Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis最新文献

The Role of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Historical Review. 血小板在动脉粥样硬化中的作用：历史回顾

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795097

Stefania Momi, Paolo Gresele

{"title":"The Role of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Historical Review.","authors":"Stefania Momi, Paolo Gresele","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1795097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1795097","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of large and medium-size arteries, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although platelets in cardiovascular disease have mainly been studied for their crucial role in the thrombotic event triggered by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, over the last two decades it has become clear that platelets participate also in the development of atherosclerosis, owing to their ability to interact with the damaged arterial wall and with leukocytes. Platelets participate in all phases of atherogenesis, from the initial functional damage to endothelial cells to plaque unstabilization. Platelets deposit at atherosclerosis predilection sites before the appearance of manifest lesions to the endothelium and contribute to induce endothelial dysfunction, thus supporting leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall. In particular, platelets release matrix metalloproteinases, which interact with protease-activated receptor 1 on endothelial cells triggering adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, P-selectin and glycoprotein Ibα expressed on the surface of vessel wall-adhering platelets bind PSGL-1 and β2 integrins on leukocytes, favoring their arrest and transendothelial migration. Platelet-leukocyte interactions promote the formation of radical oxygen species which are strongly involved in the lipid peroxidation associated with atherosclerosis. Platelets themselves actively migrate through the endothelium toward the plaque core where they release chemokines that modify the microenvironment by modulating the function of other inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. While current antiplatelet agents seem unable to prevent the contribution of platelets to atherogenesis, the inhibition of platelet secretion, of the release of MMPs, and of some specific pathways of platelet adhesion to the vessel wall may represent promising future strategies for the prevention of atheroprogression.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Publisher's Note. 出版商说明。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795161

引用次数: 0

Acquired Hemophilia A after Tislelizumab Treatment in a Patient with Right Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. 右肺鳞状细胞癌患者接受替斯利珠单抗治疗后获得性血友病 A。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792106

Fengfei Liu, Ying Wang, Naiqi Pang, Juan Xie, Peizhang Li

引用次数: 0

Laboratory and Molecular Diagnosis of Factor XI Deficiency. 因子 XI 缺乏症的实验室和分子诊断。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792033

Simon Davidson, Keith Gomez

{"title":"Laboratory and Molecular Diagnosis of Factor XI Deficiency.","authors":"Simon Davidson, Keith Gomez","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1792033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1792033","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of factor XI (FXI) deficiency is 1 per 10 to 20,000 in the general population, much higher than that reported in most texts. The prevalence is higher in Ashkenazi Jews where it is about 1:20. Clinically, FXI deficiency presents as a mild bleeding disorder mostly associated with posttraumatic or postsurgical hemorrhages or unexplained minor bleeding. It is often discovered due to incidental finding of a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) on routine laboratory screening. FXI deficiency is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with many causative F11 gene defects. Diagnosis is based on FXI activity, antigen levels, and molecular diagnostics. As FXI levels do not correlate with bleeding symptoms, identification of pathogenic genetic variants may be a more accurate predictor of bleeding risk and therefore aid in the clinical management of the patient. Two variants in the F11 gene account for most cases found in the Jewish and Arab populations. Patients with FXI deficiency can develop inhibitors to FXI although spontaneously acquired inhibitors are extremely rare. We will discuss laboratory and molecular assays used to diagnose FXI deficiency as well as interferences that can complicate diagnosis including new anticoagulants and acquired FXI inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The History of Rare Bleeding Disorders. 罕见出血性疾病的历史。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792032

Akbar Dorgalaleh, Behnaz Tavasoli, Saeed Hassani, Narjes Ramezanzadeh, Kimia Fathalizade, Farzaneh Hashemi, Zahra Feily, Melika Khademi, Zhino Kohzadi, Roghayeh Gholizadeh Doran Mahalleh, Mohammad S Torkamandi, Mahya S Yassini

{"title":"The History of Rare Bleeding Disorders.","authors":"Akbar Dorgalaleh, Behnaz Tavasoli, Saeed Hassani, Narjes Ramezanzadeh, Kimia Fathalizade, Farzaneh Hashemi, Zahra Feily, Melika Khademi, Zhino Kohzadi, Roghayeh Gholizadeh Doran Mahalleh, Mohammad S Torkamandi, Mahya S Yassini","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1792032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1792032","url":null,"abstract":"Deficiencies in coagulation factors I (FI), FII, FV, combined FV and FVIII (CF5F8) and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII have been referred to as rare bleeding disorders (RBDs), rare coagulation factor deficiencies (RCFDs), or recessively inherited coagulation disorders. Fibrinogen was most likely the first member of this group to be identified, with reports of its discovery spanning from 1859 to 1966. If not, then the first coagulation factor to be identified was prothrombin in 1894, and the last coagulation factor to be found was FX in 1956, about 60 years later. The first patient to be diagnosed with an RBD was a 9-year-old boy with afibrinogenemia in 1920 and the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency was the most recent RBD in this group to be identified in a 3-month-old child in 1966. The initial therapeutic option for nearly all patients with RBDs was whole blood transfusion; this was replaced in 1941 by fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and then in later years by cryoprecipitate and coagulation factor concentrates. Fibrinogen concentrate was the first coagulation factor concentrate produced in 1956. Coagulation factor concentrate is now available for FI, FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII; however, FFP and/or platelet transfusion are the only treatments available for FV deficiency. The only recombinant concentrates available for RBDs are for FVII and FXIII, which date from 1988 and the 2000s, respectively. Even though the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of lesser-known bleeding disorders have improved significantly in recent decades, more studies are needed to reveal the hidden aspects of these disorders in order to overcome diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and ultimately improve the quality of life for those who are affected.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sticky Platelet Syndrome Revisited? 粘稠血小板综合征再现？

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792156

Emmanuel J Favaloro, Leonardo Pasalic, Bingwen Eugene Fan, Giuseppe Lippi

引用次数: 0

Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Characteristics of Inherited Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors Deficiency. 遗传性维生素 K 依赖性凝血因子缺乏症的临床、实验室和分子特征。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792031

Salvatore Perrone, Simona Raso, Mariasanta Napolitano

{"title":"Clinical, Laboratory, and Molecular Characteristics of Inherited Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors Deficiency.","authors":"Salvatore Perrone, Simona Raso, Mariasanta Napolitano","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1792031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1792031","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by impaired levels of multiple coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, and X) and natural anticoagulants (proteins C and S). VKCFD is part of familial multiple coagulation factor deficiencies, reporting overall 50 affected families thus far. Disease manifestations are quite heterogeneous, bleeding symptoms may vary, and even, although generally mild, some patients may succumb to fatal outcomes. VKCFD diagnosis may be delayed because the disease phenotype simulates the most frequently acquired deficiencies of vitamin K. First-line coagulation assays, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), are both prolonged; mixing test typically normalizes the clotting times; and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors will be variably decreased. Molecularly, VKCFD is associated with mutations in γ-glutamyl-carboxylase (GGCX) or vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) genes. Vitamin K is involved not only in the biosynthesis of coagulation proteins but also in bone metabolism and cell proliferation. Therapeutic options are based on vitamin K supplementation, coagulation factors (prothrombin complex), and fresh frozen plasma, in case of severe bleeding episodes. Two case studies here illustrate the diagnostic challenges of VKCFD: case 1 depicts a woman with a history of bleeding episodes, diagnosed, only in her third decade of life with inherited homozygous GGCX gene mutation. Case 2 shows a man with an acquired vitamin K deficiency caused by Crohn's disease. Better understanding of GGCX and VKORC1 mutations aids in prognosis and treatment planning, with emerging insights suggesting potential limitations in the effectiveness of vitamin K supplementation in certain mutations.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stress and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review of the Literature. 压力与妊娠结果：文献综述。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792002

Shayna Miodownik, Eyal Sheiner

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Diagnostic Algorithms for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia using Two Combined Automated Rapid Immunoassays. 使用两种组合式自动快速免疫测定评估肝素诱发血小板减少症的诊断算法。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786749

Anna-Lise Bissola, Yi Zhang, Madison Cranstone, Jane C Moore, Theodore E Warkentin, Donald M Arnold, Ishac Nazy

{"title":"Evaluating Diagnostic Algorithms for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia using Two Combined Automated Rapid Immunoassays.","authors":"Anna-Lise Bissola, Yi Zhang, Madison Cranstone, Jane C Moore, Theodore E Warkentin, Donald M Arnold, Ishac Nazy","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786749","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1786749","url":null,"abstract":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin complexes. Rapid immunoassays (IAs) for detection of these antibodies mark a milestone in HIT diagnosis, despite a higher false-positive rate compared with functional platelet-activation assays. However, combining different rapid IAs may help to improve their diagnostic specificity. Here, we compared the individual performance of the latex immunoturbidimetric assay (LIA; HemosIL HIT-Ab [PF4-H]; sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 68.4%) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA; HemosIL AcuStarHIT-Ab [PF4-H]; sensitivity 92.4%, specificity 85.8%) with their combined performance using two unique diagnostic algorithms in a single prospective cohort of suspected HIT patients. Using the simultaneous algorithm adapted from Warkentin et al, the combined LIA-CLIA had a sensitivity of 99.0% and specificity of 64.3%. The sequential algorithm adapted from Rittener-Ruff et al was applied in two theoretical scenarios to reflect real-world circumstances in diagnostic laboratories where access to clinical information is limited: (1) assuming all patients had an intermediate 4Ts score and (2) assuming all patients had a high 4Ts score. This algorithm correctly predicted HIT in 94.5% (high 4Ts) and 96.0% (intermediate 4Ts) and excluded HIT in 82.6% (high 4Ts) and 80.1% (intermediate 4Ts) of patients in either scenario, respectively. Although both combined algorithms improved diagnostic performance of individual IAs, the simultaneous algorithm showed fewer false predictions (7.9%) than the sequential algorithm (intermediate 4Ts: 37.6% and high 4Ts: 41.5%) and proved more practical as it does not rely on physician evaluations. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for clinician and interlaboratory variability when evaluating diagnostic tests for HIT.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":"1123-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pearls and Pitfalls in the Measurement of Direct Oral Anticoagulants. 直接口服抗凝血剂的测量要点和误区。

IF 3.6 2区医学

Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782196

Giuseppe Lippi, Emmanuel J Favaloro

{"title":"Pearls and Pitfalls in the Measurement of Direct Oral Anticoagulants.","authors":"Giuseppe Lippi, Emmanuel J Favaloro","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782196","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1782196","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their widespread use, testing for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has become urgent in certain clinical situations. Screening based on widely available, rapid, and simple hemostasis assays such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or even diluted Russel Viper venom time may provide sufficient evidence of \"over-coagulation\" and could be used \"in small/peripheral/spoke laboratories\" as an emergency strategy, but is not thought to be reliable for driving clinical decision making. Given their good correlation with plasma concentration, urine dipsticks may be considered a valuable alternative for emergency screening, although their performance is dependent on renal function, may vary depending on the time since the last urination, and there may be problems of interfacing with the laboratory/hospital information system. Separation methods based on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry may be clinically questionable, since they measure the concentration rather than the actual inhibitory effect of DOACs, are relatively expensive, cumbersome and time consuming, and therefore seem unsuitable for most conditions requiring urgent clinical decision making. A proposed approach therefore involves establishing a network of routine clinical laboratories, designating a reference center where DOAC tests could be available 24/7, establishing a clear diagnostic care pathway for ordering the tests from the laboratory and standard operating procedures for performing them, the use of the diluted thrombin time for dabigatran and anti-FXa assays (drug-calibrated) for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, as well as providing expert advice throughout the testing process, from ordering to interpretation of results.","PeriodicalId":21673,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis","volume":" ","pages":"1114-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140065853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0