Ziang Zhu, Ying Luo, Guohua Lou, Kiddist Yihunie, Safuwra Wizzard, Andrew W. DeVilbiss, Sarah Muh, Chaoyu Ma, Sejal S. Shinde, Jonathan Hoar, Taidou Hu, Nu Zhang, Shyam Biswal, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Tuoqi Wu, Chen Yao
{"title":"The redox sensor KEAP1 facilitates adaptation of T cells to chronic antigen stimulation by preventing hyperactivation","authors":"Ziang Zhu, Ying Luo, Guohua Lou, Kiddist Yihunie, Safuwra Wizzard, Andrew W. DeVilbiss, Sarah Muh, Chaoyu Ma, Sejal S. Shinde, Jonathan Hoar, Taidou Hu, Nu Zhang, Shyam Biswal, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Tuoqi Wu, Chen Yao","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adk2954","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adk2954","url":null,"abstract":"<div >During persistent antigen stimulation, exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are continuously replenished by self-renewing stem-like T cells. However, how CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells adapt to chronic stimulation remains unclear. Here, we show that persistent antigen stimulation primes chromatin for regulation by the redox-sensing KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. Loss of KEAP1 in T cells impaired control of chronic viral infection. T cell–intrinsic KEAP1 suppressed NRF2 to promote expansion and persistence of virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, drive a stem-like T cell response, down-regulate immune checkpoint molecules, and limit T cell receptor (TCR) hyperactivation and apoptosis. NRF2 epigenetically derepressed BACH2 targets and opposed a stem-like program driven by BACH2. In exhausted T cells induced by tonic GD2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) signaling, the effects of KEAP1 deficiency were rescued by inhibiting proximal TCR signaling. Enhancing mitochondrial oxidation improved the expansion and survival of KEAP1-deficient CD8<sup>+</sup> GD2 CAR T cells and up-regulated markers associated with stem-like cells. Thus, the KEAP1-NRF2 axis regulates stem-like CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and long-term T cell immunity during chronic antigen exposure.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciimmunol.adk2954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bernhard Ransmayr, Sevgi Köstel Bal, Marini Thian, Michael Svaton, Cheryl van de Wetering, Christoph Hafemeister, Anna Segarra-Roca, Jana Block, Alexandra Frohne, Ana Krolo, Melek Yorgun Altunbas, Sevgi Bilgic-Eltan, Ayça Kıykım, Omer Aydiner, Selin Kesim, Sabahat Inanir, Elif Karakoc-Aydiner, Ahmet Ozen, Ümran Aba, Aylin Çomak, Gökçen Dilşa Tuğcu, Robert Pazdzior, Bettina Huber, Matthias Farlik, Stefan Kubicek, Horst von Bernuth, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Marta Rizzi, Florian Halbritter, Alexei V. Tumanov, Michael J. Kraakman, Ayşe Metin, Irinka Castanon, Baran Erman, Safa Baris, Kaan Boztug
{"title":"LTβR deficiency causes lymph node aplasia and impaired B cell differentiation","authors":"Bernhard Ransmayr, Sevgi Köstel Bal, Marini Thian, Michael Svaton, Cheryl van de Wetering, Christoph Hafemeister, Anna Segarra-Roca, Jana Block, Alexandra Frohne, Ana Krolo, Melek Yorgun Altunbas, Sevgi Bilgic-Eltan, Ayça Kıykım, Omer Aydiner, Selin Kesim, Sabahat Inanir, Elif Karakoc-Aydiner, Ahmet Ozen, Ümran Aba, Aylin Çomak, Gökçen Dilşa Tuğcu, Robert Pazdzior, Bettina Huber, Matthias Farlik, Stefan Kubicek, Horst von Bernuth, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Marta Rizzi, Florian Halbritter, Alexei V. Tumanov, Michael J. Kraakman, Ayşe Metin, Irinka Castanon, Baran Erman, Safa Baris, Kaan Boztug","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adq8796","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adq8796","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) provide the confined microenvironment required for stromal cells to interact with immune cells to initiate adaptive immune responses resulting in B cell differentiation. Here, we studied three patients from two families with functional hyposplenism, absence of tonsils, and complete lymph node aplasia, leading to recurrent bacterial and viral infections. We identified biallelic loss-of-function mutations in <i>LTBR,</i> encoding the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR), primarily expressed on stromal cells. Patients with LTβR deficiency had hypogammaglobulinemia, diminished memory B cells, regulatory and follicular T helper cells, and dysregulated expression of several tumor necrosis factor family members. B cell differentiation in an ex vivo coculture system was intact, implying that the observed B cell defects were not intrinsic in nature and instead resulted from LTβR-dependent stromal cell interaction signaling critical for SLO formation. Collectively, we define a human inborn error of immunity caused primarily by a stromal defect affecting the development and function of SLOs.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Scott R. Taylor, Alistair M. Chalk, Adriana Escudero, Shi-Bin Hu, Ankita Goradia, Tao Sun, Qin Li, Iva Nikolic, Jin Billy Li, Miguel Fidalgo, Diana Guallar, Kaylene J. Simpson, Carl R. Walkley
{"title":"GGNBP2 regulates MDA5 sensing triggered by self double-stranded RNA following loss of ADAR1 editing","authors":"Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Scott R. Taylor, Alistair M. Chalk, Adriana Escudero, Shi-Bin Hu, Ankita Goradia, Tao Sun, Qin Li, Iva Nikolic, Jin Billy Li, Miguel Fidalgo, Diana Guallar, Kaylene J. Simpson, Carl R. Walkley","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0412","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0412","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by ADAR1 is an essential modifier of the immunogenicity of cellular dsRNA. The role of MDA5 in sensing unedited cellular dsRNA and the downstream activation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling are well established. However, we have an incomplete understanding of pathways that modify the response to unedited dsRNA. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen and showed that GGNBP2, CNOT10, and CNOT11 interact and regulate sensing of unedited cellular dsRNA. We found that GGNBP2 acts between dsRNA transcription and its cytoplasmic sensing by MDA5. GGNBP2 loss prevented induction of type I IFN and autoinflammation after the loss of ADAR1 editing activity by modifying the subcellular distribution of endogenous A-to-I editing substrates and reducing cytoplasmic dsRNA load. These findings reveal previously undescribed pathways to modify diseases associated with <i>ADAR</i> mutations and may be determinants of response or resistance to small-molecule ADAR1 inhibitors.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142690675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palmitoylation of TIM-3 promotes immune exhaustion and restrains antitumor immunity","authors":"Zhaoying Zhang, Caiyue Ren, Rong Xiao, Shuaiya Ma, Huimin Liu, Yutong Dou, Yuchen Fan, Shuo Wang, Peng Zhan, Chengjiang Gao, Xuetian Yue, Chunyang Li, Lifen Gao, Xiaohong Liang, Zhuanchang Wu, Chunhong Ma","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adp7302","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adp7302","url":null,"abstract":"<div >T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing protein 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint that has critical roles in immune exhaustion. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate TIM-3 surface expression and turnover. Here, we report that human TIM-3 is palmitoylated by the palmitoyltransferase DHHC9 at residue cysteine 296 (Cys<sup>296</sup>). Palmitoylation stabilized TIM-3 by preventing binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, thereby suppressing its polyubiquitination and degradation. DHHC9 knockdown attenuated chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell exhaustion, and a peptidic inhibitor of TIM-3 palmitoylation accelerated TIM-3 degradation and enhanced antitumor immunity mediated by CAR-T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In hepatocellular carcinoma, DHHC9 expression correlated with TIM-3 expression in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and NK cells, and high DHHC9 expression was associated with shorter survival in patients with high TIM-3. These findings demonstrate that palmitoylation of TIM-3 catalyzed by DHHC9 promotes its stability, resulting in immune exhaustion and impaired antitumor immunity.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciimmunol.adp7302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivier Demaria, Guillaume Habif, Marie Vetizou, Laurent Gauthier, Romain Remark, Laura Chiossone, Constance Vagne, Lucas Rebuffet, Rachel Courtois, Caroline Denis, François Le Floch, Marianna Muller, Mathilde Girard-Madoux, Séverine Augier, Julie Lopez, Barbara Carrette, Aurélie Maguer, Jean-Baptiste Vallier, Gwendoline Grondin, William Baron, Justine Galluso, Nadia Yessaad, Marilyn Giordano, Léa Simon, Fabien Chanuc, Audrey Blanchard Alvarez, Ivan Perrot, Cécile Bonnafous, Agnès Represa, Benjamin Rossi, Ariane Morel, Yannis Morel, Carine Paturel, Eric Vivier
{"title":"A tetraspecific engager armed with a non-alpha IL-2 variant harnesses natural killer cells against B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma","authors":"Olivier Demaria, Guillaume Habif, Marie Vetizou, Laurent Gauthier, Romain Remark, Laura Chiossone, Constance Vagne, Lucas Rebuffet, Rachel Courtois, Caroline Denis, François Le Floch, Marianna Muller, Mathilde Girard-Madoux, Séverine Augier, Julie Lopez, Barbara Carrette, Aurélie Maguer, Jean-Baptiste Vallier, Gwendoline Grondin, William Baron, Justine Galluso, Nadia Yessaad, Marilyn Giordano, Léa Simon, Fabien Chanuc, Audrey Blanchard Alvarez, Ivan Perrot, Cécile Bonnafous, Agnès Represa, Benjamin Rossi, Ariane Morel, Yannis Morel, Carine Paturel, Eric Vivier","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adp3720","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adp3720","url":null,"abstract":"<div >NK cells offer a promising alternative to T cell therapies in cancer. We evaluated IPH6501, a clinical-stage, tetraspecific NK cell engager (NKCE) armed with a non-alpha IL-2 variant (IL-2v), which targets CD20 and was developed for treating B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). CD20-NKCE-IL2v boosts NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, showing activity against a range of B-NHL cell lines, including those with low CD20 density. Whereas it presented reduced toxicities compared with those commonly associated with T cell therapies, CD20-NKCE-IL2v showed greater killing efficacy over a T cell engager targeting CD20 in in vitro preclinical models. CD20-NKCE-IL2v also increased the cell surface expression of NK cell–activating receptors, leading to activity against CD20-negative tumor cells. In vivo studies in nonhuman primates and tumor mouse models further validated its efficacy and revealed that CD20-NKCE-IL2v induces peripheral NK cell homing at the tumor site. CD20-NKCE-IL2v emerges as a potential alternative in the treatment landscape of B-NHL.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciimmunol.adp3720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yexin Yang, Rebecca S. Treger, Juan Hernandez-Bird, Peiwen Lu, Tianyang Mao, Akiko Iwasaki
{"title":"A B cell screen against endogenous retroviruses identifies glycan-reactive IgM that recognizes a broad array of enveloped viruses","authors":"Yexin Yang, Rebecca S. Treger, Juan Hernandez-Bird, Peiwen Lu, Tianyang Mao, Akiko Iwasaki","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.add6608","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.add6608","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), comprising a substantial portion of the vertebrate genome, are remnants of ancient genetic invaders. ERVs with near-intact coding potential reactivate in B cell–deficient mice. To study how B cells contribute to host anti-ERV immunity, we used an antigen-baiting strategy to enrich B cells reactive to ERV surface antigens. We identified ERV-reactive B-1 cells expressing germline-encoded natural IgM antibodies in naïve mice, the level of which further increases upon innate immune sensor stimulation. B cell receptor repertoire profiling of ERV-reactive B-1 cells revealed increased usage of the <i>Igh</i> V<sub>H</sub> gene that gives rise to glycan-specific antibodies targeting terminal <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine moieties on ERV glycoproteins, which further engage the complement pathway to mediate anti-ERV responses. These same antibodies also recognize glycoproteins of other enveloped viruses but not self-proteins. These results reveal an innate antiviral mechanism of germline-encoded antibodies with broad reactivity to enveloped viruses, which constitutes a natural antibody repertoire capable of preventing the emergence of infectious ERVs.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciimmunol.add6608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengxiang Sun, Miki Hodel, Xiang Wang, Javier De Vicente, Talin Haritunians, Anketse Debebe, Chen-Ting Hung, Changqing Ma, Atika Malique, Hoang N. Nguyen, Maayan Agam, Michael T. Maloney, Marisa S. Goo, Jillian H. Kluss, Richa Mishra, Jennifer Frein, Amanda Foster, Samuel Ballentine, Uday Pandey, Justin Kern, Shaohong Yang, Emebet Mengesha, Iyshwarya Balasubramanian, Annie Arguello, Anthony A. Estrada, Nan Gao, Inga Peter, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Anastasia G. Henry, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Ta-Chiang Liu
{"title":"Macrophage LRRK2 hyperactivity impairs autophagy and induces Paneth cell dysfunction","authors":"Shengxiang Sun, Miki Hodel, Xiang Wang, Javier De Vicente, Talin Haritunians, Anketse Debebe, Chen-Ting Hung, Changqing Ma, Atika Malique, Hoang N. Nguyen, Maayan Agam, Michael T. Maloney, Marisa S. Goo, Jillian H. Kluss, Richa Mishra, Jennifer Frein, Amanda Foster, Samuel Ballentine, Uday Pandey, Justin Kern, Shaohong Yang, Emebet Mengesha, Iyshwarya Balasubramanian, Annie Arguello, Anthony A. Estrada, Nan Gao, Inga Peter, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Anastasia G. Henry, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Ta-Chiang Liu","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7907","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7907","url":null,"abstract":"<div ><i>LRRK2</i> polymorphisms (G2019S/N2081D) that increase susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease and Crohn’s disease (CD) lead to LRRK2 kinase hyperactivity and suppress autophagy. This connection suggests that LRRK2 kinase inhibition, a therapeutic strategy being explored for Parkinson’s disease, may also benefit patients with CD. Paneth cell homeostasis is tightly regulated by autophagy, and their dysfunction is a precursor to gut inflammation in CD. Here, we found that patients with CD and mice carrying hyperactive <i>LRRK2</i> polymorphisms developed Paneth cell dysfunction. We also found that LRRK2 kinase can be activated in the context of interactions between genes (genetic autophagy deficiency) and the environment (cigarette smoking). Unexpectedly, lamina propria immune cells were the main intestinal cell types that express LRRK2, instead of Paneth cells as previously suggested. We showed that LRRK2-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release from phagocytes impaired Paneth cell function, which was rescued by LRRK2 kinase inhibition through activation of autophagy. Together, these data suggest that LRRK2 kinase inhibitors maintain Paneth cell homeostasis by restoring autophagy and may represent a therapeutic strategy for CD.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monocytes and their doppelgängers: An immunological crossroads","authors":"Alexander Mildner, Simon Yona","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adr6672","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adr6672","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Identity confusion has emerged in the field of monocyte research with the identification of monocyte-like “doppelgänger” populations that exhibit phenotypical traits of classical monocytes but seem to vary in their origin, function, or migration behavior.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Araujo David, Jawairia Atif, Fernanda Vargas e Silva Castanheira, Tamanna Yasmin, Adrien Guillot, Yeni Ait Ahmed, Moritz Peiseler, Josefien W. Hommes, Lilian Salm, Marie-Anne Brundler, Bas G. J. Surewaard, Wael Elhenawy, Sonya MacParland, Florent Ginhoux, Kathy McCoy, Paul Kubes
{"title":"Kupffer cell reverse migration into the liver sinusoids mitigates neonatal sepsis and meningitis","authors":"Bruna Araujo David, Jawairia Atif, Fernanda Vargas e Silva Castanheira, Tamanna Yasmin, Adrien Guillot, Yeni Ait Ahmed, Moritz Peiseler, Josefien W. Hommes, Lilian Salm, Marie-Anne Brundler, Bas G. J. Surewaard, Wael Elhenawy, Sonya MacParland, Florent Ginhoux, Kathy McCoy, Paul Kubes","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adq9704","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adq9704","url":null,"abstract":"<div >In adults, liver-resident macrophages, or Kupffer cells (KCs), reside in the sinusoids and sterilize circulating blood by capturing rapidly flowing microbes. We developed quantitative intravital imaging of 1-day-old mice combined with transcriptomics, genetic manipulation, and in vivo infection assays to interrogate increased susceptibility of newborns to bloodstream infections. Whereas 1-day-old KCs were better at catching <i>Escherichia coli</i> in vitro, we uncovered a critical 1-week window postpartum when KCs have limited access to blood and must translocate from liver parenchyma into the sinusoids. KC migration was independent of the microbiome but depended on macrophage migration inhibitory factor, its receptor CD74, and the adhesion molecule CD44. On the basis of our findings, we propose a model of progenitor macrophage seeding of the liver sinusoids via a reverse transmigration process from liver parenchyma. These results also illustrate the importance of developing newborn mouse models to understand newborn immunity and disease.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciimmunol.adq9704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CAR-ving away OX40L with engineered Tregs","authors":"Jonathan S. Maltzman","doi":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adu0983","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciimmunol.adu0983","url":null,"abstract":"<div >OX40L–CAR-T<sub>regs</sub> show promise for treating autoimmunity and transplantation rejection.</div>","PeriodicalId":21734,"journal":{"name":"Science Immunology","volume":"9 101","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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