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Semantics and Linguistic Theory最新文献

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Donkey disjunctions and overlapping updates 驴式分解和重叠更新
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/v5jhc728
Patrick David Elliott
{"title":"Donkey disjunctions and overlapping updates","authors":"Patrick David Elliott","doi":"10.3765/v5jhc728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/v5jhc728","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is devoted to an analysis of anaphoric dependencies in disjunctive sentences, and consequences for the understanding of the ∃/∀ ambiguity observed with donkey anaphora. The primary focus is on donkey disjunctions, which are sentences where a (negated) existential in an initial disjunct appears to bind a pronoun in a later disjunct, such as \"Either there's no bathroom, or its upstairs\". The main empirical focus is that donkey disjunctions, like donkey anaphora, exhibit the ∃/∀ ambiguity, and more generally oscillate between homogeneous and heterogeneous readings in a context-sensitive fashion. The paper then proceeds in two steps: first, a principled analysis of donkey disjunctions is developed in the context of a Bilateral Update Semantics (BUS). BUS, by default, generates heterogeneous readings for donkey anaphora/donkey disjunctions (i.e., ∃ readings, in a positive context). In order to account of homogeneous readings, the conjecture is that sentences may be interpreted exhaustively relative to their negations. This has non-trivial consequences due to the non-classicality of BUS — specifically, a failure of the Law of Non-Contradiction.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"48 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generality, genericity and subjective predicates: What propositional attitude verbs, alien viruses, and COVID can tell us 一般性、通用性和主观谓词：命题态度动词、外星病毒和 COVID 能告诉我们什么？
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3765/v84pje42
Elsi M Kaiser, Haley Hsu
{"title":"Generality, genericity and subjective predicates: What propositional attitude verbs, alien viruses, and COVID can tell us","authors":"Elsi M Kaiser, Haley Hsu","doi":"10.3765/v84pje42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/v84pje42","url":null,"abstract":"In uttering a subjective opinion like Donuts are tasty, is a speaker expressing her own opinion or also making a generalization about people-in-general? While researchers largely agree that generic readings of subjective predicates exist, there is no consensus on how central genericity is for theories of subjective meaning. We report a psycholinguistic study that tests what influences the level of prevalence that comprehenders attribute to opinions, expressed with subjective predicates, about unfamiliar information. Specifically, if you overhear an alien expressing an opinion about an unfamiliar virus (e.g. The zorgavirus is dangerous), how many other aliens do you think share this alien's opinion? We find that the perceived generalizability of subjective predicates is modulated by the presence/absence of embedding under propositional attitude verbs (whether the speaker is explicitly mentioned with I think/consider) and by participants' extra-linguistic attitudes, namely their anxiety levels about COVID. This work uncovers a new link between subjective predicates and humans’ egocentric cognitive biases.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weakening is external to only 弱化的外部因素只有
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3765/w42dk446
Luis Alonso-Ovalle, Aron Hirsch
{"title":"Weakening is external to only","authors":"Luis Alonso-Ovalle, Aron Hirsch","doi":"10.3765/w42dk446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/w42dk446","url":null,"abstract":"By default, only (p) presupposes the ‘prejacent’ p, as predicted by the classical analysis in Horn 1969. Yet, in some cases, only (p) instead presupposes a weaker existential claim that some alternative is true (e.g. Klinedinst 2005). What is the mechanism by which the presupposition of only is weakened? Crniˇc (2022) takes the presupposition of only to involve quantification, and derives weakening from domain restriction. We present a challenge to this approach, and offer an alternative. In Alonso-Ovalle & Hirsch 2022, we proposed that the grammar makes available a covert operator, which can occur in the complement of only, weakening its argument. We show that this approach offers a straightforward analysis of cases where the presupposition of only is weakened to existential.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"87 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An approach to Hurford Conditionals 赫福德条件式的研究方法
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3765/68bn3095
Alexandros Kalomoiros
{"title":"An approach to Hurford Conditionals","authors":"Alexandros Kalomoiros","doi":"10.3765/68bn3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/68bn3095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000We propose a redundancy-based solution to the puzzle of Hurford con- ditionals. We argue that the puzzle goes away once we recognise that negated and unnegated Hurford disjunctions are not on par. We develop a theory, dubbed super-redundancy, that captures this contrast, and investigate how it can be paired with different approaches to conditionals. It turns out that under super-redundancy, the Hurford conditional paradigm follows under the material implication and strict semantics approaches to conditionals, but not under the variably strict semantics. Finally, we extend our theory to capture some puzzling cases of Hurford phenom- ena that have recently received attention in Marty & Romoli (2022).\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"53 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Focus on demonstratives: Experiments in English and Turkish 关注示范词：英语和土耳其语实验
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3765/48a57s28
Ankana Saha, Yağmur Sağ, Kathryn Davidson
{"title":"Focus on demonstratives: Experiments in English and Turkish","authors":"Ankana Saha, Yağmur Sağ, Kathryn Davidson","doi":"10.3765/48a57s28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/48a57s28","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with an unexpected contrast between demonstrative descriptions and definite descriptions on their anaphoric uses. If two (or more) discourse referents are introduced in the preceding sentence, it is perfectly natural to refer to one of them in the following sentence using a definite description. Use of demonstrative descriptions in the same context, however, is degraded, with existing accounts of anaphoric demonstratives and definites providing no explanation for this contrast. We present experimental evidence from two languages, one with definite determiners (English) and one without (Turkish), and show that the acceptability of demonstratives depends independently both on (i) whether one or two NPs are introduced in the initial sentence, and (ii) whether the follow-up sentence introduces a new situation or not. We propose a focus-driven information structural approach to demonstratives to account for this pattern. Following Dayal & Jiang (2021) (building on Schwarz 2009) in assuming that definite and demonstrative expressions in anaphoric contexts are similar in including an anaphoric index argument, we argue that demonstratives essentially differ in evoking focus alternatives on the index argument.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"125 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Telescoping in incremental quantification 增量量化中的扩展
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3765/xeccvd70
Yusuke Yagi
{"title":"Telescoping in incremental quantification","authors":"Yusuke Yagi","doi":"10.3765/xeccvd70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/xeccvd70","url":null,"abstract":"Bumford (2015) argues that universal quantification in dynamic semantics should be analyzed as generalized dynamic conjunction for empirical benefits. However, this analysis is incompatible with the existing telescoping analyses, which use a pluralized dynamic system (van den Berg 1996; Nouwen 2003; Brasoveanu 2007: a.o.). This study aims to resolve this conflict. It is proposed that quantification over events and their participants allows us to account for telescoping without the pluralized dynamic system.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"43 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the modeling of live possibilities 关于现场可能性的建模
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3765/aysk3v43
Yichi Zhang
{"title":"On the modeling of live possibilities","authors":"Yichi Zhang","doi":"10.3765/aysk3v43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/aysk3v43","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I evaluate two ways to model the notion of live possibilities: the supervaluation-based approach, and the alternative-based approach. I argue that the alternative-based approach is more promising in fulfilling certain desirable constraints governing live possibilities. However, the existing alternative-based accounts fail to be fully satisfactory. To address this inadequacy, I devise a new alternative-based framework and explore its logical features.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"110 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Referring and quantifying without nominals: headless relative clauses across languages 无名指和量化：跨语言的无头相对从句
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.3765/3dgvfv89
Ivano Caponigro
{"title":"Referring and quantifying without nominals: headless relative clauses across languages","authors":"Ivano Caponigro","doi":"10.3765/3dgvfv89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/3dgvfv89","url":null,"abstract":"Nominals can be used to refer to or quantify over individuals, while clauses convey propositional content, with the exception of set-denoting restrictive headed relative clauses. This well-attested crosslinguistic syntax/semantics mapping needs to be broadened. Recent crosslinguistic findings show that headless relative clauses—embedded argument or adjunct clauses with a missing constituent—are widely attested and are used to refer to or quantify over individuals, similar to nominals. The present work contributes to the investigation of the syntax/semantics interface of different varieties of headless relative clauses and begins to develop a much-needed close comparison with the syntax/semantics interface of nominals in order to establish which principles are at play in both families of constructions.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"21 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinds, properties and atelicity 种类、特性和任意性
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.3765/q4xap035
Gennaro Chierchia
{"title":"Kinds, properties and atelicity","authors":"Gennaro Chierchia","doi":"10.3765/q4xap035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/q4xap035","url":null,"abstract":"Since at least Vendler 1967, one of the most widely discussed data points, often viewed as the ultimate test for (a)telicity, is the behavior of durative modifiers with respect to different VP types as in John killed mosquitos/*a mosquito for an hour. In the present paper, I explore a new blend of the two most widespread approaches to this issue, namely (i) the view of durative modifiers as universal quantifiers (e.g., Dowty 1979, a.o.) and (ii) their view as aspect sensitive measure adverbials (e.g., Krifka 1998, a.o.).  The blend explored here is based on an economy constraint specific to the scope of adverbial quantification (‘do not weaken’ cf. Bassa Vanrell 2017) combined with the identification of the special role that kinds and properties may play as direct bearers of thematic relations in an event-based semantics.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"18 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural ambiguity in DPs with quantity nouns 带有数量名词的 DP 中的结构模糊性
Semantics and Linguistic Theory Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.3765/dxn8d863
Luis Alonso-Ovalle, Bernhard Schwarz
{"title":"Structural ambiguity in DPs with quantity nouns","authors":"Luis Alonso-Ovalle, Bernhard Schwarz","doi":"10.3765/dxn8d863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/dxn8d863","url":null,"abstract":"DPs with quantity nouns (QDPs), like that amount of nuts, can combine with predicates of quantities, as in That amount of nuts is low, or with predicates of entities, as in Bo ate that amount of nuts. One account of such selectional flexibility, inspired by Selkirk (1977) and Rothstein (2009), assumes that the two types of predication are transparently encoded through two types of syntactic structures. In this paper, we draw attention to a syntactic challenge for this account of QDPs, viz.that in certain cases it requires two interpreted occurrences of an entity noun like nuts even though only one is pronounced. We argue, however, that this challenge mustbe met and cannot be avoided by abandoning the structural approach. We make this case by arguing against an alternative analysis of the selectional flexibility of QDPs developed in Scontras 2017. On this alternative, quantity predication and entity predication with QDPs are derived from a uniform syntax, and entity predication with QDPs parallels entity predication with DPs with kind, like that kind of nuts, under the classic Carlsonian account (Carlson 1977) as developed in Chierchia 1998. We argue that Scontras’ analysis is mistaken, both in positing a unified syntax for the two types of predication with QDPs, and in unifying the analysis of QDPs withthe Carlsonian analysis of kind-DPs.","PeriodicalId":21626,"journal":{"name":"Semantics and Linguistic Theory","volume":"76 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139606399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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