Sensors International最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication of a non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical sensor based on a BiOBr-CuO nanocomposite for detecting Glucose and Tetracycline","authors":"AnnieCanisius D ,&nbsp;Joselene Suzan Jennifer P ,&nbsp;Joe Raja Ruban M ,&nbsp;Davis Varghese ,&nbsp;Gladys Joysi M ,&nbsp;Muthupandi S ,&nbsp;Madhavan J ,&nbsp;Victor Antony Raj M ,&nbsp;Saravanan Muthupandian","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a non-enzymatic photoelectrochemical sensor using a BiOBr-CuO (BiCu) electrode, which was synthesized via solvothermal method. The sensor was designed for the simultaneous detection of glucose and tetracycline. Our study revealed that the BiCu electrode exhibited superior photocurrent generation compared to the individual BiOBr and CuO electrodes, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric studies. The BiCu electrode's performance has increased due to the formation of a heterojunction between CuO and BiOBr, which modifies the UV–visible DRS spectrum and generates an internal electric field that reduces the recombination of the photogenerated carriers. This enhanced the capability of the sensor to detect both glucose and tetracycline. We successfully applied the proposed photoelectrochemical sensor to detect human blood glucose level. The sensitivity and detection limit for glucose and tetracycline are 0.1342 mAmM⁻¹cm⁻², 0.014 mM and 1.7234 mAmM⁻¹cm⁻², 2.0 μM respectively. Thus, the fabricated electrode demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity, high selectivity, good reproducibility, wide linear detection range, low limit of detection,long-term stability, ease of synthesis, good stability and notable selectivity for detecting both glucose and tetracycline This suggests that the BiCu electrode has significant potential as a reliable platform for the detection of glucose and tetracycline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advancements in microneedle technology for therapeutic and biomedical applications","authors":"Olivia Sen ,&nbsp;Poulami Poddar ,&nbsp;Poulami Sarkar ,&nbsp;Sanchita Das ,&nbsp;Sreejan Manna","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microneedle technology has gained large interest as an innovative biomedical device to deliver molecules to the targeted site through the skin layers. Microneedle consists of microscale needle with a specific length about 0.1–1 mm. In comparison to conventional transdermal delivery approaches, the microneedle technique has several advantagesincluding minimal invasiveness, painlessand convenient administration, with higher patient compliance. Microneedles are categorized into several types such as solid microneedle, coated microneedle, hollow microneedle, dissolvable microneedle, hydrogel microneedle, swellable microneedle, and porous microneedle. Microneedles can be made of different materials, and may vary in size and forms. They may also vary in design depending on composition, manufacturing process and area of application. Silicon, stainless steel, polymers, coating materials, biodegradable materials, several crosslinking techniques and biosensing devices are used to fabricate microneedles. can be employed as a leading novel technology for drug administration, vaccinations, cosmetics, diagnostics, tissue engineering, cancer studies, and wound care. This review narrates the fabrication techniques of microneedles alongside its applications in drug delivery and biomedical field including sensory applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic and electrochemical sensor detection of ascorbic and uric acid using novel plant extract green synthesis of CaO nanoparticles","authors":"M.N. Somashekar ,&nbsp;M. Dhanalakshmi ,&nbsp;T.S. Nagamani ,&nbsp;T. Subhas Chandra ,&nbsp;T.M. Sharanakumar ,&nbsp;C.R. Ravikumar","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, a novel fuel made from the leaves of the Gotu kola (Centella Asiatica) plant is used to produce calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) in an eco-friendly manner. The results of the PXRD experiments, the average crystallite size for CaO NPs is 38 nm, which is consistent with the findings of the TEM. As per DRS investigation, the energy gap of CaONPs is 3.253 eV. Fast Blue (FB) and Fast Orange (FO) dye photodegradation was effectively enhanced by the plant-mediated CaO NPs under UV-light irradiation, showing high efficiency within 120 min. The CaO demonstrated remarkable photodegradation process against the FO and FB dyes under UV light, with rates of 79.52 % and 61.43 % after 120 min. CaO NPs' electrochemical characteristics were ascertained using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) dipped in a 0.1N HCl solution. In cyclic voltammetry evaluation, the green CaO NPs showed greater sensitivity at various scan rates. Ascorbic acid and uric acid were finally shown to have exceptional redox reaction and ascorbic acid and uric acid detection capabilities when they were used as analytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-field metasurface sensor for an early-stage breast cancer detection","authors":"Maged A. Aldhaeebi ,&nbsp;Thamer Almoneef ,&nbsp;Saeed Bamatraf ,&nbsp;A.O. Aldhaibain ,&nbsp;Osamah Bakhalah ,&nbsp;Saleh Alhdad ,&nbsp;Sumaia Bakhalah ,&nbsp;M. Kamran Saleem","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a novel and highly sensitive metasurface sensor for microwave breast tumor detection is proposed. The proposed sensor array comprises 8 × 8 small-size sensor elements that are capable of reacting to changes in both electric and magnetic fields. This allows the sensor to detect even minor variations in the surrounding medium, resulting in improved sensitivity. Additionally, designing a sensor array improves sensitivity by covering all areas of the breast tissues with multiple small sensor elements. Numerical studies have been conducted to assess the sensor sensitivity using realistic healthy and non-healthy breast models with diagnosed tumors placed at different locations within healthy breast models in the CST simulation environment at varying stand-off distances. An experiment was conducted to validate the sensor’s concept. It involved testing a metasurface sensor with phantoms resembling both healthy female breast tissues and those with a 10 mm tumor. The results from simulations and experiments demonstrate that the metasurface sensor is capable of detecting breast tumors at different distances. For safety compliance, specific absorption rate (SAR) values were obtained through both simulation and experimentation. The simulated SAR values were calculated to be 0.357 W/kg and 0.216 W/kg at 1 g and 10 g, respectively, using 17 dBm for safety. The measured SAR values were 0.101 W/kg and 0.1 W/kg at 1 g and 10 g, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A capacitive sensor-based approach for type-2 diabetes detection via bio-impedance analysis of erythrocytes","authors":"Santu Guin ,&nbsp;Debjyoti Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Madhurima Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel capacitive sensor-based device for detecting type-2 diabetes through blood analysis. The proposed methodology measures changes in the complex permittivity of red blood cells (RBCs) caused by elevated glucose levels, affecting their rheological and electrical properties, such as viscosity, volume, relative permittivity, dielectric loss, and AC conductivity. These changes, well-documented in the literature, alter the bio-impedance signature of RBCs, serving as an indicator for type-2 diabetes. The study examines various concentrations of normal and diabetic RBCs within a frequency range of 50 kHz to 200 kHz, chosen for its relevance to bio-impedance responses. Experimental results show that healthy RBCs in a 200 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>L PBS solution have a complex permittivity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>mix</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) of 65.12 and conductivity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>mix</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) of 0.63 S/m, while diabetic RBCs measure 73.44 and 0.68 S/m, respectively. Additionally, the complex permittivity decreases as the cell concentration increases for both normal and diabetic RBCs. At 100% cell concentration, the average bio-impedance for diabetic blood cells is 50.3 k<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span>, compared to 56.7 k<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> for healthy blood cells over the entire frequency range. The standard deviation of bio-impedance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>mix</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) between 50 kHz and 200 kHz highlights the difference between healthy and diabetic RBCs, with 200 kHz measurements proving more reliable. To detect these bio-impedance changes, an interdigitated electrode (IDE) capacitive sensor with 40 capacitive elements was simulated. The complex bio-impedance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>mix</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>) was measured within the 50 kHz–200 kHz frequency range, providing clear differentiation between healthy and diabetic blood cells. Simulation using Finite Element Method (FEM) through COMSOL® software supports these findings, showcasing the sensor’s efficacy in type-2 diabetes detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666351124000226/pdfft?md5=0226af151d2c9f55fe118223b4378c18&pid=1-s2.0-S2666351124000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer fluorescent spots (MIP@spots) for CA 19-9 detection on a solid substrate","authors":"Ana Xu ,&nbsp;Eduarda Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Paula Sampaio ,&nbsp;M.A. Marques ,&nbsp;Joaquim Alves ,&nbsp;Ana Margarida L. Piloto","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecularly imprinted membranes were developed as a solid-support sensing platform for detecting the pancreatic cancer biomarker carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) using a color-gradient method. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were first synthesized around quantum dots (QDs) as colloidal MIP@QDs and subsequently integrated onto polyamide membranes (MIP@spots). This solid-support platform provided a stable and uniform surface for biorecognition, ensuring consistent performance and facilitating optical sensing. The MIP@spots effectively detected CA 19-9 in 1 % HN serum in PBS. Fluorescence quenching correlated with increasing CA 19-9 concentrations, producing a distinct color gradient measured using average RGB values from the MIP@spots' central areas via a mobile app. The system exhibited a linear detection range of 0.398–90.2 U mL⁻¹ and achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.141 U mL⁻¹, well below the clinical threshold of 37 U mL⁻¹. The polyamide membrane's porosity retained the MIP structure while preventing QDs agglomeration, enhancing sensitivity and reproducibility. This innovative platform offers a low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific tool for CA 19-9 detection. Its stability, simplicity, and compatibility with solid supports make it highly suitable for point-of-care testing (PoCT). This advancement highlights the potential of solid-support platforms in biosensing, paving the way for improved clinical diagnostics and personalized healthcare applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and application of Schiff base as a dual-mode chemosensor for optical determination of aluminium ion content in water samples","authors":"Nuttapon Apiratikul ,&nbsp;Pornpimol Bunrit ,&nbsp;Sasikarn Jommaroeng ,&nbsp;Pornthip Boonsri ,&nbsp;Kriangsak Songsrirote","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2024.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium is highly abundant in the earth's crust and has played a pivotal role in various industries for centuries. Its versatility and abundance have led to its widespread use in everything from food packaging to construction materials. However, this extensive use has also raised concerns about its potential impact on human health and the environment. This study aimed to synthesize and apply a Schiff base molecule, N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene)-o-aminoacetophenone (N-HyNA), as an optical sensor for aluminium ion (Al³⁺) determination. The synthesis of N-HyNA was achieved with a high yield of 85 % through the reaction of 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 2-aminoacetonephenone. N-HyNA showed a maximum absorption wavelength at 465.0 nm, and fluorescence emission at 357.0 nm with the excitation wavelength of 278.0 nm. Both absorption and fluorescence signals of N-HyNA were selectively quenched in the presence of aluminium ion. Under optimal conditions for Al³⁺ detection, the absorption mode of N-HyNA with DMSO as a solvent had the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.005 ppm and detection range of 0.01–2.0 ppm, while the fluorescence mode with EtOH as a solvent had the LOD of 0.013 ppm and detection range of 0.05–0.40 ppm. The developed approach demonstrated good agreement in Al³⁺ determination with the conventional atomic absorption spectroscopic technique when using natural water samples and their standard-spiked samples with recovery ranging from 84.0 to 114.0 %. Additionally, analytical characterization was conducted to investigate the quenching mechanism between Al³⁺ and N-HyNA, and a computational study was performed to elucidate the binding position of Al³⁺ in the N-HyNA complex. This developed chemosensor offered a simple and fast, yet accurate and selective detection of Al³⁺ in water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and characterization of zirconia nanoparticles filled polydimethylsiloxane composites based flexible capacitance pressure sensor","authors":"Soly Mathew,&nbsp;Krishnamoorthi Chintagumpala","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible capacitance pressure sensors (fCPS) are widely researched due to their compact geometry and low power consumption, wireless sensor output readability. fCPS show sensitivity by either change in dielectric permittivity (<span><math><mi>ϵ</mi></math></span>) or dimension (strain) of dielectric sandwich layer in parallel plate capacitor (PPC) configuration. In addition, fCPS should have low dielectric loss, low driving electric field. All these can be easily achieved with high dielectric constant fillers in flexible elastomers. Here zirconia nanoparticles (ZNPs) at 0, 0.5, 1, &amp; 1.5 wt% were dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to fabricate four different dielectric elastomer composites (DEC) sandwich layers for fCPS. fCPS were made by sandwiching the DECs between flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with conductive silver epoxy. Both dielectric constant and sensitivity increases with ZNPs filler content. Out of four fCPS fabricated, the sensor with 1.5 wt% ZNPs DEC sandwich layer shows very high sensitivity of 1.69 kPa⁻¹ in 0–5 kPa range, and shows low sensitivity (0.006 kPa⁻¹) in 5 – 145 kPa. This fCPS was also shown small hysteresis (5.4%), fast response and recovery time (128 &amp; 190 ms), and long durability. The sensor data were compared and contrasted with the literature data. Touch, motion, and strain sensing capabilities of this fCPS were also studied. It shows very good functionalities of the above functions. Thus it shows good prospectus for both biomedical (vital sign monitor, gait analysis, communication), and industrial (robotic, human machine interface) applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method utilizing a portable digital image-based colorimeter detector and a glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) sensor for the highly selective and sensitive detection of creatinine in urine sample","authors":"Eduwin Saputra ,&nbsp;Zora Rispa Kase ,&nbsp;Idham Ananta Timur ,&nbsp;Aufaclav Zatu Kusuma Frisky ,&nbsp;Naufal Dhaffa Akbar Wicaksono ,&nbsp;Wisnu Aryo Jatmiko ,&nbsp;Zulfa Munawwaroh ,&nbsp;Alimin ,&nbsp;Fajar Inggit Pambudi ,&nbsp;Sri Juari Santosa","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various methods can be employed to detect creatinine in urine, but the colorimetric method stands out for its speed, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) were synthesized and used as a sensor to detect creatinine, utilizing a portable digital image-based colorimeter developed in our laboratory. The synthesized GSH-AuNPs exhibit a distinctive wine-red colour and have a uniform spherical shape with an average size of 56.7 nm, showing a maximum absorbance peak at a wavelength of 522 nm. The optimum conditions for detecting creatinine were a pH of 6 and a reaction time of 20 min. FTIR data confirm that the detection mechanism involves hydrogen bond between the -NH₂ group of creatinine and the -COO^- group on the surface of the GSH-AuNPs. This is evidenced by a shift in the stretching vibration of the -COO^-, leading to the aggregation of the GSH-AuNPs, resulting in an average size of 191.5 nm. The developed portable colorimeter, used as a detector for the GSH-AuNPs sensor in creatinine detection, achieved a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.016 mM. In comparison, the UV–Vis spectrophotometer as the detector has a LoD of 0.029 mM, and the Jaffe method has a LoD of 0.038 mM, making the proposed colorimetric method the most sensitive. The proposed colorimetric method demonstrates good selectivity for creatinine and has been successfully applied to detect creatinine in artificial urine with a recovery value of 99–103 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buckypaper for high sensitivity strain and temperature sensing","authors":"Rufaydah Hassan,&nbsp;Amal M.K. Esawi,&nbsp;Mustafa Arafa","doi":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sintl.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the use of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Buckypapers (BP) as strain and temperature sensors. To further improve the sensor sensitivity, the produced BP was subjected to a combination of post-treatments; namely, annealing, exposure to a boiling solvent, and compaction. The effect of these post-treatments on the sensor's gauge factor was evaluated to determine the best post-treatments (or combinations thereof) that give the highest gauge factor. Loading/unloading as well as heating/cooling experiments were carried out to examine the piezoresistivity behavior and temperature sensitivity of the produced sensors. The morphology of the best-performing sensor and its fracture morphology were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared to as-fabricated sensors that have not been subjected to any post-treatments. In addition, in-situ tensile testing of the BP sensor was carried out to elucidate the mechanisms which influence the response of the BP sensor under strain.</div><div>The study revealed that by employing a combination of annealing and compaction, it was possible to attain a remarkable sensitivity, with gauge factors exceeding 170 and a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance value of −0.0064 %/°C. It was observed that the sensor's electrical resistance increases with strain and decreases with temperature. The increase with strain was related to the effect of strain on the morphology of the dense entangled network of the CNTs that make up the BPs. The CNTs were observed to straighten and move away from each other thus reducing the CNT-CNT junctions responsible for electrical conductance. On the other hand, the decrease in electrical resistance as temperature increases is attributed to the increased inter-tube hopping of electrons which is facilitated by temperature. The CNT-based sensor with its high sensitivity, flexibility, and lightweight is suitable for a wide range of applications such as structural health monitoring, human motion sensing, wearable electronics, and biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21733,"journal":{"name":"Sensors International","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}