751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600751","url":null,"abstract":"Photoacoustic tomography technology is a new non-invasive, non-ionizing biomedical imaging method. This technology combines the high contrast of optical imaging and the high-resolution characteristics of ultrasound imaging, which can obtain high-resolution images in deeper tissues. In recent years, it has developed rapidly and won widespread attention. Traditional sampling method must follow the Nyquist sampling theorem, which wastes a lot of sensing time and storage space. In order to improve the sampling efficiency, compressed sensing (CS) theory is used to collect and process photoacoustic data. The advantage of CS theory is that it can combine data acquisition and data compression. So that only the sparse features of the original signal need to be collected, and a high-quality original target image can be successfully reconstructed with very few samples, which greatly reduces data redundancy. More than that, the requirements for equipment are reduced. This paper uses MATLAB's k-wave simulation toolbox to establish a virtual photoacoustic field, collect the photoacoustic signals of biological tissues, and reconstruct the image through the segmented weak orthogonal matching pursuit (StOMP) algorithm. The results show that the MATLAB virtual compressed sensing photoacoustic tomography simulation platform based on k-wave can realize high-quality photoacoustic tomography with less data. The superiority of the compressed sensing theory and the efficiency of the k-wave virtual platform are verified.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Open source library for polarimetric calculations “py_pol”","authors":"J. del Hoyo, L. Sanchez-Brea, Angela Soria-Garcia","doi":"10.1117/12.2597163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597163","url":null,"abstract":"We present py_pol, an open source library developed in Python. It can be used to perform polarization calculations both in Jones and Stokes-Mueller formalism, so it can be used from simple to very complex problems. It allows creating and manipulating light states and optical elements, calculating and plotting many parameters and checks, and even performing advanced algorithms to filter experimental errors. Also, it is optimized for managing multiple light states or optical elements simultaneously requiring very few computation resources. It has an extensive documentation, allowing the user to easily learn the use of the library.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133782662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis for a polarization imaging system with rotational alignment errors from polarizing elements","authors":"Jianlin Nie, S. Xiao, M. Takeda, Wen Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2599863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599863","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we give a spatial frequency analysis of polarization imaging system and study the effects of rotational alignment errors of the polarizer from their ideal orientations. With the help of newly proposed Optical Transfer Matrix (OTM) for a diffraction-limited polarization imaging system, we investigate the effects of polarization-sensitive aberrations from the generalized pupil matrix at the exit pupil plane. Here, polarization aberrations stemming from the angular alignment errors of a linear polarizer has been demonstrated. The performance of a polarization imaging system with rotational alignment error has also been evaluated based on a cost function based on OTM.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122722171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoying Hu, Hao Li, S. Hu, Weiguo Liu, M. Takeda, Wen Wang
{"title":"Nonlinearity in polarization imaging system with partially polarized and partially coherent illumination","authors":"Xiaoying Hu, Hao Li, S. Hu, Weiguo Liu, M. Takeda, Wen Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2597114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597114","url":null,"abstract":"As an advanced technology, polarization imaging has attracted widespread interests in recent years due to its unique ability to detect the polarization information of objects. With illumination of partially coherent and partially polarized light, the polarization imaging systems are in generally nonlinear systems because they do not possess a transfer matrix in the usual sense. Nonetheless, it is possible to apply a sinusoidal amplitude object at the input and to measure a periodic output. However, unlike the linear case, knowledge of the response of the polarization system to a sinusoidal input does not allow one to predict what the output will be for other types of inputs. To address the fundamental nonlinearity in evaluation of the Stokes images, we provide a frequency- domain calculation of Stoke images of a sinusoidal amplitude grating under partially polarized and partially coherent illumination, and propose a new concept referred to as transmission cross coefficients to describe its frequency response of polarization imaging system. Some of the implications of such analysis are also given for polarization imaging evaluation.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131404018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Propagation of light in gradient index media with symmetrical iso-indicial (constant refractive index) contours","authors":"Conor Flynn, A. Goncharov","doi":"10.1117/12.2597084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597084","url":null,"abstract":"Light propagation in non-homogeneous media with varying refractive index is challenging to analyse, even with knowledge of the gradient index (GRIN) structure n(x,y,z). Differential equations can be used to describe the path light rays take when travelling through a medium. Solutions to a differential equation are used to calculate the focal length of a GRIN lens with focus on quadratic GRIN profiles. Ray-tracing in GRIN media is notoriously difficult, and usually not possible without numerical methods, however for several types of GRIN lenses, the analytical solution exists. Examples of spherical GRIN lenses can be found in nature such as the lens in an octopus eye. A formula is proposed here to calculate the focal length of such a lens which will be compared to previous studies and models created on ray-tracing software, ZEMAX.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compressed sensing photoacoustic imaging for high-speed imaging with sparse measurement: a theoretical study","authors":"Jiaqi Tang, Aojie Zhao, Bo Li, Xianlin Song","doi":"10.1117/12.2596682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596682","url":null,"abstract":"As a new non-destructive medical imaging technology, photoacoustic imaging combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasonic imaging, which has the characteristics of high contrast and strong penetration ability. It can effectively image biological tissues and functions, and be applied to the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which has broad prospects for development in the field of biomedicine. When photoacoustic imaging is used to collect a large number of pathological medical images, it is prone to slow data transmission and poor reconstruction effect. In an effort to speed up data transmission and improve image reconstruction quality, this article is based on photoacoustic imaging technology and compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm, a virtual simulation platform of photoacoustic tomography combined with compressive sensing is built by using K-wave simulation toolbox, and the hard thresholding pursuit algorithm is used to complete the signal reconstruction. In order to verify the performance of the virtual simulation platform, in this paper, the local vascular network is compressed and reconstructed. The reconstructed image retains the main information of the original image, and the edge features are similar. The results show that the virtual simulation platform can reconstruct high quality images by a small amount of data, which provides important significance and theoretical research value for the application of the compressed sensing in photoacoustic imaging.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ampeliotis, C. Politi, A. Anastasiou, D. Alexandropoulos
{"title":"A regularized optimization approach for optogenetic stimulation using ferroelectric SLMs","authors":"D. Ampeliotis, C. Politi, A. Anastasiou, D. Alexandropoulos","doi":"10.1117/12.2599865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2599865","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the problem of designing proper Phase-Shifting Masks (PSMs) suitable for optogenetic applications is considered. In such applications, structured light is used to stimulate neurons or groups of neurons while short-term excitation is required to study the dynamics of the neuronal activity. In practice, such fast response times can be achieved only via the use of ferroelectric Spatial Light Modulators (fSLMs) that posses significantly smaller response times as compared to the, more common, liquid crystal based SLMs. However, typical fSLMs are restricted to using only a small number of discrete phase levels. To this end, we propose a regularized cost function for Phase-Shifting Mask design, that promotes phases in a discrete phase set. Significantly higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is achieved by the proposed approach, as compared to other approaches.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"51 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114366501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The virtual prototyping of complex optical systems on multiprocessor workstations","authors":"A. Zhdanov, D. Zhdanov, M. Sorokin","doi":"10.1117/12.2597178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597178","url":null,"abstract":"Realistic rendering that relies on physically correct laws of propagation and accumulation of light energy, is used for solving a wide range of applied problems, including virtual prototyping of complex optical systems. With the increasing computation efficiency and complexity of computational architecture, both rendering complexity, and the required computational accuracy increase. Taking into account that modern workstations might have several CPUs with up to 128 virtual cores each, the task of the effective parallelization of the rendering algorithms that utilize all CPU resources is an urgent challenge. In the scope of the current research, the authors investigated the application of various CPU parallelization approaches for the realistic rendering algorithms based on the backward photon mapping, and their limitations. These methods include traditional methods such as synchronous and asynchronous parallelization approaches and their combination. As a result of the research, the authors developed the three-level parallelization method, consisting of fully synchronous, partially synchronous, and asynchronous levels. The key feature of the three-level parallelization method is the additional semi-synchronous level with shared memory. Due to the use of semi-synchronous calculations and asynchronous data exchange between threads, there is no need to synchronize the access to a shared data, which results in increased rendering speed. The three-level parallelization model can also be used in distributed systems due to the asynchronous model is used at the top level. The results of the comparative testing of parallelization approaches on the multiprocessor workstation when rendering images formed by virtual prototypes of the real systems are presented.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128170450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Khomutov, R. Shimansky, R. K. Nasyrov, V. Korolkov
{"title":"Principles of operation and prospects for the development of laser lithographic systems for the synthesis of optical elements","authors":"V. Khomutov, R. Shimansky, R. K. Nasyrov, V. Korolkov","doi":"10.1117/12.2597050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597050","url":null,"abstract":"The development and research of new devices and systems of diffractive and integrated optics, which based on elements with thin-layer micro- and nanostructures, requires the improvement of the technological base. The most massive and lowcost is planar optical elements, on the surface of which diffractive and raster computer-synthesized micro- and nanostructures are formed, as well as structures based on synthesized metamaterials. In recent years, off-axis and axisymmetric computer-synthesized holograms for control and alignment of optical systems, microstructured optical elements with 3D microrelief for complex transformations of wavefronts and intensity distributions of light beams (micro-optics), integrated-optical passive and active circuits have been greatly developed. In this paper describes the principles of operation of two different scanning laser nanolithography system developed operating in a writing and polar coordinate system. Development and research work these lithographic systems were conducted at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS for many years. The areas of applicability of these systems are described, their differences and technical limitations are considered. The emphasis is made on fundamentally similar units of installations of this class and the prerequisites for their unification are considered. Methods for increasing their resolution, speed and accuracy of writing are proposed, prospects and directions of their development are analyzed. The results of writing test optical elements on metal films using the described methods are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":217586,"journal":{"name":"Optical Systems Design","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130139430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}