Science最新文献

{"title":"Imaging quantum melting in a disordered 2D Wigner solid","authors":"Ziyu Xiang,&nbsp;Hongyuan Li,&nbsp;Jianghan Xiao,&nbsp;Mit H. Naik,&nbsp;Zhehao Ge,&nbsp;Zehao He,&nbsp;Sudi Chen,&nbsp;Jiahui Nie,&nbsp;Shiyu Li,&nbsp;Yifan Jiang,&nbsp;Renee Sailus,&nbsp;Rounak Banerjee,&nbsp;Takashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Kenji Watanabe,&nbsp;Sefaattin Tongay,&nbsp;Steven G. Louie,&nbsp;Michael F. Crommie,&nbsp;Feng Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Two-dimensional strongly interacting electrons crystalize into a solid phase known as the Wigner crystal at low densities and form a Fermi liquid at high densities. At intermediate densities, the two-dimensional solid evolves into a strongly correlated liquid phase around a critical density. We observed this quantum melting of a disordered Wigner solid in bilayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂) using a noninvasive scanning tunneling microscopy imaging technique. At low densities, the Wigner solid forms nanocrystalline domains pinned by local disorder. It exhibits a quantum densification behavior with increased densities in the solid phase. Above a threshold density, the Wigner solid melts locally and enters a mixed phase in which solid and liquid regions coexist. The liquid regions expand and form a percolation network at even higher densities.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GPCR signaling gates astrocyte responsiveness to neurotransmitters and control of neuronal activity","authors":"Kevin A. Guttenplan,&nbsp;Isa Maxwell,&nbsp;Erin Santos,&nbsp;Luke A. Borchardt,&nbsp;Ernesto Manzo,&nbsp;Leire Abalde-Atristain,&nbsp;Rachel D. Kim,&nbsp;Marc R. Freeman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >How astrocytes regulate neuronal circuits is a fundamental question in neurobiology. Specifically, how astrocytes respond to different neurotransmitters in vivo and how they affect downstream circuit modulation are questions that remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report a mechanism in <i>Drosophila</i> by which G protein–coupled adrenergic signaling in astrocytes can control—or “gate”—their ability to respond to other neurotransmitters. Further, we show that manipulating this pathway potently regulates neuronal circuit activity and animal behavior. This gating mechanism is conserved in cultured primary mammalian astrocytes, suggesting that it might be an ancient feature of astrocyte circuit function. Our work establishes a mechanism by which astrocytes dynamically respond to and modulate neuronal activity in different brain regions and in different behavioral states.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded utility belt for tackling bat viruses.","authors":"Jie Zhou, Kwok Yung Yuen","doi":"10.1126/science.adx9000","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx9000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A diverse organoid panel illuminates bat-virus interactions and the potential of trans-species spillover.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":"700-701"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From North Asia to South America: Tracing the longest human migration through genomic sequencing","authors":"Elena S. Gusareva,&nbsp;Amit Gourav Ghosh,&nbsp;Vladimir N. Kharkov,&nbsp;Seik-Soon Khor,&nbsp;Aleksei Zarubin,&nbsp;Nikita Moshkov,&nbsp;Namrata Kalsi,&nbsp;Aakrosh Ratan,&nbsp;Cassie E. Heinle,&nbsp;Niall Cooke,&nbsp;Claudio M. Bravi,&nbsp;Marina V. Smolnikova,&nbsp;Sergey Yu. Tereshchenko,&nbsp;Eduard W. Kasparov,&nbsp;Irina Khitrinskaya,&nbsp;Andrey Marusin,&nbsp;Magomed O. Razhabov,&nbsp;Maria V. Golubenko,&nbsp;Maria Swarovskaya,&nbsp;Nikita A. Kolesnikov,&nbsp;Ksenia V. Vagaitseva,&nbsp;Elena R. Eremina,&nbsp;Aitalina Sukhomyasova,&nbsp;Olga Shtygasheva,&nbsp;Deepa Panicker,&nbsp;Poh Nee Ang,&nbsp;Choou Fook Lee,&nbsp;Yanqing Koh,&nbsp;See Ting Leong,&nbsp;Changsook Park,&nbsp;Sachin R. Lohar,&nbsp;Zhei Hwee Yap,&nbsp;Soo Guek Ng,&nbsp;Justine Dacanay,&nbsp;Daniela I. Drautz-Moses,&nbsp;Nurul Adilah Binte Ramli,&nbsp;Katsushi Tokunaga,&nbsp;Ian McGonigle,&nbsp;Inaho Danjoh,&nbsp;Andrés Moreno-Estrada,&nbsp;Atsushi Tajima,&nbsp;Hideyuki Tanabe,&nbsp;Yukio Nakamura,&nbsp;Shigeki Nakagome,&nbsp;Tatiana V. Tatarinova,&nbsp;Vadim A. Stepanov,&nbsp;Stephan C. Schuster,&nbsp;Hie Lim Kim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Genome sequencing of 1537 individuals from 139 ethnic groups reveals the genetic characteristics of understudied populations in North Asia and South America. Our analysis demonstrates that West Siberian ancestry, represented by the Kets and Nenets, contributed to the genetic ancestry of most Siberian populations. West Beringians, including the Koryaks, Inuit, and Luoravetlans, exhibit genetic adaptation to Arctic climate, including medically relevant variants. In South America, early migrants split into four groups—Amazonians, Andeans, Chaco Amerindians, and Patagonians—~13,900 years ago. Their longest migration led to population decline, whereas settlement in South America’s diverse environments caused instant spatial isolation, reducing genetic and immunogenic diversity. These findings highlight how population history and environmental pressures shaped the genetic architecture of human populations across North Asia and South America.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.adk5081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very good dogsLab Dog: What Global Science Owes American Beagles Brad Bolman University of Chicago Press, 2025. 384 pp.","authors":"Barbara J King","doi":"10.1126/science.adv2848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv2848","url":null,"abstract":"The beagle has sacrificed much for biomedical research-was it worth it?","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"710"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cost of health.","authors":"Lara de Macedo Monteiro","doi":"10.1126/science.ady8982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady8982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":"790"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis of influenza ribonucleoprotein complex assembly and processive RNA synthesis.","authors":"Ruchao Peng,Xin Xu,Binod Nepal,Yikang Gong,Fenglin Li,Max B Ferretti,Mingyang Zhou,Kristen W Lynch,George M Burslem,Sandhya Kortagere,Ronen Marmorstein,Yi-Wei Chang","doi":"10.1126/science.adq7597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq7597","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza viruses replicate and transcribe their genome in the context of a conserved ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. By integrating cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis and cryo-electron tomography, we define the influenza RNP as a right-handed, antiparallel double helix with the viral RNA encapsidated in the minor groove. Individual nucleoprotein subunits are connected by a flexible tail loop that inserts into a conserved pocket in its neighbor. We visualize the viral polymerase in RNP at different functional states, revealing how it accesses the RNA template while maintaining the double-helical architecture of RNP by strand sliding. Targeting the tail loop binding interface, we identify lead compounds as potential anti-influenza inhibitors. These findings elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning influenza virus replication and highlight a promising target for antiviral development.","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"eadq7597"},"PeriodicalIF":56.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.","authors":"Jordan R Willis, Madhu Prabhakaran, Michelle Muthui, Ansuya Naidoo, Troy Sincomb, Weiwei Wu, Christopher A Cottrell, Elise Landais, Allan C deCamp, Nahid R Keshavarzi, Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy, Jeong Hyun Lee, Linda M Murungi, Wilfrida A Ogonda, Nicole L Yates, Martin M Corcoran, Swastik Phulera, Joel Musando, Amanda Tsai, Gabrielle Lemire, Yiakon Sein, Michael Muteti, Praveen Alamuri, Jennifer A Bohl, Drienna Holman, Sunny Himansu, Brett Leav, Caroline Reuter, Li-An Lin, Baoyu Ding, Chunla He, Walter L Straus, Kellie J MacPhee, Isabel Regadas, Diana V Nyabundi, Ruth Chirchir, Aggrey Anzala, John N Kimotho, Caleb Kibet, Kelli Greene, Hongmei Gao, Erica Beatman, Kiara Benson, Dominick Laddy, David M Brown, Rhianna Bronson, Jalen Baptiste, Suprabhath Gajjala, Zahra Rikhtegaran-Tehrani, Alison Benner, Mukundhan Ramaswami, Danny Lu, Nushin Alavi, Sonya Amirzehni, Michael Kubitz, Ryan Tingle, Erik Georgeson, Nicole Phelps, Yumiko Adachi, Alessia Liguori, Claudia Flynn, Katherine McKenney, Xiaoya Zhou, D Collins Owuor, Sharon Owuor, Soo-Young Kim, Michael Duff, Ju Yeong Kim, Grace Gibson, Sabyasachi Baboo, Jolene Diedrich, Torben Schiffner, Marisa Shields, Mabela Matsoso, Jennifer Santos, Kristen Syvertsen, Allison Kennedy, Melissa Schroeter, Johan Vekemans, John Yates, James C Paulson, Ollivier Hyrien, Adrian B McDermott, Pholo Maenetje, Julien Nyombayire, Etienne Karita, Rosine Ingabire, Vinodh Edward, Vincent Muturi-Kioi, Janine Maenza, Adrienne E Shapiro, M Juliana McElrath, Srilatha Edupuganti, Barbara S Taylor, David Diemert, Gabriel Ozorowski, Richard A Koup, David Montefiori, Andrew B Ward, Gunilla Karlsson Hedestam, Georgia Tomaras, Devin J Hunt, Daniel Muema, Devin Sok, Dagna S Laufer, Sarah F Andrews, Eunice W Nduati, William R Schief","doi":"10.1126/science.adr8382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adr8382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A leading HIV vaccine strategy requires a priming immunogen to induce broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) precursors, followed by a series of heterologous boosters to elicit somatic hypermutation (SHM) and produce bnAbs. In two randomized, open-label phase 1 human clinical trials, IAVI-G002 in the United States and IAVI-G003 in Rwanda and South Africa, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-encoded nanoparticles as priming immunogens (both trials) and first-boosting immunogens (IAVI-G002). The vaccines were generally safe and well tolerated, except 18% of IAVI-G002 participants experienced skin reactions. Priming induced bnAb precursors with substantial frequencies and SHM, and heterologous boosting elicited increased SHM, affinity, and neutralization activity toward bnAb development. The results establish clinical proof of concept that heterologous boosting can advance bnAb-precursor maturation and demonstrate bnAb priming in Africa where the HIV burden is highest.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":" ","pages":"eadr8382"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse bat organoids provide pathophysiological models for zoonotic viruses","authors":"Hyunjoon Kim,&nbsp;Seo-Young Heo,&nbsp;Young-Il Kim,&nbsp;Dongbin Park,&nbsp;Monford Paul Abishek N,&nbsp;Suhee Hwang,&nbsp;Yong-ki Lee,&nbsp;Hobin Jang,&nbsp;Jae-Woo Ahn,&nbsp;Jeongmin Ha,&nbsp;Sujin Park,&nbsp;Ho Young Ji,&nbsp;Semi Kim,&nbsp;Isaac Choi,&nbsp;Woohyun Kwon,&nbsp;Jaemoo Kim,&nbsp;Kanghee Kim,&nbsp;Juryeon Gil,&nbsp;Boyeong Jeong,&nbsp;Josea Carmel D. Lazarte,&nbsp;Rare Rollon,&nbsp;Jeong Ho Choi,&nbsp;Eun Ha Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Gyu Jang,&nbsp;Hye Kwon Kim,&nbsp;Bo-Young Jeon,&nbsp;Ghazi Kayali,&nbsp;Richard J. Webby,&nbsp;Bon-Kyoung Koo,&nbsp;Young Ki Choi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Bats are important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, but suitable model systems for comprehensively exploring host-pathogen interactions and assessing spillover risks remain limited. To address this gap, we developed a collection of bat organoid models spanning five species and four organ types. This multispecies, multiorgan organoid panel showed species- and tissue-specific replication patterns for several viruses, offering robust pathophysiological models for studying respiratory, renal, and enteric zoonotic viruses. Using this platform, we successfully isolated and characterized bat-borne mammalian orthoreoviruses and paramyxoviruses, demonstrating the utility of these organoid panels for virome surveillance. Furthermore, we successfully tested known antiviral drugs for their efficacy against bat virus isolates.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Norepinephrine signals through astrocytes to modulate synapses","authors":"Katheryn B. Lefton,&nbsp;Yifan Wu,&nbsp;Yanchao Dai,&nbsp;Takao Okuda,&nbsp;Yufen Zhang,&nbsp;Allen Yen,&nbsp;Gareth M. Rurak,&nbsp;Sarah Walsh,&nbsp;Rachel Manno,&nbsp;Bat-Erdene Myagmar,&nbsp;Joseph D. Dougherty,&nbsp;Vijay K. Samineni,&nbsp;Paul C. Simpson,&nbsp;Thomas Papouin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Locus ceruleus (LC)–derived norepinephrine (NE) drives network and behavioral adaptations to environmental saliencies by reconfiguring circuit functional connectivity, but the underlying synapse-level mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that NE remodeling of synaptic function is completely independent from its binding on neuronal receptors. Instead, astrocytic adrenergic receptors and calcium dynamics fully gate the effect of NE on synapses. Additionally, we found that NE suppression of synaptic strength results from an adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)–derived and A1 adenosine receptor–mediated control of presynaptic efficacy. These findings suggest that astrocytes are a core component of neuromodulatory systems and the circuit effector through which NE produces network and behavioral adaptations.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6748","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}