Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Application of Red and Blue LED Light on Cultivation and Postharvest of Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.).","authors":"Abdullah Bin Arif, Agus Budiyanto, Setiawan, Tri Cahyono, Tri Ratna Sulistiyani, Tri Marwati, Siti Mariana Widayanti, Setyadjit, Lamhot Parulian Manalu, Himawan Adinegoro, Nenie Yustiningsih, Mulyana Hadipernata, Irpan Badrul Jamal, Indra Budi Susetyo, Heny Herawati, Kasma Iswari, Risfaheri","doi":"10.1155/2024/3815651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3815651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has produced a more energy-efficient and versatile technology as an artificial lighting system that can be applied in the agricultural sector. Artificial lighting technology has been proven to be effective in increasing the production of agricultural products, especially horticultural commodities. As one of the primary horticulture commodities, tomatoes are the most common crop produced in controlled environments with LED artificial lighting. The focus of this study is to describe the application of LED lights in tomato cultivation and postharvest. We provide an amalgamation of the recent research achievements on the impact of LED lighting on photosynthesis, vegetative growth, flowering, production, and postharvest of tomatoes. Red-blue (RB) lighting induces photosynthesis; increases the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in tomato leaves; regulates vegetative growth in tomatoes; and increases the production of tomatoes. In postharvest tomatoes, blue LED lighting treatment can slowly change the color of the tomato skin to red, maintain hardness, and increase shelf life. Future research may be carried out on the effect of LED artificial lighting on tomatoes' phytochemical, antioxidant and other crucial nutritional content. Different LED wavelengths can be explored to enhance various bioactive compounds and health-promoting components.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3815651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11387089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Rice Mutants with Enhanced Resilience to Drought Stress and Their Evaluation by Lab Assay, Field, and Multivariate Analysis.","authors":"Shahwar Fatima, Muhammad Rashid, Amjad Hameed","doi":"10.1155/2024/4373987","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4373987","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drought is one of the foremost devastating abiotic stresses reported for rice crops. To improve the productivity of rice, diversity is being enlarged by induced mutation using a source of gamma rays. But this type of mutation rarely results in fruitful products because the chances of getting the desired mutant are very low. The present study aimed to evaluate the rice mutants against drought or osmotic stress. In this study, three experiments were conducted that comprised of seventy-one mutants originating from different doses of gamma rays (Cs&lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;) along with parent RICF-160 and commercial variety (Kainat) were tested. In the first experiment, germination and seedling attributes were calculated under control and osmotic stress conditions created by using 16% (0.6 MPa) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Results revealed that all the mutants exhibited significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) responses to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Principal component biplot analysis (PCBA) revealed the first seventeen cumulative PCs with eigenvalues &gt;1 contributed 88%. It was noted that the germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient velocity of germination (CVG), and seed vigor (SV) contributed maximum and positively in PC1. Results showed the highest germination percentage (GP) at 48 hrs in mutant NMSF-11 (88.9%) followed by NMSf-38 (73.3%). Similarly, the germination rate (GR) and coefficient velocity of germination (CVG) were measured highest in NMSF-11 (9.7 and 118.1%), respectively. In stress conditions, the mutants NMSF-35 and NMSF-36 depicted the highest GP, GR, and CVG. The maximum seed vigor (SV), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and fresh weight (FW) were observed in mutants NMSF-50 and NMSF-51 under both conditions, whereas the mutants NMSF-59, NMSF-60, NMSF-64, and NMSF-67 showed lower values for SV, SL, RL, and FW. In the second experiment, a field trial was conducted at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, in two control and stress sets. A bit different trend was observed among all mutants for agronomic parameters under both conditions. In the third experiment, biochemical profiling was done in Marker Assisted Breeding (MAB) Lab-1, Plant Breeding and Genetics Division. A significant variation was seen in enzymatic antioxidants and chlorophyll content in both control and stress conditions. Under control conditions, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) content was observed higher in mutant NMSF-49 (106.07 Units/g. f. wt.). In comparison with the stress, the ascorbate peroxidase activity was higher in NMSF-41 (82.34 Units/g. f. wt.). Catalase (CAT) activity was observed maximum in NMSF-29 (17.54 Units/g. f. wt.) and NMSF-40 (14.17 Units/g. f. wt.) under control and stress conditions, respectively. Peroxidase (POD) activity was observed maximum in NMSF-51 (22.55 Units/g. f. wt. and 10.84 Units/g. f. wt.) under control and stress conditions, respectively. In conclusion, to fit in the changing climate ","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4373987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floristic Inventory and Diversity Assessment at Two Locations along the Shores of Cape Coast, Ghana.","authors":"Gertrude Lucky Aku Dali, Sethiler Arthur, Paul Kwame Essandoh","doi":"10.1155/2024/5195390","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5195390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coastal vegetation plays significant roles such as stabilization of the surface against wind and erosion, and provision of critical terrestrial and aquatic habitats for organisms. Floristic studies serve as a way of monitoring and evaluating the health of ecosystems. Currently, information on the floristic composition and diversity along the shoreline of Cape Coast is scanty. The study was aimed at assessing the impacts of anthropogenic activities on plant biodiversity along the shoreline of Cape Coast, Ghana. Thus, the study analysed the biodiversity of plants at the Hutchland beach (a disturbed area) and the Asasse Pa beach (a fairly undisturbed area). It was hypothesised that the Asasse Pa beach had a higher species diversity than the Hutchland beach. An inventory was made of all plant species found at both locations. A belt transect method was used for the ecological study, involving the use of a 1 m² quadrat. All the plants that were found in each quadrat were identified, and the species and number of individuals of each species were counted-this information was used in the determination of the ecological parameters of the species and the locations. Parameters between the two locations were compared with a <i>t</i>-test, whereas variations in the distribution of the species were determined with principal components analysis (PCA), using Minitab and R statistical software, respectively. A total of 50 plant species belonging to 48 genera and 23 families were inventoried along the shoreline. The family Poaceae had the highest number of species, 10. The Asasse Pa beach had a higher species diversity and evenness of 2.84 and 0.84, respectively, whereas the Hutchland beach had a lower species diversity and evenness of 2.44 and 0.75, respectively. Anthropogenic activities at the Hutchland beach might have accounted for the lower species diversity and evenness there. The study therefore recommends periodic monitoring of coastal vegetation also law enforcement on coastal resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5195390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aspilia africana</i> (Pers.) C.D. Adams and <i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Resistant <i>Salmonella typhi</i> Strains.","authors":"Richard Agyen, Yaw Duah Boakye, Theresa Appiah Agana, Vivian Etsiapa Boamah, Clement Osei Akoto, Michael Owusu, Francis Adu, Christian Agyare","doi":"10.1155/2024/6637904","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6637904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Typhoid fever, caused by <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, has plagued underdeveloped countries for many years. Recently, there has been a surge in <i>S. typhi</i> strains identified to be multidrug-resistant in endemic areas. <i>Aspilia africana</i> and <i>Manihot esculenta</i> have been reported to exhibit activity against <i>S. typhi</i>; however, this study aimed to investigate the effect of <i>A. africana</i> and <i>M. esculenta</i> against resistance strains of <i>S. typhi.</i> The leaves of the plants were extracted using distilled water (hot (A_QH) and cold (A_QC)), methanol (M_ET), ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The extracts were screened <i>in vitro</i> for anti-<i>Salmonella</i> effects against fourteen <i>S. typhi</i> isolates (five multidrug-resistant (MDRST), five ciprofloxacin-resistant (CRST), three nalidixic acid-resistant (NARST), and one sensitive isolate (SS)) using agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, and flavonoids in all polar solvent extracts. Alkaloids were found in all extracts, while triterpenoids were present in all except the aqueous extracts. The A_QC of <i>A</i>. <i>africana</i> had the best inhibitory effect on the MDRST and NARST with diameter zones of inhibitions (DZOIs) of 40.0 ± 2.08 mm and 34.0 ± 3.22 mm, respectively. Methanol extract of <i>A</i>. <i>africana</i> had the best inhibitory effect on CRST and SS with DZOIs of 34.0 ± 2.08 and 43.0 ± 3.06 mm, respectively. The A_QC and A_QH of <i>A</i>. <i>africana</i> and A_QH of <i>M</i>. <i>esculenta</i> produced the best MICs and MBCs of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL against the MDRST. There was no significant difference in ZOIs of the different solvent extracts against test organisms at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts showed compounds such as n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (9.55%), and 2H-benzo[F]oxireno[2,3-E]benzofuran-8(9H)-one in the <i>A. Africana</i> extracts and D-mannose, 3-nitrophenyl, methanol acetate (ester), and 9-octadecenamide in the <i>M. esculenta</i> extracts. The leaves of <i>M. esculenta</i> and <i>A. Africana</i> are effective against multidrug-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6637904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of <i>Melia azedarach</i> Gum.","authors":"Kofi Acheampong Asamoa Mensa, Noble Kuntworbe, Yaa Asantewaa Osei, Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, Lawrence Michael Obeng, Osei-Asibey Antwi, Winifred Naa Adoley, Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye","doi":"10.1155/2024/3308441","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3308441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naturally occurring hydrophilic colloids are versatile excipients in drug delivery systems. They are often used as coating materials, disintegrating agents, binders, emulsion stabilizers, and other applications. This study sought to investigate the physicochemical and emulsifying properties of gum extracted from <i>Melia azedarach</i> (MA). The gum was harvested, authenticated, and purified using ethanol precipitation. Physicochemical, microbial, and proximate analyses were performed on the purified gum. Oil of olive emulsions containing different amounts (5-15%w/v) of the gum as emulsifiers were prepared by homogenization. The zeta potential, creaming index, and average droplet size of products were assessed. The effects of pH changes, temperature, and monovalent and divalent electrolytes on the stability of the emulsions were also investigated. The yield of the gum after purification was 68.3%w/w. The gum has low moisture content and good swelling properties. Lead, copper, cadmium, and mercury were not detected. Emulsions containing 15%w/v of acacia or MA gum had the smallest average (Z-average) droplet size (acacia: 1.837 ± 0.420 <i>μ</i>m; MA gum: 2.791 ± 0.694 <i>μ</i>m) and the highest zeta potential (acacia: -30.45 mV; MA gum: -32.867 mV). Increasing the concentration of the gums increased the emulsion viscosity with MA gum emulsions being more viscous than corresponding acacia emulsions. MA gum emulsions had higher emulsion capacity and stability but lower creaming index relative to acacia gum emulsions of similar concentrations. Potassium chloride (KCl) reduced zeta potential but increased Z-average for emulsions prepared with either gum. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) produced a similar but more pronounced effect. When the pH was decreased from 10 to 2, the zeta potential of the droplets was reduced, but the droplet size of emulsions prepared from either gum was increased. Increasing temperature from 25 to 90°C produced no significant (<i>p</i> value >0.9999) change in droplet size. These findings suggest that MA gum is a capable emulsifying agent at 15%w/v.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3308441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11362570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometrics and Reproductive Characteristics of the Freshwater Crab <i>Sartoriana spinigera</i> from the Habitat of Ratargul Swamp Forest, Bangladesh: An Approach to Conservation.","authors":"Sanjida Akther, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Debasish Pandit, Thouhidur Rahman Chowdhury, Sohel Mian","doi":"10.1155/2024/4550875","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4550875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 332 freshwater crab <i>Sartoriana spinigera</i> samples were collected for eight consecutive months from the Ratargul freshwater swamp forest, Bangladesh, to examine their general morphometrics and reproductive traits. The length-weight relationships of carapace weight with carapace length, width, and depth indicated negative allometric growth. The logarithmic relationship between carapace weight and carapace length, carapace weight and carapace width, and carapace weight and carapace depth exhibited a correlation value of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.56, respectively. Fulton's condition factor and allometric condition factor were found to be highest in March and lowest in October. The sex ratio was 1.59 : 1 for the male to female, which did not show a considerable divergence from the expected 1 : 1 ratio in the chi-square test (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In July, a maximum of mature individuals was collected and investigated. The fertilization was 1297 ± 629 ova, the ovary weight was 447.22 ± 359.39 mg, and the egg diameter was 375.15 ± 130.18 <i>µ</i>m. Histological analysis showed that the male hepatopancreas was well organized and decomposition was reported in the female during the vitellogenic stages of the ovary. Spermatogonium cells were found in the male gonad, and cells from the female gonad were in the vitellogenic mature stage. In conclusion, the research will serve as a foundation for future research work on freshwater crab species as well as the conservation and maintenance of the ecological balance of this species in the Ratargul freshwater swamp forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4550875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11357817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explication of Pharmacological Proficiency of Phytoconstituents from <i>Adansonia digitata</i> Bark: An <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Silico</i> Approaches.","authors":"Sangavi P, Gowtham Kumar S, Nachammai Kt, Chandrabose Selvaraj, Langeswaran K","doi":"10.1155/2024/6645824","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6645824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to other drug discovery sources, traditional medicine has significantly contributed to developing innovative therapeutic molecules for preventive and curative medicine. The Baobab tree, also known as <i>Adansonia digitata</i> L., is significant in Africa due to its multitude of benefits and various parts that serve different purposes, providing economic support to rural communities. The analysis of a plant sample using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy detected multiple functional groups, such as carboxyl and aromatic groups. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was utilized to identify various compounds present in the sample, including tetrachloroethylene and octyl ester. The results of different assays, such as <i>α</i>-diphenyl-<i>β</i>-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, nitric oxide scavenging assays, and total antioxidant by thiobarbituric acid method (TBA) and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, demonstrated a substantial scavenging of free radicals and an effective antioxidant efficacy. The bark's antimicrobial activity was tested through agar diffusion, resulting in a range of zone of inhibition from 10.1 ± 0.36 mm to 20.85 ± 0.76 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was observed to be approximately 0.625 <i>µ</i>g/mL. The biofilm inhibition percentage ranged from 9.89% to 57.92%, with the highest percentage being 57.92%. The GC-MS and FT-IR studies revealed phytocompounds, which were then analyzed for their potential therapeutic properties. Computational studies were conducted on the phytocompounds against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and C2 kinase (antioxidant). The study concluded that the <i>Adansonia digitata</i> bark extract and its phytocompound have potential therapeutic efficacy against the target proteins. The best docking scores were about -7.053 kcal/mol and -7.573 kcal/mol for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and C2 kinase (antioxidant), respectively. The interaction patterns with the crucial amino acid residues elucidate the inhibitory efficacy of the phytocompounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6645824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal, Insecticidal, and Repellent Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Essential Oil and Molecular Docking of Its Constituents against Acetylcholinesterase and <i>β</i>-Tubulin.","authors":"Ghizlane Houzi, Youness El Abdali, Ghada Beniaich, Mohamed Chebaibi, Mohamed Taibi, Amine Elbouzidi, Samiha Kaioua, Abdeslam Asehraou, Mohamed Addi, Khalid Chaabane, Rachid Flouchi, Aimad Allali, Soad Khal-Layoun","doi":"10.1155/2024/5558041","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5558041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antifungal and insecticidal properties of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> essential oil (EO). GC-MS was employed to analyze the phytochemical profile of the EO. The antifungal activity of the EO was assessed by calculating growth inhibition rates for <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. Repellent capacity and toxicity were evaluated through inhalation and contact tests on <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i>. Molecular docking techniques were utilized to test the insecticidal and antifungal activities of rosemary EO. The analysis revealed a total of sixteen components in <i>R</i>. <i>officinalis</i> EO, with 1,8-cineole (40.80%) being the major constituent, followed by <i>α</i>-pinene (26.18%) and camphor (19.53%). Antifungal evaluation demonstrated a significant inhibitory impact on the mycelial growth of the tested fungi, with complete inhibition observed against <i>B. cinerea</i>. In terms of insecticidal capacity, the EO induced complete mortality of <i>C. maculatus</i> adults at a concentration of 1 <i>μ</i>L/L air, with an inhalation test LC₅₀ value of 0.62 <i>μ</i>L/L air. Concentration-dependent reductions were observed in the number of both laid eggs and emerged insects, reaching a 99.36% reduction. The EO also exhibited a moderate effectiveness in repelling insects, with an average repellency rate of 50.83%. <i>In silico</i> analysis identified borneol as the most active molecule against insect acetylcholinesterase (PDB: 6ARY) with a Glide score of -7.254 kcal/mol. <i>α</i>-Caryophyllene showed the highest activity against <i>B. cinerea β</i>-tubulin (PDB: 3N2G) with a Glide score of -7.025 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that the EO derived from Moroccan <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> has potential as an effective natural agent against pathogenic fungi and could serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative as a bioinsecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5558041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"By-Products of the Babassu Agribusiness for Ruminant Diets.","authors":"Ygor Nascimento Portela, Danrley Martins Bandeira, Daniele de Jesus Ferreira, Henrique Nunes Parente, Michelle de Oliveira Maia Parente, Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha, Glayciane Costa Gois, Fleming Sena Campos, Francisca Claudia da Silva de Sousa, Luana Milena Pinheiro Rodrigues, Jessica Maria de Sousa Oliveira, Anderson de Moura Zanine","doi":"10.1155/2024/5363940","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5363940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of babassu agro-industrial residues in animal feed, in addition to being an economic option of great importance in reducing the environmental impact in regions of the Brazilian Cerrado, provides the production of good quality foods of animal origin due to its nutritional characteristics. However, information related to the nutritional components of babassu by-industrial residues has not yet been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of some by-products from the babassu production chain through chemical composition and in situ degradability analyses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with 4 by-products from babassu processing (cake, greasy, fine flour, and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour) and 5 replications. The by-products differ in terms of chemical composition, except for the hemicellulose content. For the degradability of fraction \"a\" of dry matter, it presented a higher percentage for 95 <i>µ</i>m flour. Fine flour and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour presented the highest fractions \"b\" and \"c,\" potential, and effective degradability of dry matter. For the degradation of crude protein, the highest percentages of potential and effective degradability were observed for greasy and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour. The highest standardized potentially degradable fraction and the highest passage rate were obtained by 95 <i>µ</i>m flour, which also showed greater degradation for dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. Among the by-products studied, the babassu cake has superior chemical composition; however, the 95 <i>µ</i>m flour presented nutritional value and satisfactory rumen degradation to be used as an additive or in partial replacement of traditional concentrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5363940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Metals in Sediments of the Babon River, Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Haeruddin Haeruddin, Agoes Soegianto, Frida Purwanti, Arif Rahman, Carolyn Melissa Payus, Hefni Effendi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2065513","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2065513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Babon River is one of the drainage channels in Semarang, Indonesia, that is used for drinking water, irrigated agriculture of paddy fields and gardens, fish farming media, and the disposal of industrial wastewater. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of metals in the sediment of the Babon River through the utilization of different pollution indices. These indices included concentration factor (Cf), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), sediment pollution index (SPI), threshold effect level (TEL), and probable effect level (PEL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven sampling locations were sampled for water and sediment in April, June, and September of 2021. The measurement of the metal was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the study demonstrated that sediments with a predominant sand texture exhibited higher levels of Cd and Pb, while the sediments characterized by a predominant clay texture had a higher concentration of Cr. Upon analyzing the Cf, CF, EF, Igeo, and SPI data, it has been confirmed that the sediment in the Babon River has substantial levels of Cd, Cr, and Pb. According to the TEL and PEL values, it can be observed that the presence of Cd and Pb has detrimental effects on the biological health of the benthic biota.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The aquatic biota and the benthic environment may be subject to adverse effects in the event where the concentration of metals in the sediment is higher than the natural concentration of metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2065513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}