Seminars in Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Recent Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment for Diabetic Cataracts.","authors":"Yike Li, An-Peng Pan, A-Yong Yu","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2427789","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2427789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cataracts are still the main cause of blindness worldwide. The incidence of cataracts in the diabetic population is 3-5 times higher than in healthy people. With the increasing incidence of diabetes and the development of aging, as well as the higher risk of surgical and postoperative complications of diabetic patients undergoing surgery, it is still necessary to study the occurrence and development mechanism of diabetic cataracts as well as potential therapeutic targets and therapeutic drugs.<b>Methods:</b> A retrospective review of the literature from PubMed (2017-2024).<b>Results:</b> We summarized the the current literature on the molecular mechanism and prevention and treatment of diabetic cataracts.<b>Conclusions:</b> The aqueous humor metabolism changes, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species generation increase, the conversion of polyol pathway, as well as non-coding RNA expression changes play important roles in diabetic cataract and these processes is closely linked with each other. Inhibitors or drugs target to these processes, such as aldose reductase inhibitors, antioxidants, natural flavonoid compounds, as well as nanotechnology-based therapeutic product, have shown promising prospects in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cataract.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part 28: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Hirohiko Kakizaki (1970-).","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2440201","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2440201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites.","authors":"Brendan K Tao, David Gou, Jacqueline Chen, Rachel Phord-Toy, Janaya Lo, Chia-Chen Tsai, Edsel Ing, Christian El-Hadad","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2447725","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2447725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Canadian Resident Matching Service (<i>n</i> = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (<i>n</i> = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>US programs more frequently had highly comprehensive websites than Canadian programs (US: 74.4%, Canada: 40%). Canadian programs mostly achieved moderate comprehensiveness (Canada: 60%, US: 22.4%). Larger program size and US origin were significantly linked to higher comprehensiveness scores (<i>p</i> < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that US-based, larger programs offer more extensive online resources. We recommend standardized guidelines to improve residency program website transparency and accessibility for medical learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Postoperative Difference of Eyelid Height Based on Intraoperative Measurement of Levator Aponeurosis Advancement in Patients with Unilateral Ptosis.","authors":"Jose Miguel Ambat, Steffani Krista Someda, Naoyuki Morishige, Yasuhiro Takahashi, Hirohiko Kakizaki","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2416059","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2416059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the relationship between marginal reflex distance (MRD-1) outcomes and the distance of levator aponeurosis advancement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included patients with acquired unilateral aponeurotic ptosis, who underwent small-incision anterior levator advancement. The distance of levator advancement, and intra-operative MRD-1 in the sitting position, were analyzed to determine a correlation between the two.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight patients were included. Results exhibited no direct relationship between advancement distance and MRD-1 measurements. Median and range of MRD-1 outcomes did not present a linear progression as the distance increased or decreased. A majority of advancement distances exhibited a median MRD-1 outcome of 4.00 mm (<i>n</i> = 3). Success criteria was met in 85.4% of surgeries performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to varying postoperative MRD-1 outcomes, surgical results cannot be accurately predicted using predetermined advancement distances. Confirming the final MRD-1 in the sitting position with subsequent adjustment is still recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"320-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142474219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitrectomy Combined with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm with \"Multilayered\" Hemorrhages.","authors":"Xueli Yang, Hongzhe Li, Haixia Guo, Han Han, Fengqi Zhou, Qihua Wang, Yuezhu Lu, Changjiao Zhang, Hua Yan","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2426483","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2426483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To report clinical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of \"multilayered\" hemorrhages caused by hemorrhagic retinal arterial microaneurysm (RAM) in three cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three patients with hemorrhagic RAM were reviewed. All patients underwent vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling. The diagnosis of RAM was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had yellowish-white prominent lesions with preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhaging with or without macular edema. Several months after the vitrectomy, the multilayered hemorrhages resolved without recurrent hemorrhage in the macular area. The exudative retinal detachment and macular edema associated with the RAM resolved, and eventually the RAM resolved, leaving behind white fibrous tissue. The visual acuity was improved in all patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling was an option for the treatment of RAM with \"multilayered\" hemorrhages. Postoperative visual acuity and anatomical structure were improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.","authors":"Theodore Bowe, Olufemi E Adams, Yoshihiro Yonekawa","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2440725","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2440725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and primary objective: </strong>Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. A thorough evaluation of family, medical, and ocular history is helpful, as systemic and genetic conditions can predispose children to RRD. Trauma, high myopia, and history of prematurity are also common risk factors. Examining young children in the outpatient setting may have limitations, but the yield can be maximized by modifying examination techniques and utilizing imaging technologies. In this manscript, the considerations for diagnosis and management of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are outlined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Primary scleral buckling is the treatment of choice for the vast majority of pediatric RRDs, as it offers a higher single surgery success rate in these young eyes with firmly adherent posterior hyaloid. Primary vitrectomy is not recommended due to this reason. Scleral buckling is the mainstay of pediatric RRD surgery, even in cases that may typically undergo vitrectomy in adults. Prophylactic treatment of the fellow eye may also be warranted in certain clinical scenarios. Understanding the unique challenges these patients face is important for early diagnosis, timely intervention, and tailored surgical strategies to optimize visual outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"283-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part 30: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Bruno Fayet (1954-2022).","authors":"Francesco Quaranta-Leoni, Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2441049","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2024.2441049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"261-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part 31: Doyens of Dacryology Series - William Rocamora Katowitz (1966-).","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2443328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2443328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"264-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal History - Part 16: Doyens of Dacryology Series - Charles de Saint-Yves (1667-1736) and His Observations on Anchylops and Aegilops.","authors":"Mohammad Javed Ali","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2496100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2496100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Myopia and Its Association with Sleep Duration, Physical Activity, and Eye Exercises.","authors":"Juan Cao, Xiaolian Xie, Jing Li, Ling Zhang, Qi Chen, Juan Ma, Haiping Zhao, Jiangping Li, Leina Jia","doi":"10.1080/08820538.2025.2492256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2025.2492256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myopia is the most common visual impairment among Chinese children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to explore key interventions for myopia prevalence, especially for early-onset myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate potential associations between risk factor exposure and myopia. Lasso regression was performed to prioritize the risk features, and the selected leading influencing factors were used to establish the assembled simulation model. Finally, the rms package of R was used to construct a nomogram forecasting model to predict the risk of myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Ningxia has shown a rapid upward trend in the past 25 years, from 50.3% in 1995 to 61.4% in 2019, with a growth rate of 10%. Children and adolescents with high grades had a high risk of myopia, which was 3.783 times higher in college school students than that of primary school students. Getting enough sleep time during school days per day (OR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.620-0.840), be active in physical activity (OR = 0.823, 95% CI: 0.709-0.953), and do eye exercises (OR = 0.725, 95% CI: 0.570-0.919) were the top three protective factors. The AUCs of integrated simulation model for myopia was 0.707.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents were high in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of Northwest China, and the findings illustrate that reaching the recommended sleep time during school days, being active in physical exercise, and doing eye exercises among different ages are the leading three protective factors for myopia. Such data are critical and valuable for public health agencies to formulate intervention strategies for preventing high myopia and subsequent myopic maculopathy, cataract, retinal detachment, and glaucoma, including promotion of eye exercise, physical activity, enough sleep duration, and health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":21702,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}