Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"Kirsten Bouchelouche MD, DMSc, M Michael Sathekge MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 311-312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the Art Imaging of Osteoporosis","authors":"Michelle Chen BA ,&nbsp;Maria Gerges BS ,&nbsp;William Y. Raynor MD ,&nbsp;Peter Sang Uk Park BA ,&nbsp;Edward Nguyen MD ,&nbsp;David H. Chan MD ,&nbsp;Ali Gholamrezanezhad MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Osteoporosis is a common disease, particularly prevalent in </span>geriatric<span> populations, which causes significant worldwide morbidity due to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Currently, the gold-standard modality for diagnosis and evaluation of osteoporosis progression and treatment relies on dual-energy x-ray </span></span>absorptiometry<span> (DXA), which measures bone mineral density (BMD) and calculates a score based upon standard deviation of measured BMD from the mean. However, other imaging modalities can also be used to evaluate osteoporosis. Here, we review historical as well as current research into development of new imaging modalities that can provide more nuanced or opportunistic analyses of bone quality, turnover, and density that can be helpful in triaging severity and determining treatment success in osteoporosis. We discuss the use of opportunistic computed tomography (CT) scans, as well as the use of quantitative CT<span><span> to help determine fracture risk and perform more detailed bone quality analysis than would be allowed by DXA . Within magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), new developments include the use of advanced MRI techniques such as </span>quantitative susceptibility mapping<span><span> (QSM), magnetic resonance spectroscopy<span>, and chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI (CSE-MRI) to enable clinicians improved assessment of nonmineralized bone compartments as well as a way to longitudinally assess bone quality without the repeated exposure to </span></span>ionizing radiation<span>. Within ultrasound, development of quantitative ultrasound shows promise particularly in future low-cost, broadly available screening tools. We focus primarily on historical and recent developments within radiotracer use as applicable to osteoporosis, particularly in the use of hybrid methods such as NaF-PET/CT, wherein patients with osteoporosis show reduced uptake of radiotracers such as NaF. Use of radiotracers may provide clinicians with even earlier detection windows for osteoporosis than would traditional biomarkers. Given the metabolic nature of this disease, current investigation into the role </span></span></span></span></span>molecular imaging<span> can play in the prediction of this disease as well as in replacing invasive diagnostic procedures shows particular promise.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138567109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Imaging in Soft-tissue Sarcoma: Evolving Role of FDG PET","authors":"Kip E. Guja MD PhD ,&nbsp;Kristen N. Ganjoo MD ,&nbsp;Andrei Iagaru MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare and heterogenous group of tumors that account for 2% of all cancer-related deaths. Molecular imaging with FDG PET can offer valuable metabolic information to help inform clinical management of soft tissue sarcomas that is unique and complementary to conventional diagnostic imaging techniques. FDG PET imaging often correlates with tumor grade, can help guide biopsy, and frequently detects additional sites of disease compared to conventional imaging in patients being considered for definitive or salvage therapy. Traditional size-based evaluation of treatment response is often inadequate in soft tissue sarcoma and changes in metabolic activity can add significant value to interim and end of treatment imaging for high-grade sarcomas. FDG PET can be used for detection of recurrence or malignant transformation and thus play a vital role in surveillance. This article reviews the evolving role of FDG PET in initial diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and restaging. Further studies on the use of FDG PET in soft sarcoma are needed, particularly for rare histopathologic subtypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 332-339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Nuclear Imaging in Cardiac Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia","authors":"Connor Haberl MASc, BASc ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Crean MD, MRCP, FRCR, MPH ,&nbsp;Jason G.E. Zelt MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Calum J. Redpath MD, MBChB, PhD ,&nbsp;Robert A. deKemp PhD, MASNC","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening arrhythmia common in patients with structural heart disease or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Many VTs originate from regions of fibrotic scar tissue, where delayed electrical signals exit scar and re-enter viable myocardium. Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a completely noninvasive alternative to catheter ablation for the treatment of recurrent or refractory ventricular tachycardia. While there is no common consensus on the ideal imaging workflow, therapy planning for cardiac SBRT often combines information from a plurality of imaging modalities including MRI, CT, electroanatomic mapping and nuclear imaging. MRI and CT provide detailed anatomic information, and late enhancement contrast imaging can indicate regions of fibrosis. Electroanatomic maps indicate regions of heterogenous conduction voltage or early activation which are indicative of arrhythmogenic tissue. Some early clinical adopters performing cardiac SBRT report the use of myocardial perfusion and viability nuclear imaging to identify regions of scar. Nuclear imaging of hibernating myocardium, inflammation and sympathetic innervation have been studied for ventricular arrhythmia prognosis and in research relating to catheter ablation of VT but have yet to be studied in their potential applications for cardiac SBRT. The integration of information from these many imaging modalities to identify a target for ablation can be challenging. Multimodality image registration and dedicated therapy planning tools may enable higher target accuracy, accelerate therapy planning workflows and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias, and localizing the arrhythmogenic tissues, is vital for successful ablation with cardiac SBRT. Nuclear imaging provides an arsenal of imaging strategies to identify regional scar, hibernation, inflammation, and sympathetic denervation with some advantages over alternative imaging strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 427-437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000278/pdfft?md5=751613342d04cddcc6e0e8956dd752fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000278-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET/CT in Inflammatory and Auto-immune Disorders: Focus on Several Key Molecular Concepts, FDG, and Radiolabeled Probe Perspectives","authors":"Florent L Besson MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Gaetane Nocturne MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Nicolas Noël MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Olivier Gheysens MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Riemer H.J.A. Slart MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Chronic immune diseases mainly include autoimmune and </span>inflammatory diseases. Managing chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has become a significant </span>public health<span> concern, and therapeutic advancements over the past 50 years have been substantial. As therapeutic tools continue to multiply, the challenge now lies in providing each patient with personalized care tailored to the specifics of their condition, ushering in the era of personalized medicine. Precise and holistic imaging is essential in this context to comprehensively map the inflammatory processes in each patient, identify prognostic factors, and monitor treatment responses and complications. Imaging of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases must provide a comprehensive view of the body, enabling the whole-body mapping of systemic involvement. It should identify key cellular players in the pathology, involving both innate immunity (dendritic cells, macrophages), adaptive immunity (lymphocytes), and microenvironmental cells (stromal cells, tissue cells). As a highly sensitive imaging tool with vectorized molecular probe capabilities, PET/CT can be of high relevance in the management of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Relying on key molecular concepts of immunity, the clinical usefulness of FDG-PET/CT in several relevant inflammatory and immune-inflammatory conditions, validated or emerging, will be discussed in this review, together with radiolabeled probe perspectives.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 379-393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Imaging with PET-CT and PET-MRI in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Diseases","authors":"Kip E. Guja MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Gerald Behr MD ,&nbsp;Akshay Bedmutha MD ,&nbsp;Marlena Kuhn BS ,&nbsp;Helen R. Nadel MD ,&nbsp;Neeta Pandit-Taskar MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular imaging has emerged as an integral part of oncologic imaging. Given the physiologic changes that precede anatomic changes, molecular imaging can enable early detection of disease and monitoring of response. [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron emission tomography (PET) is the predominant molecular imaging modality used in oncologic assessment and can be performed using PET/CT or PET/MR. In pediatric patients, PET/MRI imaging is generally preferred due to low radiation exposure and PET/MRI is particularly advantageous for imaging musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases, as MRI provides superior characterization of tissue changes as compared to CT. In this article, we provide an overview of the typical role of PET CT/MRI in assessment of some common pediatric malignancies and benign MSK diseases with case examples. We also discuss the relative advantages of PET/MRI compared to PET/CT, and review published data with a primary focus on the use of PET/MR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 438-455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Perform FAPI PET? An Expedited Systematic Review Providing a Recommendation for FAPI PET Imaging With Different FAPI Tracers","authors":"Morten Bentestuen MD ,&nbsp;Surenth Nalliah MD ,&nbsp;Marie M.K. Stolberg MD ,&nbsp;Helle D. Zacho MD, PhD, DMSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This expedited systematic review aims to provide the first overview of the different Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET scan procedures in the literature and discuss how to efficiently obtain optimal FAPI PET images based on the best available evidence. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched in April 2023. Peer-reviewed cohort studies published in English and used FAPI tracers were included. Articles were excluded if critical scan procedure information was missing, or the article was not retrievable from a university library within 30 days. Data were grouped according to the FAPI tracer applied. Meta-analysis with proper statistics was deemed not feasible based on a pilot study. A total of 946 records were identified. After screening, 159 studies were included. [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 was applied in 98 studies (61%), followed by [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 in 19 studies (12%). Most studies did not report specific patient preparation. A mean/median administered activity of 80-200 MBq was most common; however, wide ranges were seen in [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET studies (56-370 MBq). An injection-to-scan-time of 60 minutes was dominant for all FAPI PET studies. A possible trend toward shorter injection-to-scan times was observed for [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46. Three studies evaluated [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET acquisition at multiple time points in more than 593 cancer lesions, all yielding equivalent tumor detection at 10 minutes vs later time points despite slightly lower tumor-to-background Ratios. Despite the wide ranges, most institutions administer an average of 80-200 MBq [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04/46 and scan patients at 60 minutes postinjection. For [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46, the present evidence consistently supports the feasibility of image acquisition earlier than 30 minutes. Currently, data on the optimal FAPI PET scan procedure are limited, and more studies are encouraged. The current review can serve as a temporary guideline for institutions planning FAPI PET studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 345-355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299823000922/pdfft?md5=c78c3466dc48bfe83d31835ae2d9b453&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299823000922-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Imaging of Heart Failure: An Update and Future Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular imaging can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Targeted tracers have enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure aiming for improved phenotyping, risk stratification, and personalized therapy. This review outlines the current status of molecular imaging in heart failure, accompanied with discussion on novel developments. The focus is on radionuclide methods with data from clinical studies. Imaging of myocardial metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. In vivo imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition have an established role in the detection of cardiac sarcoidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well documented prognostic value in predicting heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Tracers specific for inflammation, angiogenesis and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development, but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of cardiac function over time. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive cardiac dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 674-685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000129982400028X/pdfft?md5=6f4ac9c1319a82251e0879a8f8184da3&pid=1-s2.0-S000129982400028X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in PET Imaging of Large Vessel Vasculitis: An Update and Future Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Systemic vasculitides are autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. They are categorized based on the size of the preferentially affected blood vessels: large-, medium-, and small-vessel vasculitides. The main forms of large-vessel vasculitis include giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Depending on the location of the affected vessels, various imaging modalities can be employed for diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis: ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and [¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). These imaging tools offer complementary information about vascular changes occurring in vasculitis. Recent advances in PET imaging in large vessel vasculitis include the introduction of digital long axial field-of-view PET/CT, dedicated acquisition, quantitative methodologies, and the availability of novel radiopharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide an update on the current status of PET imaging in large vessel vasculitis and to share the latest developments on imaging vasculitides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 753-760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000266/pdfft?md5=6abf12f46b9e58568217e10aee285fa0&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000266-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140306808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear Cardiology: An Update and Future Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myocardial perfusion<span><span> imaging (MPI), using either single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or </span>positron emission tomography<span><span> (PET), is one of the most commonly ordered cardiac imaging tests, with prominent clinical roles for disease diagnosis and risk prediction. Artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially play a role in many steps along the typical MPI workflow, from image acquisition through to clinical reporting and risk estimation. AI can be utilized to improve </span>image quality, reducing radiation exposure and image acquisition times. Once images are acquired, AI can help optimize motion correction and image registration during image reconstruction or provide direct image attenuation correction. Utilizing these image sets, AI can segment a number of anatomic features from associated computed tomographic imaging or even generate synthetic attenuation imaging. Lastly, AI may play an important role in disease diagnosis or risk prediction by combining the large number of potentially important clinical, stress, and imaging-related variables. This review will focus on the most recent developments in the field, providing clinicians and researchers with a timely update on the field. Additionally, it will discuss future trends including applications of AI during multiple points of the typical MPI workflow to maximize clinical utility and methods to maximize the information that can be obtained from hybrid imaging.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 648-657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}