Seminars in Ophthalmology最新文献_第6页

Metallic Intraocular Foreign Bodies Following Torsional Phacoemulsification Surgery. 扭转超声乳化手术后的金属眼内异物。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2443841

Prabhjot Singh, Vikas Ambiya, Gaurav Kapoor, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Rahul, Jyothi Nandanan, Ashok Kumar

{"title":"Metallic Intraocular Foreign Bodies Following Torsional Phacoemulsification Surgery.","authors":"Prabhjot Singh, Vikas Ambiya, Gaurav Kapoor, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Rahul, Jyothi Nandanan, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2443841","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2443841","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to determine the rate of retained metallic intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) following torsional phacoemulsification cataract surgery by an experienced surgeon and elucidate related surgical factors, particle origin theories from existing literature, and postoperative visual impact.Methods: An observational study was conducted on 300 consecutive cases of cataract who underwent torsional phacoemulsification by a single surgeon using two-handed stop-and-chop technique. The incidence of retained IOFBs was observed and correlated with the surgical parameters and the density of cataract.Results: Retained IOFBs were observed in 6 of 300 (2%) cases operated. These were significantly associated with higher cumulative dissipated energy and the density of cataract, but without impacting final vision.Conclusion: Phacoemulsification retains inherent risks of metallic particle liberation from ultrasonically stressed instrumentation interacting within confined spaces. However, small retained IOFBs appear visually inconsequential over limited follow-up. Advances in technique, engineering design, and surgical quality control hold promise for further enhancing safety of the procedure.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"250-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk Factors for Eye and Orbital Injuries Related to Electric Scooters and Off-Road Vehicles. 与电动滑板车和非公路车辆有关的眼部和眼眶损伤风险因素。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2429633

Samantha A McLaughlin, Natalia Davila, Niloufar Bineshfar, Tejus Pradeep

{"title":"Risk Factors for Eye and Orbital Injuries Related to Electric Scooters and Off-Road Vehicles.","authors":"Samantha A McLaughlin, Natalia Davila, Niloufar Bineshfar, Tejus Pradeep","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2429633","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2429633","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Electric scooters (e-scooters) have rapidly become a mainstream method of transportation in the U.S. but there is consequently limited data on their safety profile. This study evaluates ophthalmic injuries related to e-scooters compared to non-motorized scooters and off-road vehicles (ORV).Methods: This retrospective study uses the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (2014 to 2023). Ocular injury profiles associated with conventional scooters, e-scooters, and off-road vehicles were included.Results: E-scooter ocular injuries rose by 1950% between 2014 and 2023. E-scooter riders were 4.3 times more likely to sustain orbital fractures and 2.7 times more likely to be hospitalized than non-motorized scooter riders. ORV and e-scooter riders had comparable injury and hospitalization patterns. Alcohol use and lack of helmet use were significant contributors to injury severity.Conclusions and relevance: Injury patterns and hospitalization rates in e-scooter accidents resemble those of ORV incidents. Findings highlight the need for public health interventions to reduce the burden of e-scooter-related injuries.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"239-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tear Film and Dry Eye Characteristics as Predictors of Photophobia in 374 Patients with Dry Eye Disease. 泪膜和干眼症特征是 374 名干眼症患者畏光的预测因素。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2429630

Swati Singh, Moumi Maity, Md Hasnat Ali, Sayan Basu

{"title":"Tear Film and Dry Eye Characteristics as Predictors of Photophobia in 374 Patients with Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Swati Singh, Moumi Maity, Md Hasnat Ali, Sayan Basu","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2429630","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2429630","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the tear film parameters associated with photophobia in dry eye disease (DED).Methods: Three hundred seventy-four patients with DED (mean age, 42.2 ± 12.8 years) had their tear film and OSDI scores evaluated using Oculus keratograph 5 M (TMH, NIBUT, Meibography), Lipiview interferometer (LLT), and TearLab osmolarity system. Photophobia scoring from OSDI sheets was used to calculate the odds ratio via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Data from the eye with severely affected NIBUT was used.Results: Of 374, 127 had aqueous deficient dry eye disease (ADDE), and 247 had evaporative DED. The mean age, female sex, Schirmer I, TMH, NIBUT, LLT, and tear osmolarity values in patients with photophobia versus no or mild photophobia were 42.2. vs. 40.9 years, 42% vs. 40%, 11.6 vs. 10.5 mm, 0.27 vs. 0.29 mm, 4.6 vs. 4.7s, 60.3 vs. 60.9 nm and 305 vs. 307 mOsm/L, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed no tear film parameters predictive of photophobia in evaporative DED, whereas tear osmolarity had a weak negative association with photophobia (odds ratio of 0.96, 95% C.I, 0.92-1, p = .04) in ADDE patients.Conclusion: Tear film parameters do not predict the presence or absence of photophobia in DED except for a weak inverse association with tear osmolarity in ADDE. This suggests the role of central sensitization in regulating photophobia in DED patients.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"235-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pupillary Peaking & Presence of Dysphotopsias Following Glaucoma Tube Shunt Surgery. 青光眼管分流手术后的瞳孔峰值和视力障碍。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2421475

Orlando G Gonzalez Martinez, Marko Oydanich, Siri Uppuluri, Rashika Verma, Albert S Khouri

{"title":"Pupillary Peaking & Presence of Dysphotopsias Following Glaucoma Tube Shunt Surgery.","authors":"Orlando G Gonzalez Martinez, Marko Oydanich, Siri Uppuluri, Rashika Verma, Albert S Khouri","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2421475","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2421475","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe the presence of pupillary peaking and dysphotopsias in a sample of eyes following glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 68 glaucoma patients with GDD, 45 patients with glaucoma and no GDD, and 50 control patients was conducted in a single academic center. Patients with an appropriate diagnosis that met the inclusion criteria were asked to enroll in the study. All patients received an 8-item dysphotopsia questionnaire and were age-matched. Photographs of pupils were taken to assess pupillary peaking. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing was performed for statistical analysis.Results: Of the 68 patients with GDD, 25 (36.76%) had pupillary abnormalities with peaking most commonly occurring in the direction of the tube entry superotemporally, and 50 (73.53%) had reported one or more dysphotopsias. In patients reporting one or more dysphotopsias, the rate of lines, crescents, ghost images, and shadows was significantly higher when compared to glaucoma patients without GDD and control patients (p < .01). This corresponded to a lower best-corrected visual acuity in the GDD group compared to the glaucoma and control groups (p < .001).Conclusions: Over a third of glaucoma patients receiving GDD had pupillary abnormalities, and nearly 3 out of 4 patients with GDD reported one or more dysphotopsias when compared to glaucoma patients without GDD and an age-matched control group. Glaucoma specialists and patients should be aware of these complications when proceeding with GDD surgery.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142507449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intravitreal Brolucizumab with Placebo for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Persistent Macular Fluid Without Choroidal Neovascular Membrane - BRICS Report #1. 一项比较玻璃体内布卢珠单抗与安慰剂治疗慢性中枢性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的随机对照试验方案- BRICS报告#1

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2478072

Srishti Raksheeth Ramamurthy, Saarang Hansraj, Ritesh Narula, SriniVas R Sadda, Sobha Sivaprasad, Jay K Chhablani, Mudit Tyagi, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Umesh Chandra Behera, Raja Narayanan

{"title":"Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intravitreal Brolucizumab with Placebo for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Persistent Macular Fluid Without Choroidal Neovascular Membrane - BRICS Report #1.","authors":"Srishti Raksheeth Ramamurthy, Saarang Hansraj, Ritesh Narula, SriniVas R Sadda, Sobha Sivaprasad, Jay K Chhablani, Mudit Tyagi, Nikitha Gurram Reddy, Umesh Chandra Behera, Raja Narayanan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2478072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2478072","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Established consensus is lacking for the management of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). The role of anti-VEGF agents in treating chronic CSCR in the absence of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is equivocal. We aim to study intravitreal brolucizumab in the treatment of persistent macular fluid in chronic CSCR without CNVM.Methods: This study is a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial to be conducted among 42 patients with chronic CSCR (>3 months duration) with persistent intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive brolucizumab or oral multivitamins. Primary endpoint will be fluid resolution on OCT at 1 and 3 months. Secondary outcome measures will include the best-corrected visual acuity, microperimetry and NEI-VFQ 25 subjective questionnaire.Conclusion: The results of this study will provide an understanding of the efficacy and safety of brolucizumab in achieving fluid resolution in chronic CSCR without CNVM.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lacrimal History - Part 40: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Reynaldo Manansala Javate (1954-) and Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli (1967-). 泪史-第40部分：泪学系列——雷纳尔多·曼南沙拉·贾瓦特（1954-）和莫森·巴赫马尼·卡什库利（1967-）。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2485595

Mohammad Javed Ali

引用次数: 0

Intraocular Tumor Biopsy. 眼内肿瘤活检。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2484228

Khushboo Chauhan, Arun Singh, Vishal Raval

{"title":"Intraocular Tumor Biopsy.","authors":"Khushboo Chauhan, Arun Singh, Vishal Raval","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2484228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2484228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intraocular biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to obtain tissue samples to identify intraocular lesions, including tumors, infections, and inflammatory conditions. Inconclusive clinical and imaging findings necessitate intraocular biopsy.Methods: This retrospective review reviewed the relevant literature, including relevant reviews, original articles, case reports, and case series published up to July 2024.Results: Depending on the location and suspected nature of the lesion, intraocular biopsy is performed using various techniques, such as fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), vitreous biopsy, and chorioretinal biopsy. Despite its challenges, such as small sample size and potential complications like retinal detachment and hemorrhage, intraocular biopsy plays a vital role in guiding management decisions, including treatment planning. Recent advancements in molecular pathology and imaging-guided biopsy techniques have enhanced tissue yield and safety, making biopsy an invaluable diagnostic tool. In ocular oncology, prognostic biopsy for uveal melanoma has become the standard of care.Conclusion: Intraocular biopsy remains a crucial diagnostic tool for treatment decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Technological advancements continue to refine its efficacy and safety, reinforcing its role in modern ophthalmic practice.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Small Choroidal Melanoma: Diagnosis, Treatment Outcomes, and Unending Controversy. 小脉络膜黑色素瘤：诊断、治疗结果和无休止的争论。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2480188

Kapil Mishra, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya

{"title":"The Small Choroidal Melanoma: Diagnosis, Treatment Outcomes, and Unending Controversy.","authors":"Kapil Mishra, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2480188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2480188","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Small choroidal melanoma (SCM) remains a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical overlap with choroidal nevus. This overlap encompasses a wide clinical phenotype of lesions termed indeterminate choroidal lesions. Treating an indeterminate lesion is weighed against significant visual morbidity from local treatment versus increased metastatic risk with tumor size.Methods: This comprehensive review includes diagnosis, controversies, management, and future therapy options for small choroidal melanoma.Results: For diagnostically challenging cases, indeterminate choroidal lesions can be closely monitored for growth utilizing multimodal imaging. Tumor biopsies can be performed for either diagnostic purposes in indeterminate choroidal lesions or for metastatic risk prognostication in small choroidal melanomas. Several new treatment options exist to reduce the risk of radiation complications.Conclusion: Despite significant advances in diagnostic imaging, molecular analysis, and treatment techniques for SCM, these tumors may still pose a challenge on appropriate timing and management options.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy. 巩膜斑块近距离放疗。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2480189

Vishal Raval, Rohan Kapoor, Arun Singh

{"title":"Episcleral Plaque Brachytherapy.","authors":"Vishal Raval, Rohan Kapoor, Arun Singh","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2480189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2480189","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Episcleral plaque brachytherapy is a treatment method for ocular tumors that involves placing radionuclide sources directly on or around the tumor using an episcleral plaque. This technique offers the advantage of a highly focused radiation dose, minimizing exposure to critical eye structures. Various radionuclides such as I-125, Ru-106, and Pd-103 are used in ocular brachytherapy. The choice of radionuclides depends on several factors, such as tumor size, location, and desired dose rate.Methods: A retrospective review of the literature from PubMed (1998-2024).Results: Special emphasis is placed on indications for ocular brachytherapy and variations in treatment approaches for choroidal and retinal tumors. This article provides a comprehensive overview of ocular brachytherapy, focusing on its history, indications, technique, and complications. It also provides insight into new innovations in ocular brachytherapy.Conclusion: This article highlights the indications for ocular brachytherapy in choroidal and retinal tumors and describes its complications. This review of the literature on synthesized variations in treatment approaches was conducted to identify the most commonly used management strategies.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adjuvant Brachytherapy Using Iodine-125 Plaques for Conjunctival Melanoma with Scleral Invasion. 使用碘-125斑块辅助近距离治疗结膜黑色素瘤伴巩膜侵袭。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Seminars in Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2025.2479781

Alyssa C Bonnell, Laura D Selby, Minh T Nguyen, Jonathan Chen, Alexei V Chvetsov, Andrew W Stacey

{"title":"Adjuvant Brachytherapy Using Iodine-125 Plaques for Conjunctival Melanoma with Scleral Invasion.","authors":"Alyssa C Bonnell, Laura D Selby, Minh T Nguyen, Jonathan Chen, Alexei V Chvetsov, Andrew W Stacey","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2479781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2479781","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To report a series of patients with unresectable conjunctival melanoma treated with surgical excision followed by adjuvant iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy.Methods: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients at one institution who were found to have scleral-invasive conjunctival melanoma and who were treated with adjuvant plaque brachytherapy. Pre-operative, radiation, and post-operative data were collected for each patient. Patients were evaluated for intraocular pressure, visual acuity (VA), radiation complications, local recurrence, and presence of metastatic disease.Results: A total of 9 patients met inclusion criteria. After surgical excision, all 9 patients were treated with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy with a dose of 85 Gy to a depth of 3 mm from the plaque face for a prescribed dwell time of 2-3 days. Patients were followed for a median of 45 months (range: 3-66). There have been no local recurrences to this point. Following surgery, 4 of the 9 patients maintained a VA of 20/50 or better. Overall mean visual acuity declined from Snellen 20/59 preoperatively to 20/209 postoperatively. Limbal stem cell deficiency occurred in 3 patients (33%) but may be explained by additional treatments provided in each of these patients (mitomycin C eyedrops in two and proton beam radiation in one). One patient with a second, high-risk forniceal conjunctival melanoma developed metastatic disease.Conclusions: Plaque brachytherapy with iodine-125, delivering a dose of 85 Gy to a depth of 3 mm over a short period of time (3 days) provides safe and promising results for vision and tumor control in patients with scleral-invasive conjunctival melanoma.","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0