Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"FAPI-PET in Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PET probes targeting fibroblasts are frequently used for varying applications in oncology. In recent years, the clinical spectrum has been expanded towards cardiovascular medicine, e.g., after myocardial infarction, in aortic stenosis or as a non-invasive read-out of atherosclerosis. We herein provide a brief overview of the current status of this PET radiotracer in the context of cardiovascular disease, including translational and clinical evidence. In addition, we will also briefly discuss future applications, e.g., the use of fibroblast-targeting PET to investigate bilateral organ function along the cardiorenal axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 747-752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000230/pdfft?md5=4e367775457ce5306b081416092a8826&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Cardiac Fibrosis: How Far Have We Moved From Extracellular to Cellular?","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial fibrosis plays an important role in adverse outcomes such as heart failure and arrhythmias. As the pathological response and degree of scarring, and therefore clinical presentation varies from patient to patient, early detection of fibrosis is crucial for identifying the appropriate treatment approach and forecasting the progression of a disease along with the likelihood of disease-related mortality. Current imaging modalities provides information about either decreased function or extracellular signs of fibrosis. Targeting activated fibroblasts represents a burgeoning approach that could offer insights prior to observable functional alterations, presenting a promising focus for potential anti-fibrotic therapeutic interventions at cellular level. In this article, we provide an overview of imaging cardiac fibrosis and discuss the role of different advanced imaging modalities with the focus on novel non-invasive imaging of activated fibroblasts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 686-700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000254/pdfft?md5=92974562e853aa97a41f42b258171457&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140140647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: An Update and Future Aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cardiac sarcoidosis<span> (CS), an increasingly recognized disease of unknown etiology, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given the limited diagnostic yield of traditional endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), there is increasing reliance on multimodality cardiovascular imaging in the diagnosis and management of CS, with EMB being largely supplanted by the use of </span></span>¹⁸<span>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of imaging modalities currently utilized in the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of CS, while highlighting the latest developments in each area.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 701-716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140120567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases","authors":"Petra Petranović Ovčariček MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rainer Görges MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Luca Giovanella MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autoimmune thyroid diseases<span><span><span><span> (AITDs) include a wide spectrum of thyroid diseases affecting more commonly women than men. The most frequent forms are Graves’ Disease (GD) and </span>Hashimoto's thyroiditis / Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT), but there are also other immunogenic destructive forms of thyroiditis, that is, silent and </span>postpartum thyroiditis<span>. In the last decade, AITDs and other inflammatory thyroid diseases related to anti-tumor molecular drugs are more frequently seen due to the widespread use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and </span></span>immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). Autoimmune thyroiditis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been a novel entity in recent years.</span></p><p><span><span>Graves’ Disease and AIT may shift from hyperthyroidism<span> to hypothyroidism, which may complicate the differential diagnosis and further treatment<span> strategy. Moreover, all AITDs may manifest with thyrotoxicosis (a clinical condition marked with high serum levels of thyroid hormones) which has to be distinguished from hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid </span></span></span>hormone production<span><span> and secretion as a result of hyperfunctioning thyroid gland) due to different therapeutic approaches. Nuclear medicine techniques, such as </span>radioiodine<span> uptake (RAIU) and thyroid scintigraphy, using </span></span></span>^99m<span>Tc- pertechnetate (Na[</span>^99mTc]TcO₄) or 123-Iodine (Na[¹²³<span><span>I]I), have a crucial role in the differential diagnosis. Measurement of thyroid antibodies, e.g. </span>thyroid peroxidase antibodies<span> (TPO) and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), as well as thyroid ultrasound, are complementary methods in the evaluation of thyroid disorders.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 219-236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Imaging in Musculoskeletal Disorders in Menopause","authors":"Luca Filippi MD ,&nbsp;Riccardo Camedda MD ,&nbsp;Viviana Frantellizzi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Urbano MD ,&nbsp;Giuseppe De Vincentis MD ,&nbsp;Orazio Schillaci MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Menopause-related musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders include osteoporosis, </span>osteoarthritis (OA), </span>sarcopenia<span> and sarco-obesity. This review focuses on the applications of nuclear medicine<span> for the functional imaging of the aforementioned clinical conditions. Bone Scan (BS) with </span></span></span>^99m<span><span>Tc-labeled phosphonates, alone or in combination with MRI, can identify “fresh” vertebral collapse due to age-associated osteoporosis and provides quantitative parameters characterized by a good correlation with radiological indices </span>in patients with OA. </span>¹⁸<span><span>F-NaF PET<span><span>, particularly when performed by dynamic scan, has given encouraging results for measuring bone turnover in osteoporosis and allows the evaluation of subchondral bone metabolic activity in OA. </span>FDG<span><span> PET can help discriminate between pathological and nonpathological vertebral fractures, especially by applying appropriate SUV-based thresholds. In OA, it can effectively image inflamed joints and support appropriate clinical management. Preliminary evidences suggest a possible application of FDG in sarco-obesity for the detection and quantification of visceral </span>adipose tissue<span> (VAT). Further studies are needed to better define the role of nuclear medicine in menopause-related MSK disease, especially as regards the possible impact of new radiopharmaceuticals (ie, </span></span></span></span>FAPI and RGD peptides) and recent technological advances (eg, total-body PET/CT scanners).</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 206-218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71426572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter From the Guest Editors","authors":"Laura Evangelista MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ora Israel MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 181-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Health Update: Growing Role of PET for Patients with Breast Cancer","authors":"Gary A. Ulaner MD ,&nbsp;Sofia Carrilho Vaz MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been growing in usage for patients with breast cancer, due to an increased number of FDA-approved PET radiotracers pertinent to patients with breast cancer as well as increased prospective evidence for the value of these agents. The leading PET radiotracer for patients with breast cancer is 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. There is prospective evidence for the use of 18F-FDG PET in systemic staging of newly diagnosed locally advanced breast cancer (stages IIB-IIIC), monitoring breast cancer treatment response, and detecting breast cancer recurrence, particularly in no special type (NST) breast cancer. 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-Fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) is a radiolabeled estrogen which evaluates estrogen receptor (ER) accessible for estrogen binding. There is prospective evidence supporting 18F-FES PET as a predictive biomarker for selecting patients with metastatic breast cancer for endocrine therapies. 18F-FES PET has also been shown to be valuable in the evaluation of ER status of lesions which are difficult to biopsy, for evaluation of ER status in lesions that are equivocal on other imaging modalities, and for selecting optimal dosage of novel ER-targeted systemic therapies in early clinical trials. Multiple investigators have suggested 18F-FES PET will have an increasing role for patients with invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC), which is less optimally evaluated by 18F-FDG PET. Sodium 18F-Fluoride (18F-NaF) evaluates bone turnover and has been effective in evaluation of malignancies which commonly metastasize to bone. In patients with metastatic breast cancer, 18F-NaF PET/CT has demonstrated superior sensitivity for osseous metastases than 99mTc-MDP or CT. In addition to these three FDA-approved PET radiotracers, there are multiple novel radiotracers currently in clinical trials with potential to further increase PET usage for patients with breast cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Imaging in Women","authors":"Samia Massalha MD ,&nbsp;John Kennedy PhD ,&nbsp;Essam Hussein MD ,&nbsp;Besma Mahida MD ,&nbsp;Zohar Keidar MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is a cornerstone diagnostic tool in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of cardiovascular diseases, whether those involving the coronary tree, myocardial, or pericardial diseases in general and particularly in women. This manuscript aims to shed some light and summarize the very features of cardiovascular disease in women, explore their unique characteristics and discuss the role of cardiovascular imaging in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies. The role of four imaging modalities will be discussed including nuclear medicine, echocardiography, noninvasive coronary angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139940755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as a theranostic target in breast cancer: a systematic scoping review","authors":"Christina Baun MSc ,&nbsp;Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Malene Grubbe Hildebrandt MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Oke Gerke MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Helge Thisgaard MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, making it a promising target for both imaging and therapy within a theranostic framework. Various radioligands targeting GRPR have undergone investigation in preclinical and clinical studies related to breast cancer. This systematic scoping review aimed to assess the current evidence on GRPR-targeted radioligands for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in breast cancer. The methodology followed the PRISMA-ScR protocol. The literature search was conducted in September 2023 and encompassed MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. We included original peer-reviewed studies focused on breast cancer patients or <em>in vivo</em> breast cancer models. Two reviewers performed the study selection process independently. Data were extracted, synthesized, and categorized into preclinical and clinical studies, further subdivided based on radioligand properties. A total of 35 original studies were included in the review, with three of them evaluating therapeutic outcomes. The results indicated that GRPR-radioantagonists are superior to GRPR-agonists, exhibiting preferable <em>in vivo</em> stability, rapid, specific tumor targeting, and enhanced retention. Both preclinical and clinical evaluations demonstrated renal excretion and high uptake in normal GRPR-expressing tissue, primarily the pancreas. A significant positive correlation was observed between GRPR and estrogen-receptor expression. In the clinical setting, GRPR-radioligands effectively detected primary tumors and, to a lesser extent, lymph node metastases. Moreover, GRPR-targeted radioantagonists successfully identified distant metastases originating from various sites in advanced metastatic disease, strongly correlated with positive estrogen receptor expression. Preclinical therapeutic evaluation of GRPR-radioligands labeled with lutetium-177 showed promising tumor responses, and none of the studies reported any observed or measured side effects, indicating a safe profile. In conclusion, the evidence presented in this review indicates a preference for GRPR-targeted antagonists over agonists, owing to their superior kinetics and promising diagnostic potential. Clinical assessments suggested diagnostic value for GRPR-targeted theranostics in breast cancer patients, particularly those with high estrogen receptor expression. Nevertheless, in the therapeutic clinical context, paying attention to the radiation dose administered to the pancreas and kidneys is crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Pages 256-269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000047/pdfft?md5=0af1f4cb42f58e96da761212202524d5&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter From the Editors","authors":"M. Michael Sathekge MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 2","pages":"Page 183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139741948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}