Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"Future Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence in Bone Marrow Dosimetry and Individualized Radioligand Therapy","authors":"Alexandros Moraitis MSc ,&nbsp;Alina Küper MD ,&nbsp;Johannes Tran-Gia PhD ,&nbsp;Uta Eberlein PhD ,&nbsp;Yizhou Chen MSc ,&nbsp;Robert Seifert MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Kuangyu Shi PhD ,&nbsp;Moon Kim MD ,&nbsp;Ken Herrmann MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Pedro Fragoso Costa PhD ,&nbsp;David Kersting MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radioligand therapy is an emerging and effective treatment option for various types of malignancies, but may be intricately linked to hematological side effects such as anemia, lymphopenia or thrombocytopenia. The safety and efficacy of novel theranostic agents, targeting increasingly complex targets, can be well served by comprehensive dosimetry. However, optimization in patient management and patient selection based on risk-factors predicting adverse events and built upon reliable dose-response relations is still an open demand. In this context, artificial intelligence methods, especially machine learning and deep learning algorithms, may play a crucial role. This review provides an overview of upcoming opportunities for integrating artificial intelligence methods into the field of dosimetry in nuclear medicine by improving bone marrow and blood dosimetry accuracy, enabling early identification of potential hematological risk-factors, and allowing for adaptive treatment planning. It will further exemplify inspirational success stories from neighboring disciplines that may be translated to nuclear medicine practices, and will provide conceptual suggestions for future directions. In the future, we expect artificial intelligence-assisted (predictive) dosimetry combined with clinical parameters to pave the way towards truly personalized theranostics in radioligand therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 460-469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000564/pdfft?md5=4a49727311de9409ed3b1cf8d95d3994&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000564-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of ¹⁸F-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT Radiotracers in Staging and Restaging of Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer or Biochemical Recurrence: An Overview of Reviews.","authors":"Andrew Dullea, Lydia O'Sullivan, Kirsty K O'Brien, Marie Carrigan, Susan Ahern, Maeve McGarry, Patricia Harrington, Kieran A Walsh, Susan M Smith, Máirín Ryan","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this overview was to consolidate existing evidence syntheses and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence for ¹⁸F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT in the staging of high-risk prostate cancer and restaging after biochemical recurrence. An overview of reviews was performed and reported in line with the preferred reporting items for overview of reviews (PRIOR) statement and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) reporting guidelines. A comprehensive database and grey literature search were conducted up to July 18, 2023. Systematic reviews were assessed using the risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE). 11 systematic reviews were identified; 10 were at high or unclear risk of bias. Evidence reported on a per-patient, per-lymph node, and per-lesion basis for sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy was identified. There was a lack of data on dose, adverse events and evidence directly comparing ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT to other imaging modalities. Evidence with moderate to very low certainty indicated high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence. There was considerably lower certainty evidence and greater variability in effect estimates for outcomes for the combined intermediate/high-risk cohort. While evidence gaps remain for some outcomes, and most systematic reviews were at high or unclear risk of bias, the current evidence base is broadly supportive of ¹⁸F-PSMA PET/CT imaging in the staging and restaging of patients with high-risk prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac PET/MRI: Recent Developments and Future Aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MRI) hybrid imaging is now available for over a decade and although the quantity of installed systems is rather low, the number of emerging applications for cardiovascular diseases is still growing. PET/MRI provides integrated images of high quality anatomical and functional assessment obtained by MRI with the possibilities of PET for quantification of molecular parameters such as metabolism, inflammation, and perfusion. In recent years, sequential co-registration of myocardial tissue characterization with its molecular data had become an increasingly helpful tool in clinical practice and an integrated device simplifies this task. This review summarizes recent developments and future possibilities in the use of the PET/MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 5","pages":"Pages 733-746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299824000485/pdfft?md5=79d15b14d56bad653566c550449cf8bc&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299824000485-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence Biases, Limitations and Risks in Nuclear Medicine: An Argument for Appropriate Use Framework and Recommendations.","authors":"Geoffrey M Currie, K Elizabeth Hawk, Eric M Rohren","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for both text-to-text and text-to-image applications have seen rapid and widespread adoption in the general and medical communities. While limitations of generative AI have been widely reported, there remain valuable applications in patient and professional communities. Here, the limitations and biases of both text-to-text and text-to-image generative AI are explored using purported applications in medical imaging as case examples. A direct comparison of the capabilities of four common text-to-image generative AI algorithms is reported and recommendations for the most appropriate use, DALL-E 3, justified. The risks use and biases are outlined, and appropriate use guidelines framed for use of generative AI in nuclear medicine. Generative AI text-to-text and text-to-image generation includes inherent biases, particularly gender and ethnicity, that could misrepresent nuclear medicine. The assimilation of generative AI tools into medical education, image interpretation, patient education, health promotion and marketing in nuclear medicine risks propagating errors and amplification of biases. Mitigation strategies should reside inside appropriate use criteria and minimum standards for quality and professionalism for the application of generative AI in nuclear medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET/CT and SPECT/CT for Infection in Joints and Bones: An Overview and Future Directions","authors":"Kgomotso M.G. Mokoala MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Honest Ndlovu MD ,&nbsp;Ismaheel Lawal MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mike Machaba Sathekge MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Infections of the bones and joints, if misdiagnosed, may result in serious morbidity and even mortality. A prompt diagnosis followed by appropriate management may reduce the socioeconomic impact of bone and joint infections. Morphologic imaging such as ultrasound and plain radiographs form the first line investigations, however, in early infections findings may be negative or nonspecific. Nuclear medicine imaging techniques play a complementary role to morphologic imaging in the diagnosis of bone and joint infections. The availability of hybrid systems (SPECT/CT, SPECT/MRI, PET/CT or PET/MRI) offers improved specificity with ability to assess the extent of infection. Bone scans are useful as a gatekeeper wherein negative scans rule out sepsis with a good accuracy, however positive scans are nondiagnostic and more specific tracers should be considered. These include the use of labeled white blood cells and antigranulocyte antibodies. Various qualitative and quantitative interpretation criteria have been suggested to improve the specificity of the scans. PET has better image resolution and ¹⁸F-FDG is the major tracer for PET imaging with applications in oncology and inflammatory/infective disorders. It has demonstrated improved sensitivity over the SPECT based tracers, however, still suffers from lack of specificity. ¹⁸F-FDG PET has been used to monitor therapy in bone and joint infections. Other less studied, noncommercialized SPECT and PET tracers such as ¹¹¹In-Biotin, ^99mTc-Ubiquicidin, ¹⁸F-Na-Fluoride, ¹⁸F-labeled white blood cells and ¹²⁴I-Fialuridine to name a few have shown great promise, however, their role in various bone and joint infections has not been established. Hybrid imaging with PET or PET/MRI offers huge potential for improving diagnostics in infections of the joints and bones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 394-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299823000879/pdfft?md5=000269a7f09b331b3498085f8cb0657e&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299823000879-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[18F]FDG-PET/CT in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: An Update and Future Aspects","authors":"Olivier Gheysens MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Marie Péan de Ponfilly MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Gaetane Nocturne MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Raphaële Seror MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Florent L. Besson MD, PhD ,&nbsp;François Jamar MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Polymyalgia rheumatica<span> (PMR) is an inflammatory disorder usually diagnosed </span></span>in patients older than 50 years of age. It is characterized by sudden onset pain and prolonged </span>morning stiffness in the scapular and/or </span>pelvic girdle<span>, sometimes debilitating and accompanied by constitutional symptoms<span> such as weight loss. In approximately 20% of the cases, it is linked to giant cell arteritis<span> (GCAV) representing a disease continuum. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and noninvasive imaging such as ultrasound of joints may be helpful. In atypical PMR cases, whole body imaging using [</span></span></span></span>¹⁸<span><span>F]FDG-PET/CT may be useful. First, to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of PMR, secondly, to assess the coexistence of a GCA, and thirdly to establish the differential diagnosis with other types of arthritides encountered in this age group, such as elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis<span>, spondyloarthropathies, crystal-induced </span></span>arthropathies<span> or the rare remittent seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. Relatively typical patterns of [</span></span>¹⁸<span><span>F]FDG-PET/CT are well known, based on the clinical distribution of the disease (eg, scapular and pelvic girdle, interspinous bursae, sterno-costoclavicular joints, entheses), especially the hypermetabolism at the interspinous lumbar bursae that has shown the best post-test likelihood ratio in a meta-analysis. This article focuses on the differential diagnosis and on the visual and semi-quantitative tools that can be used to guide to the correct diagnosis of PMR as an add-on to the clinical picture. Further, we briefly discuss the options that can improve </span>molecular imaging<span> in the future for inflammatory rheumatisms in elderly.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 371-378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor (FAPI) PET Imaging in Sarcomas: A New Frontier in Nuclear Medicine","authors":"Francesco Giammarile MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Peter Knoll PhD ,&nbsp;Diana Paez MD ,&nbsp;Enrique Estrada Lobato MD ,&nbsp;Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán MD ,&nbsp;Roberto C. Delgado Bolton MD, PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of nuclear medicine has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, particularly in the area of PET imaging. One such development is the use of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors (FAPI) as a novel radiotracer. FAPI PET imaging has shown promising results in various malignancies, including sarcomas, which are a diverse group of cancers originating from mesenchymal cells. This paper aims to explore the potential of FAPI PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring of sarcomas. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of FAPI PET in sarcomas. Furthermore, FAPI PET imaging has shown potential in assessing treatment response, with changes in FAPI uptake correlating with treatment outcomes. However, there are challenges to be addressed. The heterogeneity of sarcomas, both inter- and intra-tumoral, may affect the uniformity of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expression and thus the effectiveness of FAPI PET imaging. Additionally, the optimal timing and dosage of FAPI for PET imaging in sarcomas need further investigation. In conclusion, the introduction of FAPI PET imaging represents a significant advancement in the field of nuclear medicine and oncology. The ability to target FAP, a protein overexpressed in the majority of sarcomas, offers new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of these complex and diverse tumors. Its potential applications in diagnosis, staging, and theranostics are vast, and on-going research continues to explore and address its limitations. As we continue to deepen our understanding of this novel imaging technique, it is hoped that FAPI PET imaging will play an increasingly important role in the fight against cancer. However, as with any new technology, further research is needed to fully understand the potential and limitations of FAPI PET imaging in the clinical setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 340-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Spondylodiscitis","authors":"Diana Paez MD ,&nbsp;Francesco Giammarile MD ,&nbsp;Anita Brink MD ,&nbsp;Osvaldo García-Pérez MD ,&nbsp;Enrique Estrada-Lobato MD, MSc","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spondylodiscitis, characterized by inflammation of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral bodies, presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable imaging findings.</p><p>This review examines the role of PET-CT with FDG, in the evaluation of spondylodiscitis, focusing on its utility in diagnosis, assessment of disease extent, treatment response monitoring, and prognostication.</p><p>FDG PET-CT, by combining metabolic and anatomical imaging modalities, offers superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging techniques in detecting infectious foci, distinguishing between infection and post-treatment changes, and identifying occult sources of infection. Additionally, FDG PET-CT facilitates the localization of infection, aiding in targeted biopsy and guiding surgical intervention. Moreover, quantitative PET parameters, such as standardized uptake values (SUVs), hold promise for predicting treatment response and prognosis. Despite its advantages, FDG PET-CT has limitations, including false-positive results in the setting of inflammation and limited availability in resource-constrained settings.</p><p>Collaborative efforts between radiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, infectious disease specialists, and spine surgeons are essential to optimize the role of FDG PET-CT in the multidisciplinary management of spondylodiscitis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the cost-effectiveness and clinical impact of FDG PET-CT in this challenging clinical entity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET/CT and PET/MR in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Update","authors":"Hedieh Khalatbari MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Barry L Shulkin MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Marguerite T Parisi MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft tissue sarcomas account for 6%-8% of pediatric cancers. The rhabdomyosarcoma family is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in this age group accounting for 3% of pediatric cancers. Rhabdomyosarcomas are high-grade tumors with a high propensity to metastasize. The risk-adapted, multimodal therapeutic approach for rhabdomyosarcomas incorporates a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and multi-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy.</p><p>Soft tissue sarcomas other than rhabdomyosarcoma account for 3%-4% of pediatric cancers. The nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas include both low-grade and high-grade tumors. While surgery is the mainstay of therapy in most non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, many cases require a multimodal therapeutic approach including radiotherapy and chemotherapy.</p><p>In North America, most pediatric patients with soft tissue sarcomas are treated in Children's Oncology Group clinical trials. In this article, we will primarily focus on the staging, risk stratification, imaging recommendations, and interpretations in accordance with the Children's Oncology Group trials. We will review the results and recommendations of International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium and European trials in relevant sections where they provide complementary guidelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 313-331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MRI for Response Assessment of Bone Metastases","authors":"Nazanin Zamani-Siahkali MD ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad MD, MPH, FEBNM ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Farbod MD ,&nbsp;Ghasemali Divband MD ,&nbsp;Christian Pirich MD, PHD ,&nbsp;Patrick Veit-Haibach MD ,&nbsp;Gary Cook MBBS, MSC, MD ,&nbsp;Mohsen Beheshti MD","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent developments in hybrid SPECT/CT systems and the use of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors have improved the diagnostic accuracy of bone scintigraphy. These advancements have paved the way for novel quantitative approaches to accurate and reproducible treatment monitoring of bone metastases. PET/CT imaging using [¹⁸F]F-FDG and [¹⁸F]F-NaF have shown promising clinical utility in bone metastases assessment and monitoring response to therapy and prediction of treatment response in a broad range of malignancies. Additionally, specific tumor-targeting tracers like [^99mTc]Tc-PSMA, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA, or [¹¹C]C- or [¹⁸F]F-Choline revealed high diagnostic performance for early assessment and prognostication of bone metastases, particularly in prostate cancer. PET/MRI appears highly accurate imaging modality, but has associated limitations notably, limited availability, more complex logistics and high installation costs. Advances in artificial intelligence (Al) seem to improve the accuracy of imaging modalities and provide an assistant role in the evaluation of treatment response of bone metastases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"54 3","pages":"Pages 356-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001299823000934/pdfft?md5=9796e6c2a1b1c88d7454288527f3bf6f&pid=1-s2.0-S0001299823000934-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}