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Hebrew nonverbal sentences wear reconstruction on their sleeve 希伯来语非语言句子将重建写在袖子上
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3765/y9wawx46
Omri Doron
{"title":"Hebrew nonverbal sentences wear reconstruction on their sleeve","authors":"Omri Doron","doi":"10.3765/y9wawx46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/y9wawx46","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss a particle in Hebrew which has been termed Pron by Doron (1983). While its surface form is that of a pronoun, its distribution resembles that of a copula – it appears between the subject and the predicate in nonverbal present-tensed sentences. However, its distribution is limited in unexpected ways for a copula, which gained it some attention in the literature. Contra the standard line of analysis, I argue that Pron is in fact a resumptive pronoun left by the subject as it raises to a higher position. I show that this analysis ties together many of Pron’s prima facie-surprising distribution patterns.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hebrew nonverbal sentences wear reconstruction on their sleeve 希伯来语非语言句子将重建写在袖子上
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3765/y9wawx46
Omri Doron
{"title":"Hebrew nonverbal sentences wear reconstruction on their sleeve","authors":"Omri Doron","doi":"10.3765/y9wawx46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/y9wawx46","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss a particle in Hebrew which has been termed Pron by Doron (1983). While its surface form is that of a pronoun, its distribution resembles that of a copula – it appears between the subject and the predicate in nonverbal present-tensed sentences. However, its distribution is limited in unexpected ways for a copula, which gained it some attention in the literature. Contra the standard line of analysis, I argue that Pron is in fact a resumptive pronoun left by the subject as it raises to a higher position. I show that this analysis ties together many of Pron’s prima facie-surprising distribution patterns.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Not very easy: Towards the unification of scalar implicature and understatement 不太容易：实现标量蕴涵和轻描淡写的统一
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3765/4wxs9538
Stephanie Solt
{"title":"Not very easy: Towards the unification of scalar implicature and understatement","authors":"Stephanie Solt","doi":"10.3765/4wxs9538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/4wxs9538","url":null,"abstract":"Modified and unmodified gradable adjectives give rise to two distinct and opposing varieties of pragmatic enrichment: scalar implicature and understatement. While earlier work in pragmatics took these to be complementary inferences derived from opposing conversational principles, more recent work in the formal tradition has placed the focus firmly on scalar implicature and related phenomena, with no attempt to also account for understatement. In this paper I argue that there are good reasons to pursue a unified treatment of the two, and outline one possible way of doing so, framed within the commitment approach to assertion, where I take the commitments that come with asserting a proposition to encompass not only liability for its truth but also acceptance of the social consequences of expressing it. I further discuss how this approach can shed light on recent experimental findings regarding the role of lexical semantics in the pragmatic inferences available to gradable adjectives, as well as a puzzle that these findings pose.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homogeneity and the illocutionary force of rejection 同质性与拒绝的说服力
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3765/m9525j50
Giorgio Sbardolini
{"title":"Homogeneity and the illocutionary force of rejection","authors":"Giorgio Sbardolini","doi":"10.3765/m9525j50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/m9525j50","url":null,"abstract":"Homogeneity inferences arise whenever an assertion implies a universal positive (every/both) and its denial implies a universal negative (no/neither). I present an account of homogeneity inferences based on two assumptions which together constrain the behavior of negation: rejection is non-classical, and vacuous models may be omitted (Neglect Zero). If both assumptions are enforced, the only definable negatives are universal (no/neither), predicting the homogeneity gap.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Not very easy: Towards the unification of scalar implicature and understatement 不太容易：实现标量蕴涵和轻描淡写的统一
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3765/4wxs9538
Stephanie Solt
{"title":"Not very easy: Towards the unification of scalar implicature and understatement","authors":"Stephanie Solt","doi":"10.3765/4wxs9538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/4wxs9538","url":null,"abstract":"Modified and unmodified gradable adjectives give rise to two distinct and opposing varieties of pragmatic enrichment: scalar implicature and understatement. While earlier work in pragmatics took these to be complementary inferences derived from opposing conversational principles, more recent work in the formal tradition has placed the focus firmly on scalar implicature and related phenomena, with no attempt to also account for understatement. In this paper I argue that there are good reasons to pursue a unified treatment of the two, and outline one possible way of doing so, framed within the commitment approach to assertion, where I take the commitments that come with asserting a proposition to encompass not only liability for its truth but also acceptance of the social consequences of expressing it. I further discuss how this approach can shed light on recent experimental findings regarding the role of lexical semantics in the pragmatic inferences available to gradable adjectives, as well as a puzzle that these findings pose.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homogeneity and the illocutionary force of rejection 同质性与拒绝的说服力
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.3765/m9525j50
Giorgio Sbardolini
{"title":"Homogeneity and the illocutionary force of rejection","authors":"Giorgio Sbardolini","doi":"10.3765/m9525j50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/m9525j50","url":null,"abstract":"Homogeneity inferences arise whenever an assertion implies a universal positive (every/both) and its denial implies a universal negative (no/neither). I present an account of homogeneity inferences based on two assumptions which together constrain the behavior of negation: rejection is non-classical, and vacuous models may be omitted (Neglect Zero). If both assumptions are enforced, the only definable negatives are universal (no/neither), predicting the homogeneity gap.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139792120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the emergence of an aspectual NPI: comparative polysemy and the case of Diyari marla 关于方面性 NPI 的出现：比较多义性和 Diyari marla 案例
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/f2rq0k90
Josh Phillips, Will Wegner, Claire Bowern
{"title":"On the emergence of an aspectual NPI: comparative polysemy and the case of Diyari marla","authors":"Josh Phillips, Will Wegner, Claire Bowern","doi":"10.3765/f2rq0k90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/f2rq0k90","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-linguistically, morphological material that expresses comparison (e.g. more) appears to be colexified with aspectual (“phasal”) adverbs that, under negation, encode the termination of some eventuality (CESSATIVEs, e.g. *(not)...anymore). Using data drawn from the Diyari language of central Australia, we propose a diachronic trajectory for the lexical item marla ‘very, truly’. This word first developed a comparative semantics and, subsequently, a cessative reading restricted to negative polar contexts. This proposal moves us towards a lexical entry that permits for the unification of comparative and aspectual readings for items which exhibit this polysemy and—on the basis of robust pragmatic principles— predicts their polarity-sensitive distribution cross-linguistically.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the emergence of an aspectual NPI: comparative polysemy and the case of Diyari marla 关于方面性 NPI 的出现：比较多义性和 Diyari marla 案例
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/f2rq0k90
Josh Phillips, Will Wegner, Claire Bowern
{"title":"On the emergence of an aspectual NPI: comparative polysemy and the case of Diyari marla","authors":"Josh Phillips, Will Wegner, Claire Bowern","doi":"10.3765/f2rq0k90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/f2rq0k90","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-linguistically, morphological material that expresses comparison (e.g. more) appears to be colexified with aspectual (“phasal”) adverbs that, under negation, encode the termination of some eventuality (CESSATIVEs, e.g. *(not)...anymore). Using data drawn from the Diyari language of central Australia, we propose a diachronic trajectory for the lexical item marla ‘very, truly’. This word first developed a comparative semantics and, subsequently, a cessative reading restricted to negative polar contexts. This proposal moves us towards a lexical entry that permits for the unification of comparative and aspectual readings for items which exhibit this polysemy and—on the basis of robust pragmatic principles— predicts their polarity-sensitive distribution cross-linguistically.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Donkey disjunctions and overlapping updates 驴式分解和重叠更新
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/v5jhc728
Patrick David Elliott
{"title":"Donkey disjunctions and overlapping updates","authors":"Patrick David Elliott","doi":"10.3765/v5jhc728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/v5jhc728","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to an analysis of anaphoric dependencies in disjunctive sentences, and consequences for the understanding of the ∃/∀ ambiguity observed with donkey anaphora. The primary focus is on donkey disjunctions, which are sentences where a (negated) existential in an initial disjunct appears to bind a pronoun in a later disjunct, such as \"Either there's no bathroom, or its upstairs\". The main empirical focus is that donkey disjunctions, like donkey anaphora, exhibit the ∃/∀ ambiguity, and more generally oscillate between homogeneous and heterogeneous readings in a context-sensitive fashion. The paper then proceeds in two steps: first, a principled analysis of donkey disjunctions is developed in the context of a Bilateral Update Semantics (BUS). BUS, by default, generates heterogeneous readings for donkey anaphora/donkey disjunctions (i.e., ∃ readings, in a positive context). In order to account of homogeneous readings, the conjecture is that sentences may be interpreted exhaustively relative to their negations. This has non-trivial consequences due to the non-classicality of BUS — specifically, a failure of the Law of Non-Contradiction.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"102 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generality, genericity and subjective predicates: What propositional attitude verbs, alien viruses, and COVID can tell us 一般性、通用性和主观谓词：命题态度动词、外星病毒和 COVID 能告诉我们什么？
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/v84pje42
Elsi M Kaiser, Haley Hsu
{"title":"Generality, genericity and subjective predicates: What propositional attitude verbs, alien viruses, and COVID can tell us","authors":"Elsi M Kaiser, Haley Hsu","doi":"10.3765/v84pje42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/v84pje42","url":null,"abstract":"In uttering a subjective opinion like Donuts are tasty, is a speaker expressing her own opinion or also making a generalization about people-in-general? While researchers largely agree that generic readings of subjective predicates exist, there is no consensus on how central genericity is for theories of subjective meaning. We report a psycholinguistic study that tests what influences the level of prevalence that comprehenders attribute to opinions, expressed with subjective predicates, about unfamiliar information. Specifically, if you overhear an alien expressing an opinion about an unfamiliar virus (e.g. The zorgavirus is dangerous), how many other aliens do you think share this alien's opinion? We find that the perceived generalizability of subjective predicates is modulated by the presence/absence of embedding under propositional attitude verbs (whether the speaker is explicitly mentioned with I think/consider) and by participants' extra-linguistic attitudes, namely their anxiety levels about COVID. This work uncovers a new link between subjective predicates and humans’ egocentric cognitive biases.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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