Environmental Impact IV最新文献

{"title":"MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS AND WATER RESOURCES","authors":"P. Montagna, Crystal Chaloupka, Elizabeth A. Del Rosario, Amanda M. Gordon, R. Kalke, T. Palmer, Evan L. Turner","doi":"10.2495/EID180161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180161","url":null,"abstract":"Construction of two dams on the Nueces River reduced environmental flow to the Nueces Marsh causing ecosystem degradation. A pipeline was built to enhance flows and restore hydrological connections between the river and marsh. Sediment and water quality has been monitored in Rincon Bayou since the pipeline was operational in 2009. Hydrologically, Rincon Bayou is still a reverse estuary that occasionally exhibits hypersaline conditions. The salinity can fluctuate from fresh to hypersaline, and hypersaline to fresh in very short time periods. Pumping from the Calallen Pool into Rincon Bayou occurs only when there is also natural inflow because that is the only time when passthrough is required. Nutrients are high when salinity is low. The diversity of macroinfauna and macroepifauna is low. There are very high fluctuations of abundance and biomass related to fluctuations in inflow. The low diversity and population fluctuations indicate the ecosystem is still disturbed. To improve the marsh, salinity should be maintained between 6 and 18 psu, minimum water depth should be between 0.2 m to 0.3 m, and to improve ecological stability inflows should be a continuous trickle, not a pulsed flood. Therefore, inflows from pumping should be continuous and not haphazard, and not dependent on pass-through requirements.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124640756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING POLYCARBOBETAINES FOR CU RECOVERY FROM CATHOLYTES GENERATED BY ELECTRODIALYTIC TREATMENT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH","authors":"G. Kirkelund, J. Mouton","doi":"10.2495/EID180391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180391","url":null,"abstract":"Electrodialytic remediation is a process that uses a low current density to remove heavy metals from different waste matrixes such as sewage sludge ash (SSA). The SSA is suspended in water and separated from the anolyte and catholyte compartments by ion exchange membranes. The heavy metal cations are separated from the ash and electromigrate into the catholyte, where they can electrodeposit on the cathode. Despite this electrodeposition, the catholyte contains heavy metals after the remediation process. Newly developed water-soluble polycarbobetaines (PCBets) have shown potential for selective removal of metal ions and especially Cu in synthetic solutions. In this study, it was investigated for the first time if the PCBets can remove Cu from the catholytes generated by electrodialytic remediation. Four electrodialytic separation experiments were made, treating SSA in slurries at liquid to solid ratios 3.5:21. The Cu removal from the SSA was between 6–30%, resulting in catholyte concentrations between 0.18–4.34 mg Cu/l. The Cu selective PCBet, PCEAC was added to the four different catholytes for Cu extraction after a pH adjustment to around five of the catholytes. The removal of Cu was almost negligible by the PCEAC, regardless of the initial Cu concentration. Thus, the samples were spiked with Cu to concentrations between 77–319 mg/l and then the removal of Cu was tested by the addition of PCEAC or PCEAMC from the catholyte solution, resulting in Cu removals up to 70% and 40% respectively. However, a significant co-adsorption of Al, Ca and Zn was also seen. Based on the results, there is a potential in combining the use of PCBets to electrodialytic treatment, however the metal concentration in the catholyte should be increased and the PCBets should be further developed to avoid co-adsorption.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128366361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SOLAR FARM PROTOTYPE DESIGN THAT ACHIEVES NET-ZERO STATUS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AT THE ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NATIONAL MONUMENT IN ARIZONA, USA","authors":"N. Chalfoun","doi":"10.2495/EID180361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180361","url":null,"abstract":"Faculty and students of the House Energy Doctor (HED) Master of Science program at the University of Arizona’s College of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape Architecture are currently engaged in a multi-year effort towards accomplishing a vision that would preserve the heritage of the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (OPNM) buildings while transforming its status into the first net-zero park in the United States. The project is a collaboration with experts in heritage architecture from the park and students and faculty of HED. During the years, 2015 and 2016, of the project, two major park-built areas have been redeveloped; the Visitor Center and the Residential loop. While the work on the visitor center was documented and published in WIT STREMAH 2017, Alicante, Spain, this paper presents the recent work performed in 2016 on the one-mile residential loop. Three major tasks have been accomplished in this built area and focused on transforming the existing 13 residences into net-zero operation. The first accomplishment is the energy efficiency achieved through the use of energy performance simulation and integration of advanced environmental systems. The second, is the economic impact through the alternative designs developed in Studio 601 that focused on regional sustainable energy efficient high-performance buildings using latest environmental technologies for indoor and outdoor spaces. Development of the residential loop conformed to Mission 66 standards while added an important education trail component to the complex. Finally, all environmental strategies used in the design development were verified by empirical research and experimentation in the House Energy Doctor laboratory. This paper demonstrates the methods of intervention used on the residential loop to achieve the net-zero status and three redesign schemes as well as the energy performance predictions and verifications. These valuable findings could then be transformed to the design profession to facilitate future net-zero performance buildings.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131852116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES IN CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT: CASE STUDIES FROM CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND","authors":"Bryan Robert Jenkins","doi":"10.2495/EID180031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180031","url":null,"abstract":"As sustainability limits are being reached there is a need to undertake cumulative impact assessments as well as assessments of a project’s environmental effects. In Canterbury sustainability limits were being reached in relation to water availability for further irrigation development and in relation to water quality decline due to diffuse pollution from land use intensification associated with irrigation. This paper identifies some of the challenges in cumulative impact assessment from the experience of its application to water management in Canterbury. The modelling of cumulative effects on Lake Benmore water quality due to land use intensification in the Mackenzie Basin indicated the problems of modelling uncertainties in setting catchment load limits. The setting of limits on extraction from the Rakaia-Selwyn groundwater zone indicated the need to review all existing consents for groundwater extraction to add constraints to manage cumulative extraction effects. Setting nitrogen limits on land use in the catchment of Wainono Lagoon highlighted the need to consider the equity in allocation of limits not only among existing users but also between existing users and new users. In the Hurunui catchment, the implementation of nitrogen limits on land use led to the establishment of farmer collectives to manage the cumulative effects together with farm environmental plans to manage individual farmer contributions. The development of a water quality management strategy for the Hinds Plains identified that a catchment approach using managed aquifer recharge was more cost-effective than on-farm advanced mitigation measures. These examples highlight the challenges and progressive approaches beyond project level EIA that are needed to manage cumulative effects.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124056265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW TO ASSESS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS","authors":"P. Tagliani, Tatiana Walter","doi":"10.2495/EID180051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180051","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the Environmental Impact Studies, the determination of the significance of the impacts is a fragile aspect that has been the subject of discussion and criticism in the international scientific community. There are no objective criteria for such determination, resulting in very subjective evaluations, generally determined by the analysts’ experience and influenced by their professional profile. The commonly employed methods are derived from normative valuations using certain rating scales, which are used in the same way for quite different ecological, economic and social processes. Then, once a ranking of impacts significance values is established, the subjectivity of the process is hidden under a seemingly objective number. The proposed method establishes a simple routine of integrated analysis considering a set of characteristics of environmental impacts, including persistence, reversibility spatial amplitude, synergy magnitude, and cumulative effects. Although this method does not eliminate the subjectivity of the process, it makes explicit the criteria used for assessing the significance of impacts providing greater transparency to the process, contributing to a broader understanding of the profile of the impacts of the project.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF ETS EXPOSURE IN INTERNET CAFES, PUBS, AND POOL HALLS AROUND A UNIVERSITY CAMPUS","authors":"Kwonchul Ha","doi":"10.2495/EID180411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180411","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study were to determine the indoor level of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and to assess the implementation rate of smoke-free law at hospitality venues around a university campus by measuring particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) as an indicator of ETS. We measured the indoor PM2.5 concentrations at 20 internet cafes, 20 pubs, and 20 pool halls using Sidepak AM510, a direct reading portable real time monitor, from October to December 2015. Smoking was observed in 65% of internet cafes, 10% of pubs, and 85% of pool halls. The average of PM2.5 concentration was 98.2 μg/m3, 29.0 μg/m3, and 134.2 μg/m3 at internet cafes, pubs, and pool halls, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations in internet cafes and pool halls were 2 to 2.7 times higher than the 24 hour exposure standard for outdoor PM2.5 (50 μg/m3) of the Ministry of the Environment. Although a smoking ban had been implemented at internet cafes and pubs, smoking is still taking place in those places. More stringent legal action are required for the success of legal action to protect patrons and workers from second-hand smoke exposure. The ban on smoking in pool halls should be introduced as soon as","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHAT SHAPES YOUNG PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ABOUT WATER-USE RESOURCES? THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM","authors":"Thi Phuoc Lai Nguyen, Sean Chanmony","doi":"10.2495/EID180301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180301","url":null,"abstract":"The climate is changing and, accordingly, changes in water quality, quantity and availability for human and other uses are observed and projected. Despite recent advances in climate research, great uncertainty remains concerning how and when the climate will change and how these changes will affect the supply and demand for water. Beside climate-induced uncertainties, rapid urbanization is one among other socio-economic and political factors that influence water supply and demand. Since the public are the primary beneficiary of water supplies and the first to experience the consequences of water quality and quantity degradation, relevant water-related information from the ground is crucial for decision-making regarding water use. In addition, young people play an important role in development as they are identified as one of the major stakeholders, with the right and responsibility to participate in decision-making for sustainable development. Through an online survey using Qualtrics, conducted in a rural–urban transition area in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), targeting young people living and studying in this district, this study focused on understanding two dimensions of young people’s concerns about recent water quality and quantity changes in urban and peri-urban areas: perceived climate risks and experienced urbanization impacts. The research findings showed that although young Vietnamese people believe in climate change and the climate risks that affect water availability, they are more concerned about inadequate water management policies and the health risks associated with water pollution resulting from unsustainable urban development. The result implies that governmental institutions need to be more aware of water quality issues and develop appropriate policies for water-use resource management within the context of climate change and rapid urbanization. In addition, the engagement of youth participation in public policy should be enhanced in order to promote active citizenship and the empowerment of future generations in order to engage them in sustainable development governance.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128387096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABLE GROWTH MANAGEMENT AT NAPLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, ITALY","authors":"Michele Miedico","doi":"10.2495/EID180211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180211","url":null,"abstract":"Naples International Airport is a perfect example of a “City Airport” as it is only 5 km away from the city centre. Managed by Gesac, in 2017 passenger traffic amounted to 8.6 million, with a rate of growth 3 times the European and Italian average. With the objective of sustainable growth, Gesac is currently adopting an integrated action plan, backed by a significant investment programme. Specific devices are used in the terminal to manage water consumption, which resulted in a 25% savings of potable water in the last year, despite the growth in passenger traffic. Like a small city, the airport produces 1,200 tonnes of waste. Sorted waste collection, which was 62% in 2017, has set a target of 65% for 2018 to be achieved by door-to-door waste collection. In order to reduce energy consumption, Gesac adopted a smart management system of lights and air conditioning in the passenger terminal and has begun the construction of a new power generation plant designed to produce enough energy to meet the aerodrome’s electric, thermal and refrigerating needs. These activities are included in the Airport Carbon Accreditation program, developed by the Airport Council International (ACI) to reduce emissions worldwide. Gesac is scheduled to obtain certification for the highest level (3+“Neutrality”) by 2018. Aircraft noise is a main issue in the sustainable growth domain. In 2005, Naples International Airport was the first airport in Italy to install a noise monitoring system and to control the noise abatement procedures and, consequently, to reduce its initial footprint by more than 26%, and the population exposed by 52%. Gesac carefully monitors third party risk and adopts smart mitigation actions. These include delocalization of general aviation traffic with the creation of the Campania Airport Network.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING FOR PEDESTRIAN TO ENHANCE CAMPUS WALKABILITY AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE","authors":"Zanariah Kasim, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Y. Yusof","doi":"10.2495/EID180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180201","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysian higher learning institutions were designed to create environments conducive for teaching and learning. Campuses are often large ranging from a few hundred to more than a thousand hectares. These require a proper connecting system without undermining the value of a healthy lifestyle. Walking is an element that promotes healthy lifestyle. The aim of this research is to enhance campus walkability within different landscape environmental settings in tropical campus environments. The study investigated and measure Landscape Environmental Setting for Pedestrian (LESP) based principally on physical properties of the landscape setting and its surrounding environment. This study will highlight the tropical campus environment by using pedestrian walkways, with different settings, as a case study. To achieve the objectives, the study used literature review and a case study. The literature reviews and observations help to identify and classify landscape scenarios of various landscape settings. The campuses involved in this study are Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Malaya (UM) and Politeknik Port Dickson (PPD). All four institutions were used as a case study to evaluate the existing condition of the pedestrian environment. The key constructs used in the literature review are pedestrian thermal comfort and landscape environment setting. Case study method was used to evaluate the relationship between LESP, pedestrian thermal comfort, and various settings of campus landscape scenarios. The results of the study revealed that different types of LESP have potential in providing a better campus environment and lifestyles. Importantly, the landscape design attributes and characteristics play an important role in the development of a design guideline in the context of sustainable tropical campus environment perspective.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133578389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FATS, OILS AND GREASES IN EFFLUENT STREAMS FROM SHOPPING CENTRES","authors":"Thuto Mosholi, C. Cloete","doi":"10.2495/EID180421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/EID180421","url":null,"abstract":"Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are an urban conundrum creating severe problems to municipal sewer infrastructures. FOG emanates from food service establishments or catering operations when cooking with plant or animal based oils or fats. However, its rise to becoming a globally recognised contaminant emanating from kitchen based wastewater is associated with the shift from rural to urbanized lifestyles, and the corresponding changing eating habits of city dwellers. The management, prevention and handling of FOG costs cause an exorbitant burden on municipalities, cities and countries. The scale and severity of FOG contamination has not been previously explored in South Africa. The cumulative effect of urbanisation, large scale shopping centre developments plus a fast-growing local fast food industry supports the view that a FOG problem should exist in shopping centres locally. The study explores this problem within the shopping centre industry by means of comprehensive questionnaires, site visits, telephone interviews, interviews with subject matter experts and online surveys at 38 shopping centres in the Gauteng province in South Africa. An index was developed to measure the number of food service establishments (FSEs) per shopping centre size. The results show that FOG is a real and imminent problem in shopping centres. Of the shopping centres surveyed, 88% confirmed experiencing FOG related problems. Based upon frequency of occurrence of sewer blockages, 12 of the 38 centres were categorised as experiencing severe problems. Five of the shopping centres surveyed installed external grease trap devices. The propensity of FOG deposition in sewer lines is dependent on the strength of the kitchen wastewater or FOG organics loading. The strength of FSE wastewater is affected by the operations and configuration of the catering business. The cuisine type or menu served has the highest impact on FOG loading.","PeriodicalId":217537,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Impact IV","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129596253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}