Seminars in nuclear medicine最新文献

{"title":"Re-defining the 3Rs of pre-clinical research in nuclear medicine","authors":"Geoffrey M. Currie","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-clinical nuclear medicine occupies a distinctive position in biomedical research, simultaneously driving radioligand discovery for diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy while serving as a cross-disciplinary tool for investigating drug development, physiology, disease mechanisms and treatment response. These dual roles place significant ethical, operational and environmental demands on animal-based research. Although the classical 3Rs (replace, reduce and refine) remain foundational, rapid advances in theranostics, molecular targeting, high-content imaging and artificial intelligence have outpaced the traditional framework. Emerging capabilities such as in-silico biodistribution modelling, digital twins, ultra-low-dose AI-enhanced imaging, automated radiochemistry, distributed data analytics and alternative biological platforms now provide realistic opportunities to displace, minimise or ethically enhance in-vivo research. A modernised, dynamic framework is proposed comprising six inter-connected principles: replace, reduce, refine, re-engineer, revolutionise and re-imagine. Together, these 6Rs better reflect the contemporary scientific, technological and societal context of pre-clinical nuclear medicine. AI and digital methods augment the classical 3Rs, re-engineer research pipelines, generate measurable “12E” outcomes (enhanced, efficient, effective, ethical, environmental, economical, evidence-driven, equitable, evolutionary, empowered, enduring and elastic) and revolutionise translational capability. The 6R model provides a future-ready ethical and operational architecture for pre-clinical nuclear medicine, aligning radioligand development and mechanistic imaging research with modern principles of sustainability, transparency, computational innovation and animal welfare.</div></div><div>Pre-clinical nuclear medicine occupies a distinctive position in biomedical research, simultaneously driving radioligand discovery for diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy while serving as a cross-disciplinary tool for investigating drug development, physiology, disease mechanisms and treatment response. These dual roles place significant ethical, operational and environmental demands on animal-based research. Although the classical 3Rs (replace, reduce and refine) remain foundational, rapid advances in theranostics, molecular targeting, high-content imaging and artificial intelligence have outpaced the traditional framework. Emerging capabilities such as in-silico biodistribution modelling, digital twins, ultra-low-dose AI-enhanced imaging, automated radiochemistry, distributed data analytics and alternative biological platforms now provide realistic opportunities to displace, minimise or ethically enhance in-vivo research. A modernised, dynamic framework is proposed comprising six inter-connected principles: replace, reduce, refine, re-engineer, revolutionise and re-imagine. Together, these 6Rs better reflect the c","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 3","pages":"Pages 548-555"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status on imaging invasive fungal infections with positron emission tomography","authors":"Alfred O. Ankrah ,&nbsp;Ismaheel O. Lawal ,&nbsp;Honest Ndlovu ,&nbsp;Mike M. Sathekge","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for increased research into fungal disease has recently been highlighted in literature. Positron emission tomography emission tomography integrated with morphological imaging has been used in the evaluation of invasive fungal infections in clinical and preclinical settings. The evidence for the usefulness of FDG PET/CT in the clinic has been slowly increasing; however, some questions remain unanswered. There has been a push towards finding a fungal-specific tracer to help in manging fungal disease. At the preclinical level several PET tracers have demonstrated different potential as candidates for in vivo and in vitro assessment of fungal burden. In this paper we explore what the current situation is in utilization of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of invasive fungal infection.</div></div><div>The need for increased research into fungal disease has recently been highlighted in literature. Positron emission tomography emission tomography integrated with morphological imaging has been used in the evaluation of invasive fungal infections in clinical and preclinical settings. The evidence for the usefulness of FDG PET/CT in the clinic has been slowly increasing; however, some questions remain unanswered. There has been a push towards finding a fungal-specific tracer to help in manging fungal disease. At the preclinical level several PET tracers have demonstrated different potential as candidates for in vivo and in vitro assessment of fungal burden. In this paper we explore what the current situation is in utilization of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of invasive fungal infection.</div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 3","pages":"Pages 468-477"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter from the Editors","authors":"M. Michael Sathekge,&nbsp;Kirsten Bouchelouche","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 3","pages":"Pages 379-382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel PET tracers for infection: Host-response, pathogen-specific, and targeted ligands","authors":"Sipho Mdanda ,&nbsp;Sandile Sibiya ,&nbsp;Qiniso Zikhali ,&nbsp;Yonwaba Mzizi ,&nbsp;Lufuno Nemakhavhani ,&nbsp;Ashliegh Mokoena ,&nbsp;Tatenda Ratsakatika ,&nbsp;Locky Mohlala ,&nbsp;Mbongeni Shungube ,&nbsp;Milani Qebethu ,&nbsp;Keamogetswe Ramonaheng ,&nbsp;Mike Sathekge","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an essential tool for assessing infectious and inflammatory diseases through radiolabelled tracers that enable non-invasive visualization of biological processes in vivo. The conventional tracer &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) remains widely used due to its ability to detect increased glucose metabolism associated with inflammatory activity. However, its limited specificity restricts its capacity to distinguish infectious processes from sterile inflammation, malignancy, or immune-mediated conditions. This limitation has driven the development of next-generation PET tracers targeting host immune responses and pathogen-specific molecular pathways. Emerging host-response tracers target immune cell activation markers, inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and metabolic reprogramming of inflammatory cells. In parallel, pathogen-specific approaches aim to selectively image microbial metabolic pathways, cell wall synthesis, and transport systems such as siderophore-mediated iron uptake. Species and class selective tracers, including &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorosorbitol for Enterobacteriaceae, demonstrate promising specificity in preclinical studies. Radiolabelled antibiotics such as &lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;C-trimethoprim and antimicrobial peptides including ubiquicidin further exemplify targeted imaging strategies, although resistance mechanisms and pharmacokinetic limitations remain a challenge. Direct fungal and viral imaging present additional complexity due to low target-to-background ratios prompting investigation of radiolabelled siderophores, antibodies, viral antigens, and host-response pathways. Advances in radiochemistry and high-throughput screening are accelerating tracer development. This review highlights recent advances in host-response and pathogen-specific PET tracers, focusing on their mechanistic targets, translational potential, and diagnostic value in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Collectively, these innovations signify a shift toward target specific PET imaging to improve diagnostic precision, therapeutic monitoring, and personalized management of infectious diseases.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an essential tool for assessing infectious and inflammatory diseases through radiolabelled tracers that enable non-invasive visualization of biological processes in vivo. The conventional tracer &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) remains widely used due to its ability to detect increased glucose metabolism associated with inflammatory activity. However, its limited specificity restricts its capacity to distinguish infectious processes from sterile inflammation, malignancy, or immune-mediated conditions. This limitation has driven the development of next-generation PET tracers targeting host immune responses and pathogen-specific molecular pathways. Emerging host-response tracers target immune cell activation markers, inflammatory cytok","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 3","pages":"Pages 383-400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148181639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Imaging for therapy monitoring and response assessment in infectious diseases.","authors":"Chiara Lauri, Mariano Pontico, Roberta Farina, Alberto Signore","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases remain a significant global health challenge, demanding rapid and accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Traditional methods for assessing treatment response often rely on clinical signs, culture-based assays, and conventional imaging, which can be slow, lack sensitivity, or fail to differentiate between active infection and sterile inflammation. Nuclear imaging techniques, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), offer unique advantages for visualizing and quantifying the spatial distribution of infection, monitoring treatment efficacy, and predicting clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the current state of nuclear imaging for therapy monitoring and response assessment in various infectious diseases, highlighting the potential of novel radiopharmaceuticals and imaging protocols to improve patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of non-FDG agents in PET imaging of bladder cancer","authors":"Alireza Safarian ,&nbsp;Dina Muin ,&nbsp;Lena Unterrainer ,&nbsp;Anton Hörmann ,&nbsp;Francesco Mattana ,&nbsp;Valentino Dragonetti ,&nbsp;Matthias Eiber ,&nbsp;Francesco Ceci ,&nbsp;Christian Pirich ,&nbsp;Mohsen Beheshti","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bladder cancer (BC) poses significant diagnostic challenges for molecular imaging, as [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT demonstrates not only intense urinary excretion that obscures pelvic lesions but also inherently limited diagnostic accuracy in differentiating tumor from inflammation and in detecting small or low-grade lesions. These shortcomings have spurred the development of non-FDG PET tracers aimed at improving lesion detectability and providing more tumor-specific information. Early-generation tracers such as [¹¹C]acetate, [¹¹C]/[¹⁸F]choline, [¹⁸F]fluciclovine, [¹¹C]methionine, as well as PSMA-targeted agents demonstrated feasibility for imaging primary and recurrent disease but offered modest sensitivity for nodal or distant metastases, restricting their clinical impact. In contrast, novel molecularly targeted agents, including fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors and Nectin-4-directed ligands, have emerged as promising tracers with high tumor-to-background ratios, less urinary clearance, and strong correlation with histopathologic markers. [⁶⁸Ga]FAPI PET has shown superior lesion detection and staging performance compared with [¹⁸F]FDG, while Nectin-4 PET offers potential for precision imaging and theranostic integration with antibody-drug conjugate therapies. Collectively, these advances signal a shift from conventional metabolic imaging toward receptor-targeted, biologically driven PET approaches that enable more accurate, personalized assessment of bladder cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"Pages 188-199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145715772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical approach to diuretic renography in children: Techniques, interpretation, and pitfalls","authors":"Reza Vali ,&nbsp;Amer Shammas ,&nbsp;Neha Kwatra ,&nbsp;Elnaz Jenabi Haghparast ,&nbsp;Zvi Bar-Sever","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diuretic renography remains central to evaluating suspected urinary tract obstruction in children, yet interpretation varies across centers. Modern pediatric practice benefits from standardized acquisition and analysis, including harmonized hydration, furosemide timing, and drainage parameters such as half-time (T½), normalized residual activity (NORA), and parenchymal transit time (PTT). Diuretic renography in children, including its indications, practical patient preparation and acquisition protocols, and interpretive framework linked to clinical decision points are discussed. Key protocol choices (F-15, F-0, F + 20/30), bladder management, minimization of sedation, and motion control are also reviewed, and pitfalls described at the end. Consistent technique—adequate hydration, standardized furosemide dosing, dynamic acquisition with post-void/post-upright positioning/delayed images, and quantitative assessment—improves reproducibility and reduces equivocal studies. NORA complements T½ by accounting for kidney size and residual activity; PTT helps separate obstructive from non-obstructive delay and may predict outcomes after pyeloplasty. Special populations (infants, neurogenic bladder, post-operative states) require tailored protocols and cautious interpretation of quantitative parameters. A practical, physiology-based approach to pediatric diuretic renography reduces variability and aligns imaging with urologic management. Standardized technique and transparent reporting of drainage metrics (T½, NORA, PTT) should be performed widely to optimize care and facilitate multi-center research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"Pages 258-277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSMA PET in renal cell carcinoma: an update and future aspects","authors":"Alessio Rizzo ,&nbsp;Giorgio Treglia","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has recently emerged as a promising molecular imaging tool for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly for the clear-cell subtype (ccRCC). Unlike its expression in prostate cancer, PSMA in ccRCC is localised mainly to the endothelial cells of tumour-associated neovasculature, where it reflects angiogenic activity driven by the VHL–HIF–VEGF axis. This biological substrate provides the rationale for using PSMA-targeted imaging as a surrogate of angiogenesis and as a potential predictive biomarker in systemic therapy.</div><div>Evidence from retrospective and prospective studies demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in ccRCC, with detection rates exceeding 80–90%, outperforming conventional imaging and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT, particularly in metastatic disease. Quantitative PET-derived parameters, including SUVmax and heterogeneity indices, have shown correlation with VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β, and HIF-2α expression and may serve as predictors of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy combinations. PSMA-guided metastasis-directed therapy has also shown encouraging control rates in oligometastatic settings.</div><div>Beyond its diagnostic role, PSMA PET offers a foundation for theragnostic applications. Early clinical experience with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA radioligands and ongoing trials such as RENALUT and PRadR are exploring the feasibility of radioligand therapy targeting PSMA-positive ccRCC neovasculature. Although biological and kinetic barriers persist, PSMA-based imaging and therapy represent a feasible, rapidly translatable platform that bridges diagnosis and targeted treatment, marking a pivotal step towards personalised, imaging-guided management of advanced ccRCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"Pages 162-172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of infection in Nephro-urology: A practical nuclear medicine–focused review","authors":"Kgomotso M.G. Mokoala ,&nbsp;Chimbabantu Kaoma ,&nbsp;Farida Jibril ,&nbsp;Joseph Kabunda ,&nbsp;Mike Sathekge","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infection of the nephro-urological system remains a common and clinically challenging problem, particularly in patients with atypical presentations, prior instrumentation, or underlying immunosuppression. Conventional anatomical imaging plays a central role in identifying obstruction, collections, and complications but is often limited in distinguishing active infection from sterile inflammation or post-interventional change. Nuclear medicine techniques provide complementary functional and molecular information that can clarify disease activity, define extent, and influence patient management. This review presents a practical, nuclear medicine–focused overview of imaging approaches for nephro-urological infection. Established techniques, including ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DMSA imaging, radiolabelled white blood cell scintigraphy, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, are discussed with emphasis on tracer biology, physiological renal handling, and common interpretive pitfalls. Clinical scenarios such as acute and chronic pyelonephritis, renal abscess, transplant infection, and device-related infection are used to illustrate appropriate tracer selection and integration with anatomical imaging. Special populations, including paediatric patients, immunocompromised individuals, and renal transplant recipients, are considered, alongside practical algorithms and teaching points aimed at improving clinical applicability. Emerging developments in bacteria-specific tracers, quantitative imaging, and hybrid modalities are also reviewed. By adopting a biologically informed and question-driven approach, nuclear medicine can play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of nephro-urological infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"Pages 341-353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of FDG PET/CT in Penile Cancer: An Update","authors":"Ilham Badrane ,&nbsp;Alberto Nieri ,&nbsp;Domenico Albano ,&nbsp;Esra Arslan ,&nbsp;Valentina Ceriani ,&nbsp;Federica Lancia ,&nbsp;Corrado Cittanti ,&nbsp;Mirco Bartolomei ,&nbsp;Luca Urso","doi":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penile cancer is a rare malignancy predominantly of squamous cell histology, whose prognosis is strongly influenced by lymph node involvement. Conventional imaging methods such as CT, MRI, and ultrasound have limitations in assessing metastatic spread. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT, a metabolic imaging technique, has shown increasing value in the staging, restaging, and treatment monitoring of penile cancer. Evidence, although limited, demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity, particularly in detecting inguinal and pelvic lymph node metastases, outperforming conventional imaging in most cases. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT also aids in identifying distant metastases and distinguishing viable tumor tissue from post-treatment fibrosis. Preliminary data suggest a prognostic role of SUVmax values in correlating with tumor aggressiveness and survival outcomes. Current guidelines recommend its use mainly in patients with nodal involvement or inconclusive conventional imaging. Overall, [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT represents a complementary tool that enhances staging accuracy, risk stratification, and treatment planning in penile cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21643,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in nuclear medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"Pages 212-220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}