Smart Materials and Structures最新文献_第3页

Enhanced vibration energy harvesting from coupled pendulums through inertial amplifiers 通过惯性放大器加强耦合摆的振动能量采集

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad77ff

R S Kattimani, P V Malaji, S S Chappar and S Adhikari

引用次数: 0

Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing 4D 印刷中温度驱动螺旋结构的变形编程

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801

Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu

{"title":"Programming the deformation of the temperature driven spiral structure in 4D printing","authors":"Liulan Lin, Jiajie Yan and Shaolong Qiu","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad7801","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving shape programming of 4D printed actuators by varying the manufacturing process parameters. In this study, the effect of different path combinations on structural deformation was investigated. By altering the driving layer, passive layer, and grid angle, the spiral deformation direction of the double-layer structure was precisely controlled. Additionally, a finite element analysis model was established to predict the deformation behavior of PLA-based spiral structures. Furthermore, the influence of printing speed, nozzle temperature, line width, layer height, and plate temperature on the spiral curvature of the structure was examined. The results show that increasing printing speed and plate temperature can improve the spiral behavior of the structure, whereas increasing line width, layer height, and nozzle temperature have opposite effects. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the five printing parameters to predict their influence on the spiral curvature of the structure, and a predictive model for the spiral deformation was developed. The structure was partitioned for design purposes, aiming to achieve diverse deformations of the actuator under the same geometric configuration. A loop-shaped actuator was designed to capture objects. The results showed that the path combination determined the spiral direction of the actuator, while the forming parameters effectively controlled the spiral curvature of the actuator.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic stability and response of morphing wing structure with time-varying stiffness 具有时变刚度的变形机翼结构的动态稳定性和响应

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a

Manoj Prabhakar and Senthil Murugan

{"title":"Dynamic stability and response of morphing wing structure with time-varying stiffness","authors":"Manoj Prabhakar and Senthil Murugan","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad765a","url":null,"abstract":"Morphing, adaptable or smart structures are being used in mechanical and aerospace applications in recent years. These structures often have the property of time-varying stiffness or inertial properties, which can cause parametric instability issues that are not well understood. This paper examines the dynamic stability and response of a morphing aircraft wing with periodically time-varying structural stiffness. The wing is modeled as a beam with coupled bending-torsion motion, and parametrically excited stiffness. Aerodynamic loads introduce aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness to the wing structure. The dynamic and aeroelastic equation of motion resembles a coupled, damped Mathieu-type equation but differs with asymmetric damping and stiffness matrices, and symmetric inertial matrix. Further, these equations are functions of airspeed, magnitude and frequency of parametric excitation. Initially, dynamic stability of the wing is analyzed using Floquet theory, and the instability regions are numerically quantified by stability charts. Subsequently, dynamic responses in the stable and unstable regions are investigated with a Floquet-based Harmonic balance method. The findings reveal that, at zero airspeed, the combination instabilities are eliminated by varying the bending and torsional stiffness with equal magnitudes and frequency. However, as airspeed increases, instability regions shift unevenly, leading to the emergence of new instabilities. Furthermore, the response analysis within stable regions uncovers several unfavorable zones for operating the variable stiffness, where response decay is slower. The results clearly show that parametric excitation can cause unusual phenomena that significantly impact the operation of morphing wings with variable stiffness, which needs to be thoroughly investigated for successful implementation.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles 纺织品预拉伸和印花几何形状对聚乳酸-莱卡 4D 纺织品曲率的影响

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800

Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti

{"title":"Effect of textile pre-stretch and printed geometry on the curvature of PLA-Lycra 4D textiles","authors":"Stefano Pandini, Chiara Pasini, Davide Battini, Andrea Avanzini, Antonio Fiorentino, Ileana Bodini and Simone Pasinetti","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad7800","url":null,"abstract":"4D textiles are a specific class of 4D printed materials obtained by printing flat patterns on elastically pre-tensioned textiles and being able to switch from planar systems to complex 3D objects after the textile pre-stretch is released. The mechanical balance between textile recovering strain and printed structure stiffness determines the final shape. This study is carried out by coupling pre-stretched Lycra to PLA and explores ways to control 4D textile shape transformations by varying pre-stretch (10% ÷ 60%), printed structure geometry (bar-shaped and star-shaped elements; star-shaped patterns), printed element thickness (0.3 ÷ 3 mm) and mutual distance (2 ÷ 15 mm). By adjusting these parameters, a wide set of out-of-plane curvatures are obtained, ranging from flat, to dome-like and highly curved, wrapped or coiled shapes. Digital optical methods, including digital image analysis, 3D scanning, and digital image correlation, are used to evaluate the complexity of the final shape and strain state evolution during shape transformation. The geometry variation is measured in terms of height increase (maximum 45 mm for a star-shaped system, 30 mm for a multiple star pattern) and of area decrease (maximum 80% for a star-shaped system, 60% for a multiple star pattern). While most shape transformations occur immediately after printing (‘direct 4D printing’), further shape evolutions may be triggered by heating above the PLA glass transition, allowing for the creation of dynamic structures whose shape changes upon external stimuli. The adhesion between the 3D printed element and the stretched textile is also examined, with a focus on determining the role of interfacial strength and the conditions that could enhance it. This study provides an overview of the primary design variables and valuable maps of their impacts on shape transformations in this broad scenario of influencing parameters.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural health monitoring for 3D-printed civil infrastructures: a review of challenges, applications and future directions 三维打印民用基础设施的结构健康监测：挑战、应用和未来方向综述

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f

Lukesh Parida and Sumedha Moharana

{"title":"Structural health monitoring for 3D-printed civil infrastructures: a review of challenges, applications and future directions","authors":"Lukesh Parida and Sumedha Moharana","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad754f","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of 3D printed constructions into civil projects has created new opportunities for economically efficient construction. However, preserving the long-term structural integrity of 3D-printed structures poses considerable challenges. This study covers the importance of structural health monitoring (SHM) and deployment of sensors for condition monitoring of 3D-printed civil infrastructure. It explores a wide range of sensors that might be used for continual evaluation and assessment of structural efficiency and the challenges related to SHM in these components. The report provides cost benefit analysis and case studies describing effective sensor installations in 3D-printed structures, demonstrating the ability of the technology to enhance the safety and integrity of infrastructure systems. It also identifies potential challenges and issues that must be resolved before sensor-based SHM can be successfully used in 3D-printed civil structures. The research emphasizes the potential of maintenance planning and decision support systems for optimizing maintenance schedules, reducing downtime, and increasing cost-effectiveness. This research is critical for academics, engineers, and professionals using sensors for 3D-printed structural systems.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multifunctional 1D/2D silver nanowires/MXene-based fabric strain sensors for emergency rescue 用于紧急救援的基于 1D/2D 银纳米线/MXene 的多功能织物应变传感器

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad765b

Jiayu Xie, Ying Zhang, Huajun Wang, Qingqing Liu, Jingqiang He and Ronghui Guo

{"title":"Multifunctional 1D/2D silver nanowires/MXene-based fabric strain sensors for emergency rescue","authors":"Jiayu Xie, Ying Zhang, Huajun Wang, Qingqing Liu, Jingqiang He and Ronghui Guo","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad765b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad765b","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the vital signs of the injured in accidents is crucial in emergency rescue process. Fabric-based sensing devices show a vast range of potential applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, human motion and thermal management due to their wearable flexibility and high sensitivity. Nevertheless, flexible electronic devices for both precise monitoring of health under low strain and motion under large strain are still a challenge in extremely harsh environment. Therefore, development of sensors with both high sensitivity and wide strain range remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a wearable flexible strain sensor with a one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) composite conductive network was developed for healthcare and motion monitoring and thermal management by coating 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene composite films on nylon/spandex blended knitted fabric (MANS). The MANS strain sensor can simultaneously achieve high sensitivity (gauge factor for up to 267), a wide range of detection (1%–115%), excellent repeatability and cycling stability (1000 cycles). The sensor can be utilized for human health monitoring including heartbeat, pulse detection, breathing and various human motion. Moreover, the MANS sensor also has the electrical heating properties and voltage control temperature between 20 °C–110 °C can achieved at low voltage. In addition, the MANS shows hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 137.1°. The MXene/AgNWs composite conductive layer with high sensitivity under low and large strains, electrical thermal conversion, and hydrophobicity has great potential for precisely monitoring health and motion of the injured in emergency rescue in harsh environment.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An enhanced electromagnetic energy harvester based on dual ratchet structure with secondary energy recovery 基于二次能量回收的双棘轮结构增强型电磁能量收集器

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad7711

Xing Liang, Ge Shi, Yinshui Xia, Shengyao Jia, Yanwei Sun, Xiangzhan Hu, Mingzhu Yuan and Huakang Xia

{"title":"An enhanced electromagnetic energy harvester based on dual ratchet structure with secondary energy recovery","authors":"Xing Liang, Ge Shi, Yinshui Xia, Shengyao Jia, Yanwei Sun, Xiangzhan Hu, Mingzhu Yuan and Huakang Xia","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad7711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad7711","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous advancement of ultra-low-power electronic devices, capturing energy from the surrounding environment to power these smart devices has emerged as a new direction. However, most of the mechanical energy available for harvesting in the environment exhibits ultra-low frequencies. Therefore, the feasibility of self-powering low-power devices largely depends on the effective utilization of this ultra-low-frequency mechanical energy. Consequently, this work proposes an enhanced electromagnetic energy harvester based on a dual ratchet structure with secondary energy recovery. It converts ultra-low frequency vibrations into fast rotational movements by means of a rack and pinion mechanism, thus achieving high power output while maintaining a simple structure. Experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed harvester exhibits excellent power output under ultra-low-frequency external excitation. Under external excitation with a frequency of 1.5 Hz and an amplitude of 22 mm, with the optimal load matched at 20 Ω, the maximum power output reaches 598 mW, with a power density of 1572.65 μW cm−3. The secondary energy recovery power accounts for 34.4%, resulting in a 52.56% enhancement in the energy harvester’s output performance. Additionally, hand-cranking tests indicate that the fabricated prototype of the electromagnetic energy harvester can power some common electronic devices, including smartphones, showcasing significant application potential.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on a frequency-increasing piezoelectric wave energy harvester based on gear mechanism and magnetic rotor 基于齿轮机构和磁性转子的增频压电波能量收集器研究

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad765c

Renwen Liu, Bowen Yang, Wei Fan, Zheming Liu, Chensheng Wang and Lipeng He

{"title":"Research on a frequency-increasing piezoelectric wave energy harvester based on gear mechanism and magnetic rotor","authors":"Renwen Liu, Bowen Yang, Wei Fan, Zheming Liu, Chensheng Wang and Lipeng He","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad765c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad765c","url":null,"abstract":"Wave energy is a widespread clean energy source, but harvesting low-frequency wave energy efficiently remains a challenge. In this paper, a frequency-increasing piezoelectric wave energy harvester (FPWEH) based on gear mechanism and magnetic rotor is proposed. The gear mechanism transforms the vertical motion of the wave into the higher-frequency rotational motion of the magnetic rotor. The magnetic rotor is equipped with several rotating magnets and one revolution of the magnetic rotor enables multiple excitations of the piezoelectric cantilevers. Therefore, the wave excitation frequency is increased, so that the FPWEH can obtain better output performance. The major factors influencing output performance are determined through theoretical and simulation analysis, and a test system to simulate the wave environment is established. According to experimental findings, the FPWEH can generate an output voltage of 69.82 V and a maximum power of 28.33 mW when the external resistance is 20 kΩ. It can also successfully power thermohygrometer and light-emitting diodes. These results validate the feasibility of the FPWEH for providing electricity to electronics with low power requirements. This research also offers a novel approach to harvesting low-frequency wave energy.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soft modular pipe robot inspired by earthworm for adaptive pipeline internal structure 受蚯蚓启发的软模块化管道机器人，用于自适应管道内部结构

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad74c3

Jing Jiang, Feng Zhang and Lei Wang

{"title":"Soft modular pipe robot inspired by earthworm for adaptive pipeline internal structure","authors":"Jing Jiang, Feng Zhang and Lei Wang","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad74c3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad74c3","url":null,"abstract":"The inspection, maintenance, and repair of complex pipelines have motivated the development of soft robots with highly flexible and good adaptability. In this study, inspired by the unique locomotion of earthworms, we developed a type of smart material–driven soft modular pipe robot capable of stable manipulation and performing in unstructured pipe environments, which easily assembles into more complex configurations with multiple modules for practical use. Our prototype robot consists of three soft telescopic modules connected in series with flexible bellows and a tail friction mechanism, where the modules adopt a high-energy density shape memory alloy spring as an actuator. Based on analyzing the peristaltic process of the module inside the pipe, it is ensured that the geometric constraint performance of the braided mesh pipe is reasonably matched with the thermomechanical performance of the SMA spring to realize the alternating conversion of anchoring and releasing. By optimizing the overall robotic structure, it is demonstrated that our robot achieves robust crawling in horizontal, vertical, variable-diameter, and curved pipes, wet pipes with the partial presence of water, and pipes with complex cavities through simple open-loop on/off control.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-objective topology optimization of macro structure and microtubule network structure for self-healing material 自愈材料宏观结构和微管网络结构的多目标拓扑优化

IF 4.1 3区材料科学

Smart Materials and Structures Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad72c0

Jianbin Tan, Peng Li, Wentao Cheng, Changyou Zhang, Baijia Fan, Shenbiao Wang, Jinqing Zhan

{"title":"Multi-objective topology optimization of macro structure and microtubule network structure for self-healing material","authors":"Jianbin Tan, Peng Li, Wentao Cheng, Changyou Zhang, Baijia Fan, Shenbiao Wang, Jinqing Zhan","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/ad72c0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ad72c0","url":null,"abstract":"Self-healing materials possess the capability to promptly repair minor damages occurring during service, thereby effectively preventing safety accidents. This paper investigates a multi-objective topology optimization method for the macro structure and microtubule network of self-healing materials around pure epoxy resin materials, aiming to enhance the damage healing capability of the microtubule network while meeting the mechanical performance requirements of the macro structure. By introducing the design variables of macro structure and microtubule network, the corresponding topological description functions are established respectively. And study applies logical operations and post-processing techniques to generate an embedded microtubule network structure description. The objective functions include the flexibility of the macro structure, the along-travel head loss, and the total length of the microtubule network, with material volume serving as a constraint. In order to determine the head loss of the three-dimensional microtubule network structure, a Hardy-Cross method based on flow initialization and loop search is proposed. Multi-objective topology optimization is designed based on moving morphable components algorithm, enumeration method and Pareto principle. Develop iterative termination conditions by assessing the disparity between Pareto solution sets in each generation, thereby ensuring algorithm convergence. The numerical example of the Messerschmitt–Bölkow–Blohm (MBB) beamyields a flexibility of 0.059 without a carrier and 0.0728 with a carrier the macrostructural flexibility without a carrier is 81.0% compared to with a carrier, and the macrostructural profiles and the overall flexibility of the MBB beams with/without a carrier are close to each other. This method serves as a reference for optimizing large-scale self-healing structures.","PeriodicalId":21656,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials and Structures","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0